diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 53af34f2c..194c190ba 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ Thumbs.db
 
 # Remote miniapps (downloaded at dev/build time)
 miniapps/rwa-hub/
+miniapps/om-hub/
 
 # Playwright
 e2e/test-results/
diff --git a/src/services/ecosystem/__tests__/registry.test.ts b/src/services/ecosystem/__tests__/registry.test.ts
index 34be56cc7..c8cd5343d 100644
--- a/src/services/ecosystem/__tests__/registry.test.ts
+++ b/src/services/ecosystem/__tests__/registry.test.ts
@@ -67,6 +67,51 @@ describe('Miniapp Registry (Subscription v2)', () => {
     expect(getAppById('xin.dweb.teleport')?.name).toBe('Teleport')
   })
 
+
+  it('marks source as error when refresh falls back to cache after fetch failure', async () => {
+    const mockApps = [
+      {
+        id: 'xin.dweb.teleport',
+        name: 'Teleport',
+        url: '/miniapps/teleport/',
+        icon: '/miniapps/teleport/icon.svg',
+        description: 'Test',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+      },
+    ]
+
+    const fetchMock = vi
+      .fn<
+        [RequestInfo | URL],
+        Promise<{
+          ok: boolean;
+          status: number;
+          headers: Map<string, string>;
+          json: () => Promise<unknown>;
+        }>
+      >()
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        headers: new Map([['ETag', '"v1"']]),
+        json: () => Promise.resolve({ name: 'x', version: '1', updated: '2025-01-01', apps: mockApps }),
+      })
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('network down'))
+
+    global.fetch = fetchMock as unknown as typeof fetch
+
+    await refreshSources({ force: true })
+
+    expect(ecosystemStore.state.sources[0]?.status).toBe('success')
+
+    const apps = await refreshSources({ force: true })
+
+    expect(apps).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(getApps()).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(ecosystemStore.state.sources[0]?.status).toBe('error')
+    expect(ecosystemStore.state.sources[0]?.errorMessage).toBe('network down')
+  })
+
   it('prefers the later source when duplicate app id exists', async () => {
     ecosystemStore.setState(() => ({
       permissions: [],
diff --git a/src/services/ecosystem/registry.ts b/src/services/ecosystem/registry.ts
index 26872d949..da09e0823 100644
--- a/src/services/ecosystem/registry.ts
+++ b/src/services/ecosystem/registry.ts
@@ -136,12 +136,17 @@ function invalidateTTLCache(prefix: string): void {
 
 // ==================== Fetch with ETag/Cache ====================
 
-async function fetchSourceWithEtag(url: string): Promise<EcosystemSource | null> {
+type FetchSourceResult = {
+  payload: EcosystemSource | null;
+  errorMessage?: string;
+};
+
+async function fetchSourceWithEtag(url: string): Promise<FetchSourceResult> {
   const fetchUrl = normalizeFetchUrl(url);
   const cacheKey = fetchUrl;
   // Check TTL cache first
   const ttlCached = getTTLCached<EcosystemSource>(`source:${cacheKey}`);
-  if (ttlCached) return ttlCached;
+  if (ttlCached) return { payload: ttlCached };
 
   // Get cached entry for ETag
   const cached = await getCachedSource(cacheKey);
@@ -158,17 +163,18 @@ async function fetchSourceWithEtag(url: string): Promise<EcosystemSource | null>
     if (response.status === 304 && cached) {
       debugLog('fetch source not modified', { url, fetchUrl });
       setTTLCached(`source:${cacheKey}`, cached.data, TTL_MS);
-      return cached.data;
+      return { payload: cached.data };
     }
 
     if (!response.ok) {
+      const message = `HTTP ${response.status}`;
       debugLog('fetch source failed', { url, fetchUrl, status: response.status });
       // Fall back to cache on error
       if (cached) {
         setTTLCached(`source:${cacheKey}`, cached.data, TTL_MS);
-        return cached.data;
+        return { payload: cached.data, errorMessage: message };
       }
-      return null;
+      return { payload: null, errorMessage: message };
     }
 
     const contentType = response.headers.get('content-type') ?? '';
@@ -176,24 +182,26 @@ async function fetchSourceWithEtag(url: string): Promise<EcosystemSource | null>
     try {
       json = await response.json();
     } catch (error) {
+      const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
       debugLog('fetch source parse error', {
         url,
         fetchUrl,
         contentType,
-        message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+        message,
       });
-      if (cached) return cached.data;
-      return null;
+      if (cached) return { payload: cached.data, errorMessage: message };
+      return { payload: null, errorMessage: message };
     }
     const parsed = EcosystemSourceSchema.safeParse(json);
     if (!parsed.success) {
+      const message = 'Invalid source payload';
       debugLog('fetch source invalid payload', {
         url,
         fetchUrl,
         issues: parsed.error.issues.map((issue) => issue.path.join('.')),
       });
-      if (cached) return cached.data;
-      return null;
+      if (cached) return { payload: cached.data, errorMessage: message };
+      return { payload: null, errorMessage: message };
     }
 
     const data = parsed.data;
@@ -204,19 +212,20 @@ async function fetchSourceWithEtag(url: string): Promise<EcosystemSource | null>
     setTTLCached(`source:${cacheKey}`, data, TTL_MS);
     debugLog('fetch source success', { url, fetchUrl, apps: data.apps?.length ?? 0 });
 
-    return data;
+    return { payload: data };
   } catch (error) {
+    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
     debugLog('fetch source error', {
       url,
       fetchUrl,
-      message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      message,
     });
     // Fall back to cache on error
     if (cached) {
       setTTLCached(`source:${cacheKey}`, cached.data, TTL_MS);
-      return cached.data;
+      return { payload: cached.data, errorMessage: message };
     }
-    return null;
+    return { payload: null, errorMessage: message };
   }
 }
 
@@ -394,7 +403,8 @@ function normalizeAppFromSource(
 }
 
 async function fetchSourceWithCache(url: string): Promise<EcosystemSource | null> {
-  return fetchSourceWithEtag(url);
+  const result = await fetchSourceWithEtag(url);
+  return result.payload;
 }
 
 async function rebuildCachedAppsFromCache(): Promise<void> {
@@ -454,18 +464,19 @@ export async function refreshSources(options?: { force?: boolean }): Promise<Min
   await Promise.all(
     enabledSources.map(async (source) => {
       ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(source.url, 'loading');
-      try {
-        const payload = await fetchSourceWithEtag(source.url);
+      const result = await fetchSourceWithEtag(source.url);
+      sourcePayloads.set(source.url, result.payload);
+
+      if (result.errorMessage) {
+        ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(source.url, 'error', result.errorMessage);
+      } else if (result.payload) {
         ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(source.url, 'success');
-        sourcePayloads.set(source.url, payload);
-      } catch (error) {
-        const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
-        ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(source.url, 'error', message);
-        sourcePayloads.set(source.url, null);
-      } finally {
-        cachedApps = mergeAppsFromSources(enabledSources, sourcePayloads);
-        notifyApps();
+      } else {
+        ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(source.url, 'error', 'Failed to fetch source');
       }
+
+      cachedApps = mergeAppsFromSources(enabledSources, sourcePayloads);
+      notifyApps();
     }),
   );
   return [...cachedApps];
@@ -473,19 +484,22 @@ export async function refreshSources(options?: { force?: boolean }): Promise<Min
 
 export async function refreshSource(url: string): Promise<void> {
   ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(url, 'loading');
-  try {
-    invalidateTTLCache(`source:${url}`);
-    const payload = await fetchSourceWithEtag(url);
-    if (payload) {
-      ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(url, 'success');
-      await rebuildCachedAppsFromCache();
-    } else {
-      ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(url, 'error', 'Failed to fetch source');
-    }
-  } catch (error) {
-    const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
-    ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(url, 'error', message);
+  invalidateTTLCache(`source:${url}`);
+  const result = await fetchSourceWithEtag(url);
+
+  if (result.errorMessage) {
+    ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(url, 'error', result.errorMessage);
+    await rebuildCachedAppsFromCache();
+    return;
   }
+
+  if (result.payload) {
+    ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(url, 'success');
+    await rebuildCachedAppsFromCache();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ecosystemActions.updateSourceStatus(url, 'error', 'Failed to fetch source');
 }
 
 export async function loadSource(url: string): Promise<EcosystemSource | null> {
diff --git a/src/stackflow/activities/SettingsSourcesActivity.tsx b/src/stackflow/activities/SettingsSourcesActivity.tsx
index f3fb1077c..f3e79b505 100644
--- a/src/stackflow/activities/SettingsSourcesActivity.tsx
+++ b/src/stackflow/activities/SettingsSourcesActivity.tsx
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import {
   IconArrowLeft,
   IconLoader2,
   IconAlertCircle,
-  IconEdit,
 } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { ecosystemStore, ecosystemActions, type SourceRecord } from '@/stores/ecosystem';
 import { refreshSources, refreshSource } from '@/services/ecosystem/registry';
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ export const SettingsSourcesActivity: ActivityComponentType = () => {
     setIsRefreshing(true);
     try {
       await refreshSources();
-    } catch (e) {}
+    } catch {}
     setIsRefreshing(false);
   };
 
@@ -286,12 +285,15 @@ function SourceItem({ source, onToggle, onRemove, onEdit, isSelected }: SourceIt
   const { t } = useTranslation('common');
   const isDefault = source.url.includes('ecosystem.json');
 
-  const statusIcon = {
-    idle: null,
-    loading: <IconLoader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-3 animate-spin" />,
-    success: <IconCheck className="size-3 text-green-500" />,
-    error: <IconAlertCircle className="size-3 text-red-500" />,
-  }[source.status];
+  const hasError = source.status === 'error' || (source.status !== 'loading' && Boolean(source.errorMessage));
+  let statusIcon: React.ReactNode = null;
+  if (hasError) {
+    statusIcon = <IconAlertCircle className="size-3 text-red-500" />;
+  } else if (source.status === 'loading') {
+    statusIcon = <IconLoader2 className="text-muted-foreground size-3 animate-spin" />;
+  } else if (source.status === 'success') {
+    statusIcon = <IconCheck className="size-3 text-green-500" />;
+  }
 
   return (
     <div
@@ -320,8 +322,8 @@ function SourceItem({ source, onToggle, onRemove, onEdit, isSelected }: SourceIt
             <p className="text-muted-foreground text-xs">
               {t('sources.updatedAt', { date: new Date(source.lastUpdated).toLocaleString() })}
             </p>
-            {source.status === 'error' && source.errorMessage && (
-              <p className="truncate text-xs text-red-500">{source.errorMessage}</p>
+            {hasError && (
+              <p className="truncate text-xs text-red-500">{source.errorMessage ?? t('service.queryFailed')}</p>
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
diff --git a/vite.config.ts b/vite.config.ts
index 07c5a6e35..89562b73d 100644
--- a/vite.config.ts
+++ b/vite.config.ts
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ const remoteMiniappsConfig: RemoteMiniappConfig[] = [
     server: {
       locale: {
         metadataUrl: 'https://iweb.xin/rwahub.bfmeta.com.miniapp/metadata.json',
-        dirName: 'rwa-hub',
+        dirName: 'om-hub',
       },
       runtime: 'iframe',
     },
     build: {
       remote: {
-        name: 'RWA',
-        sourceUrl: 'https://iweb.xin/rwahub.bfmeta.com.miniapp/source.json',
+        name: 'Open Market',
+        sourceUrl: 'https://om-open.bf-meta.org/hub/source.json',
       },
       runtime: 'iframe',
     },