Person.java

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

// Abstract base class representing a person
public abstract class Person {
    //Fields
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private String department;

    // Constructs a person with given ID, name, email, and department
    public Person(String id, String name, String email, String department) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.email = email;
        this.department = department;
    }

    //Getters
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public String getDepartment() {
        return department;
    }

    // Returns a string representation of the person
    public String toString() {
        return name + " (ID: " + id + ")";
    }
}

// Represents a student and their course-related data
class Student extends Person implements Reportable {
    // Courses the student is currently enrolled in
    private List<Course> enrolledCourses;
    // Map of completed courses and their corresponding grades
    private Map<Course, String> completedCoursesWithGrades;

    // Constructs a student and initializes course collections
    public Student(String id, String name, String email, String department) {
        super(id, name, email, department);
        this.enrolledCourses = new ArrayList<>();
        this.completedCoursesWithGrades = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    }

    // Enrolls the student in a course
    public void enrollCourse(Course course) {
        enrolledCourses.add(course);
    }

    // Records a grade for a completed course
    public void assignGrade(Course course, String grade) {
        completedCoursesWithGrades.put(course, grade);
    }

    // Calculates the student's GPA based on completed courses
    public double calculateGPA() {
        double total = 0;
        int totalCredits = 0;
        for (Map.Entry<Course, String> entry : completedCoursesWithGrades.entrySet()) {
            double gradeValue = GradeConverter.convert(entry.getValue());
            int credit = entry.getKey().getCredits();
            total += gradeValue * credit;
            totalCredits += credit;
        }
        return totalCredits == 0 ? 0.0 : total / totalCredits;
    }

    // Generates a simple report of the student
    public String generateReport() {
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        writer.write("Student ID: " + getId() + "\n");
        writer.write("Name: " + getName() + "\n");
        writer.write("Email: " + getEmail() + "\n");
        writer.write("Major: " + getDepartment() + "\n");
        writer.write("Status: Active\n\n");
        return writer.toString();
    }

    // Generates a detailed report of the student
    public String generateDetailedReport() {
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        writer.write("Student ID: " + getId() + "\n");
        writer.write("Name: " + getName() + "\n");
        writer.write("Email: " + getEmail() + "\n");
        writer.write("Major: " + getDepartment() + "\n");
        writer.write("Status: Active\n\n\n");

        writer.write("Enrolled Courses:\n");
        for (Course course : enrolledCourses) {
            if (!completedCoursesWithGrades.containsKey(course)) {
                writer.write("- " + course.getName() + " (" + course.getCode() + ")\n");
            }
        }

        writer.write("\nCompleted Courses:\n");
        for (Map.Entry<Course, String> entry : completedCoursesWithGrades.entrySet()) {
            Course course = entry.getKey();
            String grade = entry.getValue();
            writer.write("- " + course.getName() + " (" + course.getCode() + "): " + grade + "\n");
        }
        writer.write("\nGPA: " + String.format(Locale.ENGLISH, "%.2f", calculateGPA()));
        return writer.toString();
    }
}

// Represents an academic staff member
class AcademicMember extends Person {
    // List of courses the academic member is teaching
    private List<Course> taughtCourses;

    // Constructs an academic member and initializes course list
    public AcademicMember(String id, String name, String email, String department) {
        super(id, name, email, department);
        this.taughtCourses = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    // Assigns a course to this academic member
    public void assignCourse(Course course) {
        taughtCourses.add(course);
    }
}