- ls: List directory contents.
ls- cd: Change directory.
cd [directory_path]- pwd: Print working directory.
pwd- cp: Copy files or directories.
cp [source] [destination]- mv: Move/rename files or directories.
mv [source] [destination]- rm: Remove/delete files or directories.
rm [file_or_directory]- mkdir: Create a directory.
mkdir [directory_name]- rmdir: Remove an empty directory.
rmdir [directory_name]- touch: Create an empty file or update file timestamp.
touch [file_name]- cat: Concatenate and display the content of files.
cat [file_name]- nano: A simple text editor.
nano [file_name]- vim: A powerful text editor.
vim [file_name]- man: Display the manual pages for commands.
man [command]- chmod: Change file permissions.
chmod [permissions] [file]- chown: Change file owner and group.
chown [owner:group] [file]- find: Search for files and directories.
find [directory] -name [filename_pattern]- grep: Search for patterns in files.
grep [pattern] [file]- tar: Create or extract compressed archive files.
tar -cvf [archive_name.tar] [files/directories]
tar -xvf [archive_name.tar]- gzip: Compress or decompress files.
gzip [file]- gunzip: Decompress files.
gunzip [file.gz]- awk: A versatile pattern scanning and processing language.
awk [options] 'pattern {action}' [file]- sed: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.
sed [options] 's/pattern/replacement/' [file]- zip: Create a compressed archive.
zip [options] archive_name.zip [files/directories]- unzip: Extract files from a compressed archive.
unzip [options] archive_name.zip- du: Display file and directory space usage.
du [options] [directory]- df: Display disk space usage.
df [options]- file: Determine file type.
file [options] file_name- ln: Create hard or symbolic links.
ln [options] source [link_name]- basename: Strip directory and suffix from filenames.
basename [options] file_name- dirname: Strip last component from filenames.
dirname [options] file_nameThese commands cover various miscellaneous utilities in Linux. Always consult the respective man pages for detailed information and options for each command (man ).
- uname: Display system information.
uname [options]- hostname: Show or set the system's host name.
hostname [options]- lsb_release: Display distribution-specific information.
lsb_release [options]- uptime: Display system uptime.
uptime- date: Display or set the system date and time.
date [options]- cal: Display a calendar.
cal [options]- whoami: Display current username.
whoami- w: Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
w [options]- finger: Display user information.
finger [username]- ps: Display information about running processes.
ps [options]- top: Display system processes in real-time.
top- htop: Interactive process viewer.
htop- free: Display amount of free and used memory in the system.
free [options]- vmstat: Display virtual memory statistics.
vmstat [options]- lscpu: Display information about the CPU architecture.
lscpu- lsblk: Display block device information.
lsblk [options]- df: Display disk space usage.
df [options]- du: Display file and directory space usage.
du [options]- ifconfig: Display network interface information (deprecated, use ip).
ifconfig [interface]- ip: Display and manipulate routing, devices, policy routing, and tunnels.
ip [options] [object] [command]- route: Show or manipulate the IP routing table.
route [options]- ss: Display socket statistics.
ss [options]- lsof: List open files.
lsof [options]- netstat: Display network statistics.
netstat [options]- iwconfig: Configure wireless network interfaces.
iwconfig [options]- uname -a: Display all available system information.
uname -a- cat /proc/cpuinfo: Display detailed CPU information.
cat /proc/cpuinfo- cat /proc/meminfo: Display detailed memory information.
cat /proc/meminfo- ls /proc: Explore various system information available in the /proc directory.
ls /proc- dmesg: Display or control the kernel ring buffer.
dmesg [options]These commands cover various miscellaneous utilities in Linux. Always consult the respective man pages for detailed information and options for each command (man )
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