Create File handling.md

Author: Fahd-Bin-Ashfaq

week_10/File handling.md

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+# 📁 File Handling in Python
+
+File handling in Python allows us to **create**, **read**, **write**, and **delete** files. It’s used to manage data stored in files (like `.txt`, `.csv`, etc.).
+
+---
+
+## 📝 Types of Files
+
+There are mainly **two types** of files:
+
+1. **Text Files** – contain readable characters (e.g., `.txt`, `.csv`, `.py`)
+2. **Binary Files** – contain non-readable (binary) data (e.g., images, videos, `.exe`, `.dat`)
+
+---
+
+## ⚙️ File Handling Modes
+
+| Mode | Description |
+|------|-------------|
+| `'r'` | Read (default) – error if file doesn’t exist |
+| `'w'` | Write – creates new file or overwrites existing |
+| `'a'` | Append – adds content to end of file |
+| `'x'` | Create – error if file already exists |
+| `'b'` | Binary mode (e.g., `rb`, `wb`) |
+| `'t'` | Text mode (default, e.g., `rt`, `wt`) |
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Basic Operations
+
+### 1. **Open a File**
+
+```python
+file = open("example.txt", "r")  # Open for reading
+
+#Or using with (recommended – auto closes file):
+with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
+    data = file.read()
+
+```
+
+### 🔧 Common File Operations
+
+Below are the most commonly used file operations in Python, including reading, writing, closing, and deleting a file:
+
+```python
+# 📖 Read from a file
+with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
+    content = file.read()       # Reads the full content
+    # line = file.readline()    # Reads the first line
+    # lines = file.readlines()  # Reads all lines into a list
+
+# ✍️ Write to a file
+with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
+    file.write("Hello, world!")  # Overwrites the file if it exists
+
+# ❌ Close the file (only needed if not using 'with' statement)
+file = open("example.txt", "r")
+# ... some operations ...
+file.close()
+
+# 🗑️ Delete a file
+import os
+
+if os.path.exists("example.txt"):
+    os.remove("example.txt")
+else:
+    print("File does not exist.")
+
+
+