diff --git a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.html b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.html
index fab17748..33cf9eec 100644
--- a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.html
+++ b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.html
@@ -334,6 +334,23 @@ <h2 class="mt-3 text-sm/6 font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white">No artifact
                 <span class="sr-only">Open {{ row.title }}</span>
               </button>
               @if (row.owned; as item) {
+                <!-- Share pins this row's version, which in the library is
+                     always HEAD — the list is one row per artifact, not per
+                     version. The dialog captions the version before it
+                     creates anything. -->
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  (click)="share(item)"
+                  [appTooltip]="'Share'"
+                  appTooltipPosition="top"
+                  class="grid size-8 place-items-center rounded-2xl text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-primary-500 dark:text-gray-500 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200"
+                >
+                  <ng-icon name="heroArrowUpOnSquare" class="size-4" aria-hidden="true" />
+                  <span class="sr-only"
+                    >Share {{ item.title || 'Untitled artifact' }}, version
+                    {{ item.version }}</span
+                  >
+                </button>
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   (click)="rename(item)"
@@ -419,16 +436,25 @@ <h2 class="text-sm/6 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
                 }
               </p>
 
-              <!-- Four controls in one row: labelled Open + Conversation need
-                   ~290px, and three columns give the card far less than that
-                   on a narrow window (~166px at 1080px), so the two text
-                   labels drop to `sr-only` below 19rem — kept in the
+              <!-- Five controls in one row: labelled Open + Conversation plus
+                   three icons need 326px, and three columns give the card far
+                   less than that on a narrow window (~166px at 1080px), so the
+                   two text labels drop to `sr-only` below 21rem — kept in the
                    accessible name, since these controls have no aria-label of
                    their own and would otherwise become nameless icons, with
                    [appTooltip] standing in for the text a sighted user can no
                    longer see.
 
-                   19rem is measured against the container's CONTENT box, which
+                   ⚠️ 21rem, not the 19rem this started at. 19rem was tuned for
+                   FOUR controls and fit with zero slack: at three columns on a
+                   1280px window the container measures exactly 306px and the
+                   labelled row needed exactly 306px. Adding Share pushed the
+                   row to 326px while leaving it 2px above the collapse
+                   threshold, so the labels stayed visible and the last icon
+                   was clipped. Measured in the browser, not derived — any
+                   further control added to this row has to re-measure it.
+
+                   21rem is measured against the container's CONTENT box, which
                    is what an `inline-size` container query reports — the
                    body's `p-5` means the card is 40px wider than the number
                    here. Sizing the threshold off the card (the intuitive
@@ -445,7 +471,7 @@ <h2 class="text-sm/6 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
                   class="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-2xl px-2.5 py-1.5 text-sm/6 font-medium text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-primary-500 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-700"
                 >
                   <ng-icon name="heroEye" class="size-4" aria-hidden="true" />
-                  <span class="@max-[19rem]:sr-only">Open</span>
+                  <span class="@max-[21rem]:sr-only">Open</span>
                 </button>
                 @if (row.kind === 'owned' && row.sessionId) {
                   <a
@@ -455,11 +481,24 @@ <h2 class="text-sm/6 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
                     class="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-2xl px-2.5 py-1.5 text-sm/6 font-medium text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-primary-500 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-700"
                   >
                     <ng-icon name="heroChatBubbleLeftRight" class="size-4" aria-hidden="true" />
-                    <span class="@max-[19rem]:sr-only">Conversation</span>
+                    <span class="@max-[21rem]:sr-only">Conversation</span>
                   </a>
                 }
                 @if (row.owned; as item) {
                   <div class="ml-auto flex items-center gap-1">
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      (click)="share(item)"
+                      [appTooltip]="'Share'"
+                      appTooltipPosition="top"
+                      class="grid size-8 place-items-center rounded-2xl text-gray-400 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-700 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-primary-500 dark:text-gray-500 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200"
+                    >
+                      <ng-icon name="heroArrowUpOnSquare" class="size-4" aria-hidden="true" />
+                      <span class="sr-only"
+                        >Share {{ item.title || 'Untitled artifact' }}, version
+                        {{ item.version }}</span
+                      >
+                    </button>
                     <button
                       type="button"
                       (click)="rename(item)"
diff --git a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.spec.ts b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.spec.ts
index b432685d..7b065172 100644
--- a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.spec.ts
+++ b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.spec.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import {
 } from '../session/services/artifacts/artifact-share.service';
 import { LocalSettingsService, type ViewMode } from '../services/local-settings.service';
 import { ToastService } from '../services/toast/toast.service';
+import { UserService } from '../auth/user.service';
+import { ArtifactShareModalComponent } from '../session/components/message-list/components/artifact/artifact-share-modal.component';
 
 function stubShared(
   overrides: Partial<SharedWithMeArtifact> = {},
@@ -101,6 +103,13 @@ describe('ArtifactLibraryPage', () => {
         { provide: LocalSettingsService, useValue: mockSettings },
         { provide: ToastService, useValue: mockToast },
         { provide: Dialog, useValue: mockDialog },
+        // Stubbed rather than real: the real one computes off SessionService,
+        // which would drag HTTP into a page test that only needs an address
+        // to seed the share dialog's allowlist with.
+        {
+          provide: UserService,
+          useValue: { currentUser: () => ({ email: 'me@x.com' }) },
+        },
       ],
     });
   });
@@ -153,6 +162,7 @@ describe('ArtifactLibraryPage', () => {
       totalCount: () => number;
       tabCount: () => number;
       load: () => Promise<void>;
+      share: (item: LibraryArtifact) => void;
       rename: (item: LibraryArtifact) => Promise<void>;
       confirmDelete: (item: LibraryArtifact) => Promise<void>;
       busy: () => string | null;
@@ -631,6 +641,73 @@ describe('ArtifactLibraryPage', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('share', () => {
+    it('opens the share dialog pinned to the row\'s version', async () => {
+      // The library lists HEAD, one row per artifact, so this is the
+      // version the dialog must caption and pin. A share never follows
+      // HEAD, so getting this wrong would silently share the wrong bytes.
+      mockHttp.listLibrary.mockResolvedValue([
+        stubArtifact({ artifactId: 'a', version: 4, title: 'Quarterly plan' }),
+      ]);
+      const c = api(await createComponent());
+
+      c.share(c.items()[0]);
+
+      expect(mockDialog.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        ArtifactShareModalComponent,
+        {
+          data: {
+            artifactId: 'a',
+            version: 4,
+            title: 'Quarterly plan',
+            ownerEmail: 'me@x.com',
+          },
+        },
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('offers share on your own rows and not on received ones', async () => {
+      // A received artifact has no artifact id — the share id is the only
+      // handle on it — so there is nothing to re-share. The button must
+      // not render rather than render and fail.
+      mockHttp.listLibrary.mockResolvedValue([stubArtifact({ title: 'Mine' })]);
+      mockShares.listSharedWithMe.mockResolvedValue({
+        artifacts: [stubShared({ title: 'Theirs' })],
+        nextCursor: null,
+      });
+      const fixture = await createComponent();
+      const host = fixture.nativeElement as HTMLElement;
+
+      const shareLabels = [...host.querySelectorAll('li .sr-only')]
+        .map((el) => (el.textContent ?? '').trim())
+        .filter((t) => t.startsWith('Share '));
+
+      expect(shareLabels).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(shareLabels[0]).toContain('Mine');
+      expect(shareLabels[0]).not.toContain('Theirs');
+    });
+
+    it('carries the version in the accessible name, in both views', async () => {
+      // The icon is the same glyph as the conversation share, and the row
+      // is captioned with a version only when it is > 1 — so the version
+      // the link will pin has to be in the name itself.
+      mockHttp.listLibrary.mockResolvedValue([
+        stubArtifact({ version: 4, title: 'Quarterly plan' }),
+      ]);
+      for (const mode of ['list', 'grid'] as ViewMode[]) {
+        mockSettings.artifactsViewMode.set(mode);
+        const fixture = await createComponent();
+        const host = fixture.nativeElement as HTMLElement;
+        const label = [...host.querySelectorAll('.sr-only')]
+          .map((el) => (el.textContent ?? '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim())
+          .find((t) => t.startsWith('Share '));
+        expect(label, `view mode: ${mode}`).toBe(
+          'Share Quarterly plan, version 4',
+        );
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('delete', () => {
     it('removes the row only after the request succeeds', async () => {
       mockHttp.listLibrary.mockResolvedValue([
@@ -688,12 +765,19 @@ describe('ArtifactLibraryPage', () => {
 
   describe('grid card footer', () => {
     it('keeps both button labels in the DOM when they collapse', async () => {
-      // The footer carries four controls and the card is ~13rem wide at
+      // The footer carries five controls and the card is ~13rem wide at
       // three columns on a 1080px window, so a container query drops the
-      // "Open" / "Conversation" text below 19rem. It must be dropped to
+      // "Open" / "Conversation" text below 21rem. It must be dropped to
       // `sr-only`, never `hidden`: these buttons have no aria-label, so
       // removing the text would leave them with no accessible name at
       // exactly the width where they become bare icons.
+      //
+      // ⚠️ The threshold is a measured number, not a style choice: the
+      // labelled row needs 326px and the container is 306px at three
+      // columns, so a threshold below 21rem leaves the labels showing at
+      // a width where the last icon is clipped. This assertion is the
+      // only thing standing between the next control added to this row
+      // and that regression — re-measure in a browser before changing it.
       mockSettings.artifactsViewMode.set('grid');
       mockHttp.listLibrary.mockResolvedValue([stubArtifact()]);
       const fixture = await createComponent();
@@ -704,7 +788,7 @@ describe('ArtifactLibraryPage', () => {
       );
       expect(labels).toHaveLength(2);
       for (const label of labels) {
-        expect(label.className).toContain('@max-[19rem]:sr-only');
+        expect(label.className).toContain('@max-[21rem]:sr-only');
         expect(label.className).not.toContain('hidden');
       }
     });
diff --git a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.ts b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.ts
index eb36ca96..7ef16919 100644
--- a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.ts
+++ b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-library.page.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { Dialog } from '@angular/cdk/dialog';
 import { firstValueFrom } from 'rxjs';
 import { NgIcon, provideIcons } from '@ng-icons/core';
 import {
+  heroArrowUpOnSquare,
   heroBars3,
   heroChatBubbleLeftRight,
   heroChevronDown,
@@ -50,6 +51,11 @@ import {
   type RenameArtifactDialogData,
   type RenameArtifactDialogResult,
 } from './components/rename-artifact-dialog.component';
+import {
+  ArtifactShareModalComponent,
+  type ArtifactShareModalData,
+} from '../session/components/message-list/components/artifact/artifact-share-modal.component';
+import { UserService } from '../auth/user.service';
 
 /**
  * Presentation for one artifact content type.
@@ -185,7 +191,8 @@ interface LibraryRow {
   changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush,
   viewProviders: [
     provideIcons({
-          heroBars3,
+      heroArrowUpOnSquare,
+      heroBars3,
       heroChatBubbleLeftRight,
       heroChevronDown,
       heroCodeBracket,
@@ -208,6 +215,7 @@ export class ArtifactLibraryPage {
   private readonly toast = inject(ToastService);
   private readonly router = inject(Router);
   private readonly dialog = inject(Dialog);
+  private readonly userService = inject(UserService);
 
   protected readonly items = signal<LibraryArtifact[]>([]);
 
@@ -551,6 +559,36 @@ export class ArtifactLibraryPage {
     void this.router.navigate([...row.route]);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Share an artifact from the library.
+   *
+   * The same dialog the in-conversation card opens — create and revoke
+   * both live in it — so there is exactly one place in the app that
+   * knows what an artifact share is.
+   *
+   * ⚠️ **It pins `item.version`, which here is always HEAD.** The library
+   * lists one row per artifact, not per version, so this shares the
+   * latest version and a later version of the same artifact will not
+   * follow the link. That is the share contract, not a shortcut: shares
+   * are immutable by design, and the dialog captions the version it is
+   * about to pin so the difference is visible before anything is
+   * created.
+   *
+   * Only offered on owned rows. A received artifact has no artifact id
+   * to share — the share id is the only handle you have on it — and
+   * re-sharing someone else's grant is not a thing this model supports.
+   */
+  protected share(item: LibraryArtifact): void {
+    this.dialog.open(ArtifactShareModalComponent, {
+      data: {
+        artifactId: item.artifactId,
+        version: item.version,
+        title: item.title,
+        ownerEmail: this.userService.currentUser()?.email ?? '',
+      } as ArtifactShareModalData,
+    });
+  }
+
   /**
    * Rename an artifact.
    *
diff --git a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.html b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.html
index 0ded9da7..033bc88b 100644
--- a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.html
+++ b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.html
@@ -150,6 +150,22 @@ <h1 class="truncate text-sm/6 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">
         <span class="sr-only">Open this artifact in a new tab</span>
       </button>
 
+      <!-- Only reachable on your own artifacts: this page resolves out of
+           your library partition, so someone else's id renders "not found"
+           and never gets here. The version it shares is the one on screen,
+           and shares are immutable — a later version will not follow the
+           link, which the dialog says before it creates one. -->
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        class="flex size-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-2xl text-gray-500 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-primary-accessible dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-800 dark:hover:text-gray-100"
+        [attr.aria-label]="'Share this artifact, version ' + a.version"
+        [appTooltip]="'Share'"
+        appTooltipPosition="bottom"
+        (click)="share()"
+      >
+        <ng-icon name="heroArrowUpOnSquare" class="text-lg" aria-hidden="true" />
+      </button>
+
       <button
         type="button"
         class="flex size-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-2xl text-gray-500 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-gray-900 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-primary-accessible disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-800 dark:hover:text-gray-100"
diff --git a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.spec.ts b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.spec.ts
index 68f2cfbb..c5986fe8 100644
--- a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.spec.ts
+++ b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { ActivatedRoute, provideRouter } from '@angular/router';
 import { HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
+import { Dialog } from '@angular/cdk/dialog';
+import { of } from 'rxjs';
 
 import { ArtifactViewPage } from './artifact-view.page';
 import {
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ import {
   type LibraryArtifact,
 } from '../session/services/artifacts/artifact-http.service';
 import { ArtifactDownloadService } from '../session/services/artifacts/artifact-download.service';
+import { ArtifactShareModalComponent } from '../session/components/message-list/components/artifact/artifact-share-modal.component';
+import { UserService } from '../auth/user.service';
 
 function stubArtifact(overrides: Partial<LibraryArtifact> = {}): LibraryArtifact {
   return {
@@ -30,6 +34,7 @@ describe('ArtifactViewPage', () => {
     getArtifactContent: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
   };
   let mockDownload: { download: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+  let mockDialog: { open: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
   let paramId: string | null;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
@@ -48,6 +53,7 @@ describe('ArtifactViewPage', () => {
       }),
     };
     mockDownload = { download: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true) };
+    mockDialog = { open: vi.fn(() => ({ closed: of(undefined) })) };
 
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
@@ -57,6 +63,14 @@ describe('ArtifactViewPage', () => {
         ]),
         { provide: ArtifactHttpService, useValue: mockHttp },
         { provide: ArtifactDownloadService, useValue: mockDownload },
+        { provide: Dialog, useValue: mockDialog },
+        // Stubbed rather than real: the real one computes off SessionService,
+        // which would drag HTTP into a page test that only needs an address
+        // to seed the share dialog's allowlist with.
+        {
+          provide: UserService,
+          useValue: { currentUser: () => ({ email: 'me@x.com' }) },
+        },
         {
           provide: ActivatedRoute,
           useValue: { snapshot: { paramMap: { get: () => paramId } } },
@@ -92,6 +106,7 @@ describe('ArtifactViewPage', () => {
       sourceError: () => string | null;
       download: () => Promise<void>;
       openInNewTab: () => void;
+      share: () => void;
       retry: () => void;
     };
   }
@@ -210,6 +225,49 @@ describe('ArtifactViewPage', () => {
     expect(mockHttp.mintRenderToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
   });
 
+  it('shares the version on screen, against the artifact id', async () => {
+    // Shares are immutable and pin a version. This page shows HEAD, so
+    // HEAD is what it must pin — and it pins against the artifact id,
+    // the owner authority, the same one download uses.
+    const c = api(await createComponent());
+
+    c.share();
+
+    expect(mockDialog.open).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ArtifactShareModalComponent, {
+      data: {
+        artifactId: 'a1',
+        version: 3,
+        title: 'Quarterly plan',
+        ownerEmail: 'me@x.com',
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('offers no share control when the artifact did not resolve', async () => {
+    // Ownership on this page is the DynamoDB partition, not a check in
+    // the template: an artifact that is not yours is simply absent from
+    // your library, so the whole header — share included — never renders.
+    mockHttp.listLibrary.mockResolvedValue([]);
+    const fixture = await createComponent();
+    const host = fixture.nativeElement as HTMLElement;
+
+    expect(api(fixture).notFound()).toBe(true);
+    expect(host.querySelector('[aria-label^="Share this artifact"]')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('names the version it would pin in the share control\'s label', async () => {
+    // The header shows "Version 3" in prose beside it, but the control's
+    // own accessible name has to carry it too — a screen-reader user
+    // tabbing the header never reaches that caption.
+    const fixture = await createComponent();
+    const host = fixture.nativeElement as HTMLElement;
+
+    const btn = host.querySelector('[aria-label^="Share this artifact"]');
+    expect(btn?.getAttribute('aria-label')).toBe(
+      'Share this artifact, version 3',
+    );
+  });
+
   it('treats a missing route param as not-found', async () => {
     paramId = null;
     const c = api(await createComponent());
diff --git a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.ts b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.ts
index 78743827..04f00f23 100644
--- a/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.ts
+++ b/frontend/ai.client/src/app/artifacts/artifact-view.page.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   signal,
 } from '@angular/core';
 import { ActivatedRoute, RouterLink } from '@angular/router';
+import { Dialog } from '@angular/cdk/dialog';
 import { DatePipe } from '@angular/common';
 import { HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
 import { DomSanitizer, SafeResourceUrl } from '@angular/platform-browser';
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   heroArrowLeft,
   heroArrowPath,
   heroArrowTopRightOnSquare,
+  heroArrowUpOnSquare,
   heroChatBubbleLeftRight,
   heroCheck,
   heroClipboard,
@@ -31,7 +33,12 @@ import {
 } from '../session/services/artifacts/artifact-http.service';
 import { ArtifactDownloadService } from '../session/services/artifacts/artifact-download.service';
 import { ArtifactViewerComponent } from '../session/components/message-list/components/artifact/artifact-viewer.component';
+import {
+  ArtifactShareModalComponent,
+  type ArtifactShareModalData,
+} from '../session/components/message-list/components/artifact/artifact-share-modal.component';
 import { TooltipDirective } from '../components/tooltip/tooltip.directive';
+import { UserService } from '../auth/user.service';
 
 /**
  * Owner-facing artifact viewer at `/artifacts/:artifactId`.
@@ -73,6 +80,7 @@ import { TooltipDirective } from '../components/tooltip/tooltip.directive';
       heroArrowLeft,
       heroArrowPath,
       heroArrowTopRightOnSquare,
+      heroArrowUpOnSquare,
       heroChatBubbleLeftRight,
       heroCheck,
       heroClipboard,
@@ -88,6 +96,8 @@ export class ArtifactViewPage implements OnInit {
   private artifacts = inject(ArtifactHttpService);
   private downloadService = inject(ArtifactDownloadService);
   private sanitizer = inject(DomSanitizer);
+  private dialog = inject(Dialog);
+  private userService = inject(UserService);
 
   protected readonly artifact = signal<LibraryArtifact | null>(null);
   protected readonly isLoading = signal(true);
@@ -195,6 +205,34 @@ export class ArtifactViewPage implements OnInit {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Share the version on screen.
+   *
+   * No ownership check is needed here, and adding one would be
+   * misleading about where the guarantee comes from: this page resolves
+   * its artifact out of `listLibrary()`, which reads the caller's own
+   * DynamoDB partition, so an artifact that is not yours does not
+   * resolve at all — `ngOnInit` has already rendered "Artifact not
+   * found" by the time anything on this header exists. The ownership
+   * boundary is the partition key, not a comparison in the template.
+   *
+   * Pins the version this page is showing, which is HEAD. Shares are
+   * immutable, so a later version will not follow the link; the dialog
+   * captions the version before creating one.
+   */
+  protected share(): void {
+    const a = this.artifact();
+    if (!a) return;
+    this.dialog.open(ArtifactShareModalComponent, {
+      data: {
+        artifactId: a.artifactId,
+        version: a.version,
+        title: a.title,
+        ownerEmail: this.userService.currentUser()?.email ?? '',
+      } as ArtifactShareModalData,
+    });
+  }
+
   /**
    * Secondary affordance only. Unlike the library's old primary action,
    * a refusal here is harmless — the artifact is already rendered on this