diff --git a/.jules/palette.md b/.jules/palette.md
index a34ea59..dd52abf 100644
--- a/.jules/palette.md
+++ b/.jules/palette.md
@@ -13,3 +13,6 @@
 ## 2026-07-13 - Async Table Actions UX
 **Learning:** Adding explicit loading and disabled states to table action buttons that invoke asynchronous processes helps prevent redundant API calls and visually assures the user that their request is being handled.
 **Action:** Consistently apply `disabled` state and `Loading...` text changes to inline table action buttons linked to async workflows, and carefully preserve underlying DOM structures with `Array.from(btn.childNodes)` during the loading cycle to avoid rendering regressions.
+## 2026-07-20 - 비동기 버튼 로딩 시 aria-busy 상태 관리
+**Learning:** 비동기 동작(예: API 요청)을 수행하는 버튼이 `disabled` 상태로 변경될 때, 시각적으로 'Loading...' 텍스트를 제공하는 것만으로는 스크린 리더 사용자에게 로딩 상태가 명확하게 전달되지 않음을 확인했습니다.
+**Action:** 버튼이 로딩 상태일 때 `aria-busy="true"` 속성을 동적으로 추가하고, 작업이 완료된 후 `.finally()` 블록을 통해 안전하게 제거하는 패턴을 적용하여 접근성을 개선합니다.
diff --git a/src/main/resources/static/assets/viewer/demo.js b/src/main/resources/static/assets/viewer/demo.js
index 51466a8..dce390a 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/static/assets/viewer/demo.js
+++ b/src/main/resources/static/assets/viewer/demo.js
@@ -148,10 +148,12 @@ function renderHistory(history = loadHistory()) {
         const btn = e.currentTarget;
         const initialChildren = Array.from(btn.childNodes);
         btn.disabled = true;
+        btn.setAttribute("aria-busy", "true");
         btn.textContent = "Loading...";
         openJobDetail(job).finally(() => {
           btn.replaceChildren(...initialChildren);
           btn.disabled = false;
+          btn.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
         });
       }));
       actionsCell.appendChild(createActionButton("Status JSON", () => {
@@ -299,6 +301,7 @@ async function retryActiveJob() {
   const jobId = activeJobDetail.jobId;
   const initialChildren = Array.from(el.retryJobBtn.childNodes);
   el.retryJobBtn.disabled = true;
+  el.retryJobBtn.setAttribute("aria-busy", "true");
   el.retryJobBtn.textContent = "Retrying...";
   setStatus("Requesting operator retry...");
 
@@ -340,6 +343,7 @@ async function retryActiveJob() {
   } finally {
     el.retryJobBtn.replaceChildren(...initialChildren);
     el.retryJobBtn.disabled = false;
+    el.retryJobBtn.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
   }
 }
 
@@ -414,6 +418,7 @@ async function refreshKpis() {
 async function refreshKpiEvidence() {
   const initialChildren = Array.from(el.refreshEvidenceBtn.childNodes);
   el.refreshEvidenceBtn.disabled = true;
+  el.refreshEvidenceBtn.setAttribute("aria-busy", "true");
   el.refreshEvidenceBtn.textContent = "Refreshing...";
 
   try {
@@ -429,12 +434,14 @@ async function refreshKpiEvidence() {
   } finally {
     el.refreshEvidenceBtn.replaceChildren(...initialChildren);
     el.refreshEvidenceBtn.disabled = false;
+    el.refreshEvidenceBtn.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
   }
 }
 
 async function loadDemoData() {
   const initialChildren = Array.from(el.loadDemoDataBtn.childNodes);
   el.loadDemoDataBtn.disabled = true;
+  el.loadDemoDataBtn.setAttribute("aria-busy", "true");
   el.loadDemoDataBtn.textContent = "Loading...";
   setStatus("Loading seeded buyer-demo story...");
 
@@ -460,6 +467,7 @@ async function loadDemoData() {
   } finally {
     el.loadDemoDataBtn.replaceChildren(...initialChildren);
     el.loadDemoDataBtn.disabled = false;
+    el.loadDemoDataBtn.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
   }
 }
 
@@ -507,6 +515,7 @@ async function submitDocument(event) {
 
   const initialChildren = Array.from(el.submitBtn.childNodes);
   el.submitBtn.disabled = true;
+  el.submitBtn.setAttribute("aria-busy", "true");
   el.submitBtn.textContent = "Submitting...";
   setStatus("Submitting document...");
 
@@ -552,6 +561,7 @@ async function submitDocument(event) {
   } finally {
     el.submitBtn.replaceChildren(...initialChildren);
     el.submitBtn.disabled = false;
+    el.submitBtn.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
   }
 }