diff --git a/src/Otl.php b/src/Otl.php
index b93ca3255..1782516f6 100644
--- a/src/Otl.php
+++ b/src/Otl.php
@@ -206,20 +206,22 @@ function applyOTL($str, $useOTL)
 			list($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys, $GPOSscriptTag, $GPOSlangsys, $is_old_spec)
 				= $this->selectScriptAndLanguage($scriptblock, $useOTL);
 
-			if (!$GSUBscriptTag && !$GSUBlangsys && !$GPOSscriptTag && !$GPOSlangsys) {
+			$this->shaper = $this->shaperForScriptTag($this->shaper, $scriptblock, $GSUBscriptTag);
+
+			// A run the font offers no script for still goes to its shaper, which reorders it with
+			// nothing to substitute. Every script with a shaper is one useOTL opens with 0x80, and a
+			// document that has not opened it gets nothing.
+			$shapeWithoutTables = $this->shaper && ($useOTL & 0x80);
+
+			if (!$GSUBscriptTag && !$GSUBlangsys && !$GPOSscriptTag && !$GPOSlangsys && !$shapeWithoutTables) {
 				$this->removeJoinControls(false);
 				$this->schOTLdata[$sch] = $this->OTLdata;
 				$this->OTLdata = [];
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			// Don't use MYANMAR shaper unless using v2 scripttag
-			if ($this->shaper == 'M' && $GSUBscriptTag != 'mym2') {
-				$this->shaper = '';
-			}
-
-			$GSUBFeatures = (isset($this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GSUBFeatures'][$GSUBscriptTag][$GSUBlangsys]) ? $this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GSUBFeatures'][$GSUBscriptTag][$GSUBlangsys] : false);
-			$GPOSFeatures = (isset($this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GPOSFeatures'][$GPOSscriptTag][$GPOSlangsys]) ? $this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GPOSFeatures'][$GPOSscriptTag][$GPOSlangsys] : false);
+			$GSUBFeatures = $this->features('GSUB', $GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys);
+			$GPOSFeatures = $this->features('GPOS', $GPOSscriptTag, $GPOSlangsys);
 
 			$this->assocLigs = []; // Ligatures[$posarr lpos] => nc
 			$this->assocMarks = [];  // assocMarks[$posarr mpos] => array(compID, ligPos)
@@ -475,11 +477,17 @@ private function insertWordBoundaries($scriptblock)
 	 */
 	private function applyGSUB($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys, $GSUBFeatures, $scriptblock, $is_old_spec)
 	{
-		if (!$GSUBscriptTag || !$GSUBlangsys || !$GSUBFeatures) {
+		if (!$GSUBFeatures && !$this->shaper) {
 			return '';
 		}
 
-		$this->loadGsubData($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys);
+		$this->loadGsubDerivedData($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys);
+
+		// A run with nothing to substitute still goes to its shaper, and its font need not have a
+		// GSUB table at all
+		if ($GSUBFeatures) {
+			$this->loadGsubLookups();
+		}
 
 		// 5. GSUB - Shaper
 		if ($this->shaper == 'A') {
@@ -508,16 +516,14 @@ private function applyGSUB($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys, $GSUBFeatures, $scriptb
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Phase 4: what this font's GSUB table says, for this script and language system.
+	 * What this font's GSUB table says, for this script and language system.
 	 *
-	 * Three things, cached for the life of the document because a document sets the same font for
-	 * line after line: the derived tables the shapers work from, which the parser builds per script
-	 * and language; the coverage of every lookup, which is how a lookup is passed over without being
-	 * read; and the lookup list itself.
+	 * Cached for the life of the document because a document sets the same font for line after line:
+	 * the derived tables the shapers work from, which the parser builds per script and language, and
+	 * which are empty where it built none.
 	 */
-	private function loadGsubData($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys)
+	private function loadGsubDerivedData($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys)
 	{
-		$this->readTable('GSUB');
 		$this->GSUBfont = $this->fontkey . '.GSUB.' . $GSUBscriptTag . '.' . $GSUBlangsys;
 
 		if (!isset($this->GSUBdata[$this->GSUBfont])) {
@@ -540,6 +546,15 @@ private function loadGsubData($GSUBscriptTag, $GSUBlangsys)
 				];
 			}
 		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The coverage of every lookup, which is how a lookup is passed over without being read, and the
+	 * lookup list itself.
+	 */
+	private function loadGsubLookups()
+	{
+		$this->readTable('GSUB');
 
 		$fontCacheFilename = $this->fontkey . '.GSUBdata.json';
 		if (!isset($this->GSUBdata[$this->fontkey]) && $this->fontCache->jsonHas($fontCacheFilename)) {
@@ -1330,6 +1345,50 @@ private function selectShaper($scriptblock)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Which shaper a run gets once the font's GSUB script for it is known.
+	 *
+	 * As HarfBuzz's hb_ot_shaper_categorize(): a font designed for DFLT, or one where the choice fell
+	 * through to latn, is laid out by its features alone, and no script at all is not a reason to
+	 * skip the shaper. Khmer, Thai and Lao keep theirs whatever was chosen, Arabic too, and Syriac
+	 * everywhere but under DFLT. Myanmar also gives the pre-specification mymr to the default shaper.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $shaper        The shaper selectShaper() picked for the run's script
+	 * @param int    $scriptblock   The run's Unicode script, as Ucdn::SCRIPT_*
+	 * @param string $GSUBscriptTag The GSUB script chosen for it, or '' for none
+	 *
+	 * @return string The shaper, as selectShaper() names it
+	 */
+	private function shaperForScriptTag($shaper, $scriptblock, $GSUBscriptTag)
+	{
+		if ($shaper == 'K' || $shaper == 'T' || $shaper == 'L' || $scriptblock == Ucdn::SCRIPT_ARABIC) {
+			return $shaper;
+		}
+
+		if ($scriptblock == Ucdn::SCRIPT_SYRIAC) {
+			return $GSUBscriptTag == 'DFLT' ? '' : $shaper;
+		}
+
+		if ($GSUBscriptTag == 'DFLT' || $GSUBscriptTag == 'latn' || ($shaper == 'M' && $GSUBscriptTag == 'mymr')) {
+			return '';
+		}
+
+		return $shaper;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $table 'GSUB' or 'GPOS'
+	 *
+	 * @return array The features the table offers under a script and language system, by tag, or
+	 *               none where it offers neither
+	 */
+	private function features($table, $scriptTag, $langsys)
+	{
+		return isset($this->mpdf->CurrentFont[$table . 'Features'][$scriptTag][$langsys])
+			? $this->mpdf->CurrentFont[$table . 'Features'][$scriptTag][$langsys]
+			: [];
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Phase 3: which script and language system of the font to lay this run out with.
 	 *
@@ -1531,7 +1590,7 @@ function _applyGSUBrules($usetags, $scriptTag, $langsys)
 		// - Implemented in functions checkContextMatch and checkContextMatchMultiple by failing to match if outside scope of current 'syllable'
 		// if $this->restrictToSyllable is true
 
-		$GSUBFeatures = $this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GSUBFeatures'][$scriptTag][$langsys];
+		$GSUBFeatures = $this->features('GSUB', $scriptTag, $langsys);
 		$LookupList = [];
 		foreach ($GSUBFeatures as $tag => $arr) {
 			if (strpos($usetags, $tag) !== false) {
@@ -1592,7 +1651,7 @@ function _applyGSUBrulesSingly($usetags, $scriptTag, $langsys)
 	{
 		// Features are applied one at a time, working through each codepoint
 
-		$GSUBFeatures = $this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GSUBFeatures'][$scriptTag][$langsys];
+		$GSUBFeatures = $this->features('GSUB', $scriptTag, $langsys);
 
 		// A reverse Lookup runs the other way down the glyphs, so it cannot share the cursor the rest
 		// of the list walks forward. Taking each over the whole run up front costs nothing here: this
@@ -1680,7 +1739,7 @@ function _applyGSUBrulesMyanmar($usetags, $scriptTag, $langsys)
 		// $usetags = locl ccmp rphf pref blwf pstf';
 		// applied to all characters
 
-		$GSUBFeatures = $this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GSUBFeatures'][$scriptTag][$langsys];
+		$GSUBFeatures = $this->features('GSUB', $scriptTag, $langsys);
 
 		// ALL should be applied one syllable at a time
 		// Implemented in functions checkContextMatch and checkContextMatchMultiple by failing to match if outside scope of current 'syllable'
@@ -1753,7 +1812,7 @@ function _applyGSUBrulesIndic($usetags, $scriptTag, $langsys, $is_old_spec)
 		// rphf, pref, blwf, half, abvf, pstf, and init are only applied where ['mask'] indicates:  Indic::FLAG(Indic::RPHF);
 		// The rest are applied to all characters
 
-		$GSUBFeatures = $this->mpdf->CurrentFont['GSUBFeatures'][$scriptTag][$langsys];
+		$GSUBFeatures = $this->features('GSUB', $scriptTag, $langsys);
 
 		// ALL should be applied one syllable at a time
 		// Implemented in functions checkContextMatch and checkContextMatchMultiple by failing to match if outside scope of current 'syllable'
diff --git a/tests/Mpdf/Shaper/SeaTest.php b/tests/Mpdf/Shaper/SeaTest.php
index 535ba7415..80d4736a0 100644
--- a/tests/Mpdf/Shaper/SeaTest.php
+++ b/tests/Mpdf/Shaper/SeaTest.php
@@ -10,14 +10,16 @@
  * pass makes glyphs the categorising pass never saw, and Otl handed them on without a
  * ['sea_category'] of their own - which the reorderer reads on the last glyph of a broken cluster.
  *
- * Lanna Alif is the font throughout. Its 'ccmp' ligates a Sakot with the consonant after it into a
- * subscript form, and the glyph that comes out has no codepoint of its own, so it is mapped into the
- * Private Use Area as the subset is built.
+ * The shaper is only reached under a Tai Tham script tag, and no Tai Tham font in reach offers one:
+ * Lanna Alif has latn, and Noto Sans Tai Tham DFLT and latn, under which HarfBuzz and mPDF both use
+ * the default shaper. NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic is a subset of Noto Sans Tai Tham 2.002
+ * (OFL 1.1) with its script retagged lana and its Sakot ligatures moved from 'liga' to 'ccmp'. The
+ * ligature has no codepoint of its own, so it is mapped into the Private Use Area as the subset is
+ * built. `hb-shape` draws what each test below expects.
  *
  * What the read turns on is that the last glyph of the cluster came out of that pass, not how long
- * the cluster is. Lanna Alif carries U+25CC, so a dotted circle is inserted ahead of the ligature
- * and the cluster is two elements; Noto Sans Tai Tham carries none, and the same cluster is one.
- * Both raised the warning.
+ * the cluster is. The font has no dotted circle to put in front of the ligature, so the cluster is
+ * one glyph; Lanna Alif, which has one, warned on a cluster of two.
  */
 class SeaTest extends \Yoast\PHPUnitPolyfills\TestCases\TestCase
 {
@@ -28,11 +30,8 @@ class SeaTest extends \Yoast\PHPUnitPolyfills\TestCases\TestCase
 	/** U+1A60 TAI THAM SIGN SAKOT, which subscripts the consonant after it */
 	const SAKOT = 0x1A60;
 
-	/** U+25CC DOTTED CIRCLE, inserted in front of a cluster with no base consonant */
-	const DOTTED_CIRCLE = 0x25CC;
-
-	/** The subscript High Ka that Lanna Alif's 'ccmp' substitutes for Sakot + High Ka */
-	const SAKOT_HIGH_KA = 0xF001;
+	/** The subscript High Ka that the font's 'ccmp' substitutes for Sakot + High Ka */
+	const SAKOT_HIGH_KA = 0xE002;
 
 	/**
 	 * A Sakot with no consonant in front of it is a broken cluster, and the reorderer reads the
@@ -57,13 +56,12 @@ public function testAGlyphSubstitutedBeforeTheReorderingCarriesACategoryIntoIt()
 		restore_error_handler();
 
 		$this->assertSame([], $raised);
-		$this->assertSame([self::DOTTED_CIRCLE, self::SAKOT_HIGH_KA], $drawn);
+		$this->assertSame([self::SAKOT_HIGH_KA], $drawn);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * The same Sakot inside a well-formed cluster, which is what the rule is for: the consonant in
-	 * front of it is the base, no dotted circle is needed, and the pair after it is subscripted under
-	 * it.
+	 * front of it is the base, and the pair after it is subscripted under it.
 	 */
 	public function testASakotInsideAClusterSubscriptsTheConsonantAfterIt()
 	{
@@ -94,8 +92,14 @@ private function drawn($codepoints)
 			$html .= sprintf('&#x%04X;', $codepoint);
 		}
 
-		$mpdf = new TextRecordingMpdf();
-		$mpdf->WriteHTML('<p style="font-family:lannaalif">' . $html . '</p>');
+		$mpdf = new TextRecordingMpdf([
+			'fontDir' => [__DIR__ . '/../../data/ttf'],
+			'fontdata' => ['notosanstaithamlanascriptsynthetic' => [
+				'R' => 'NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.ttf',
+				'useOTL' => 0xFF,
+			]],
+		]);
+		$mpdf->WriteHTML('<p style="font-family:notosanstaithamlanascriptsynthetic">' . $html . '</p>');
 
 		return array_values(unpack('N*', mb_convert_encoding($mpdf->drawnText[0], 'UTF-32BE', 'UTF-8')));
 	}
diff --git a/tests/Mpdf/ShaperChoiceTest.php b/tests/Mpdf/ShaperChoiceTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d3e78f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Mpdf/ShaperChoiceTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Mpdf;
+
+/**
+ * Whether a run goes to the shaper its script needs is decided on the GSUB script chosen for it, as
+ * HarfBuzz's hb_ot_shaper_categorize() decides: a font designed for DFLT, or one where the choice fell
+ * through to latn, is laid out by its features alone, and a font with no script for the run still
+ * has it shaped.
+ *
+ * Both Bengali fonts are subsets of Noto Sans Bengali 3.011 (OFL 1.1) with their GSUB replaced, each
+ * with one 'locl' lookup giving KA another glyph. NotoSansBengali-DevaScript-Synthetic offers DFLT,
+ * whose lookup gives KA the glyph of GA, and deva; NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic offers only
+ * guru, whose lookup a Bengali run never reaches. `hb-shape` 14.3.1 draws what each test expects.
+ */
+class ShaperChoiceTest extends \Yoast\PHPUnitPolyfills\TestCases\TestCase
+{
+
+	const KA = 0x0995;
+
+	const GA = 0x0997;
+
+	const SSA = 0x09B7;
+
+	/** U+09BF BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I, written after the consonant and drawn before it */
+	const I = 0x09BF;
+
+	const VIRAMA = 0x09CD;
+
+	public function testAnIndicRunUnderTheDefaultScriptIsLeftInTheOrderItWasWritten()
+	{
+		$this->assertSame([self::GA, self::I], $this->drawn('NotoSansBengali-DevaScript-Synthetic', [self::KA, self::I]));
+	}
+
+	public function testAnIndicRunTheFontOffersNoScriptForIsReorderedWithNothingSubstituted()
+	{
+		$this->assertSame([self::I, self::KA], $this->drawn('NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic', [self::KA, self::I]));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The original specification puts the matra before the base consonant, SSA, and after the KA and
+	 * virama in front of it. The v2 specification would put it before the whole conjunct.
+	 */
+	public function testAnIndicRunWithNoScriptIsReorderedToTheOriginalSpecification()
+	{
+		$this->assertSame(
+			[self::KA, self::VIRAMA, self::I, self::SSA],
+			$this->drawn('NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic', [self::KA, self::VIRAMA, self::SSA, self::I])
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function testARunInAScriptTheDocumentHasNotOpenedToOpenTypeLayoutIsNotShaped()
+	{
+		$this->assertSame([self::KA, self::I], $this->drawn('NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic', [self::KA, self::I], 0x01));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Lanna Alif offers only latn. Its 'ccmp' ligates a Sakot with the High Ka after it, and with no
+	 * South East Asian shaper the broken cluster gets no dotted circle in front of it.
+	 */
+	public function testATaiThamRunUnderLatnIsLaidOutByTheFontsFeaturesAlone()
+	{
+		$mpdf = new TextRecordingMpdf();
+		$mpdf->WriteHTML('<p style="font-family:lannaalif">&#x1A60;&#x1A20;</p>');
+
+		// The ligature has no codepoint of its own, and is mapped into the Private Use Area
+		$this->assertSame([0xF001], $this->codepoints($mpdf->drawnText[0]));
+	}
+
+	private function drawn($font, array $codepoints, $useOTL = 0xFF)
+	{
+		$key = strtolower(str_replace('-', '', $font));
+
+		$mpdf = new TextRecordingMpdf([
+			'mode' => 'utf-8',
+			'fontDir' => [__DIR__ . '/../data/ttf'],
+			'fontdata' => [$key => ['R' => $font . '.ttf', 'useOTL' => $useOTL]],
+			'default_font' => $key,
+		]);
+
+		$html = '';
+		foreach ($codepoints as $codepoint) {
+			$html .= sprintf('&#x%04X;', $codepoint);
+		}
+		$mpdf->WriteHTML('<p>' . $html . '</p>');
+
+		return $this->codepoints($mpdf->drawnText[0]);
+	}
+
+	private function codepoints($text)
+	{
+		return array_values(unpack('N*', mb_convert_encoding($text, 'UTF-32BE', 'UTF-8')));
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Snapshots/TaiThamSakotSnapshotTest.php b/tests/Snapshots/TaiThamSakotSnapshotTest.php
index 4bc222f52..74cbcf986 100644
--- a/tests/Snapshots/TaiThamSakotSnapshotTest.php
+++ b/tests/Snapshots/TaiThamSakotSnapshotTest.php
@@ -14,15 +14,16 @@
  * Myanmar categories onto them and carried nothing onto these, so a Sakot ligated with the consonant
  * after it reached the reorderer with no category, and reading it was a warning per run.
  *
- * Lanna Alif is the font throughout. Its 'ccmp' ligates a Sakot with the consonant after it into a
- * subscript form whose glyph has no codepoint of its own, so it is mapped into the Private Use Area
- * as the subset is built and the samples are read off the page and compared with each other rather
- * than named.
+ * The font throughout is NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic, a subset of Noto Sans Tai Tham whose
+ * script is retagged lana: the shaper is only reached under a Tai Tham tag, and Lanna Alif, which
+ * offers latn, is laid out by the default shaper as HarfBuzz lays it out. Its 'ccmp' ligates a Sakot
+ * with the consonant after it into a subscript form whose glyph has no codepoint of its own, so it is
+ * mapped into the Private Use Area as the subset is built and the samples are read off the page and
+ * compared with each other rather than named.
  *
  * Nothing here is drawn differently: a missing category read as null matched nothing at the one test
- * that reads it, and the fixture is byte-identical to the one the code before the fix writes. What it
- * pins is a cluster that reaches the reorderer through a substitution, so moving where the category
- * comes from has to move a page to get through.
+ * that reads it. What it pins is a cluster that reaches the reorderer through a substitution, so
+ * moving where the category comes from has to move a page to get through.
  *
  * @group snapshot
  */
@@ -57,10 +58,22 @@ public function getId()
 	 */
 	public function generatePdf()
 	{
-		$this->mpdf = $this->createMpdf(['mode' => 'utf-8']);
+		$this->mpdf = $this->createMpdf(self::config());
 		$this->mpdf->WriteHTML($this->style() . $this->samples());
 	}
 
+	private static function config()
+	{
+		return [
+			'mode' => 'utf-8',
+			'fontDir' => [__DIR__ . '/../data/ttf'],
+			'fontdata' => ['taithamlana' => [
+				'R' => 'NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.ttf',
+				'useOTL' => 0xFF,
+			]],
+		];
+	}
+
 	private function style()
 	{
 		ob_start();
@@ -69,14 +82,14 @@ private function style()
 			h2 { font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 1mm; }
 			p.note { font-size: 9pt; color: #606060; margin-top: 0; }
 			p.label { font-size: 9pt; color: #606060; margin-bottom: 0; }
-			p.sample { font-family: lannaalif; font-size: 28pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 3mm; }
+			p.sample { font-family: taithamlana; font-size: 28pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 3mm; }
 		</style>
 
 		<h1>mPDF</h1>
 		<h2>Tai Tham clusters joined by a Sakot</h2>
 		<p class="note">A Sakot subscripts the consonant after it, and the two are drawn as one glyph
 			the font substitutes for the pair. Written with no consonant in front of them they are a
-			broken cluster, and a dotted circle is inserted to stand in for the consonant that is
+			broken cluster, and the font has no dotted circle to stand in for the consonant that is
 			missing. Read the subscript form under each: the broken cluster draws the same one the
 			well-formed cluster does.</p>
 		<?php
@@ -86,7 +99,7 @@ private function style()
 
 	private function samples()
 	{
-		return $this->sample('Sakot, High Ka - no base, so a dotted circle carries the pair', self::SAKOT . self::HIGH_KA)
+		return $this->sample('Sakot, High Ka - no base, so nothing carries the pair', self::SAKOT . self::HIGH_KA)
 			. $this->sample('High Ka, Sakot, High Ka - the same pair under a base, the form to match', self::HIGH_KA . self::SAKOT . self::HIGH_KA)
 			. $this->sample('High Ka alone - the base by itself', self::HIGH_KA)
 			. $this->sample('Sakot alone - nothing to subscript, drawn as it was written', self::SAKOT)
@@ -110,24 +123,23 @@ private function sample($label, $text)
 	 */
 	private function glyphsOf($text)
 	{
-		$mpdf = new TextRecordingMpdf(['mode' => 'utf-8']);
+		$mpdf = new TextRecordingMpdf(self::config());
 		$mpdf->WriteHTML($this->style() . '<p class="sample">' . $text . '</p>');
 
 		return array_values(unpack('N*', mb_convert_encoding(end($mpdf->drawnText), 'UTF-32BE', 'UTF-8')));
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * The Sakot and the consonant after it become one glyph either way. In the broken cluster a dotted
-	 * circle stands where the base would be, and the subscript form is the same one the base takes.
+	 * The Sakot and the consonant after it become one glyph either way, and the subscript form the
+	 * broken cluster draws is the same one the base takes.
 	 */
 	public function testTheBrokenClusterDrawsTheSubscriptFormTheWellFormedClusterDraws()
 	{
 		$broken = $this->glyphsOf(self::SAKOT . self::HIGH_KA);
 		$wellFormed = $this->glyphsOf(self::HIGH_KA . self::SAKOT . self::HIGH_KA);
 
-		$this->assertCount(2, $broken, 'the broken cluster draws something other than a stand-in and one subscript form');
+		$this->assertCount(1, $broken, 'the broken cluster draws something other than one subscript form');
 		$this->assertSame(end($wellFormed), end($broken), 'the broken cluster draws a subscript form the well-formed one does not');
-		$this->assertNotSame($this->glyphsOf(self::HIGH_KA)[0], $broken[0], 'the stand-in is the consonant rather than a dotted circle');
 	}
 
 	/**
diff --git a/tests/data/fontcache/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.json b/tests/data/fontcache/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe189750d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/fontcache/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+    "_": "Generated by composer fontcache:update. See tests/Mpdf/Fonts/ParserGoldenMaster.php.",
+    "fullName": "NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic",
+    "mtx": {
+        "GSUBScriptLang": {
+            "guru": "DFLT "
+        },
+        "GSUBFeatures": {
+            "guru": {
+                "DFLT": {
+                    "locl": [
+                        0
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "GSUBLookups": [
+            {
+                "Type": 1,
+                "Flag": 0,
+                "SubtableCount": 1,
+                "Subtables": [
+                    56
+                ],
+                "MarkFilteringSet": ""
+            }
+        ],
+        "GPOSScriptLang": [],
+        "GPOSFeatures": [],
+        "GPOSLookups": [],
+        "MarkGlyphSets": [
+            " 009CD",
+            " 009CD",
+            " 009CD",
+            " 009CD",
+            " 009CD",
+            " 009CD",
+            " 009CD"
+        ],
+        "rtlPUAstr": "",
+        "haskernGPOS": false,
+        "hassmallcapsGSUB": false
+    },
+    "cache": {
+        "GDEFdata.json": {
+            "GlyphClassBases": " 00995| 00996| 00997| 009B7| 009BF| 025CC",
+            "GlyphClassMarks": " 009CD",
+            "GlyphClassLigatures": "",
+            "GlyphClassComponents": "",
+            "MarkGlyphSets": [
+                " 009CD",
+                " 009CD",
+                " 009CD",
+                " 009CD",
+                " 009CD",
+                " 009CD",
+                " 009CD"
+            ],
+            "MarkAttachmentType": []
+        },
+        "GSUB.dat": "68 bytes, sha256 70783ab0e3f3e6d03df78c824bc1cb733550af9c202ae2b88ff0d2a22948c5b1",
+        "GSUBdata.json": [
+            [
+                {
+                    "2453": 0
+                }
+            ]
+        ]
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/data/fontcache/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.json b/tests/data/fontcache/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c522fd33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/fontcache/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.json
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+{
+    "_": "Generated by composer fontcache:update. See tests/Mpdf/Fonts/ParserGoldenMaster.php.",
+    "fullName": "NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic",
+    "mtx": {
+        "GSUBScriptLang": {
+            "lana": "DFLT "
+        },
+        "GSUBFeatures": {
+            "lana": {
+                "DFLT": {
+                    "ccmp": [
+                        1
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "GSUBLookups": [
+            {
+                "Type": 4,
+                "Flag": 0,
+                "SubtableCount": 1,
+                "Subtables": [
+                    58
+                ],
+                "MarkFilteringSet": ""
+            },
+            {
+                "Type": 6,
+                "Flag": 0,
+                "SubtableCount": 2,
+                "Subtables": [
+                    94,
+                    118
+                ],
+                "MarkFilteringSet": ""
+            }
+        ],
+        "GPOSScriptLang": [],
+        "GPOSFeatures": [],
+        "GPOSLookups": [],
+        "MarkGlyphSets": [],
+        "rtlPUAstr": "",
+        "haskernGPOS": false,
+        "hassmallcapsGSUB": false
+    },
+    "cache": {
+        "GDEFdata.json": {
+            "GlyphClassBases": " 00020| 01A20| 01A21| 01A63| 0E000| 0E001| 0E002",
+            "GlyphClassMarks": " 01A60",
+            "GlyphClassLigatures": "",
+            "GlyphClassComponents": "",
+            "MarkGlyphSets": [],
+            "MarkAttachmentType": []
+        },
+        "GSUB.dat": "148 bytes, sha256 e3e5d6c3ea5a2b4d5a5f7145427e1da577e58e9eb6d32eaa8acfc19bdf1859bb",
+        "GSUBdata.json": [
+            [
+                {
+                    "6752": 0
+                }
+            ],
+            [
+                {
+                    "6752": 0
+                },
+                {
+                    "6752": 0
+                }
+            ]
+        ]
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/data/otldump/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/otldump/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15a78c82c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/otldump/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<h1>GDEF table</h1>
+<h2>Glyph classes</h2>
+<h3>Glyph class 1</h3>
+<h5>Base glyph (single character, spacing glyph)</h5>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x00995; &#x00996; &#x00997; &#x009B7; &#x009BF; &#x025CC; </div>
+<h3>Glyph class 3</h3>
+<h5>Mark glyph (non-spacing combining glyph)</h5>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h1>Mark Glyph Sets</h1>
+<h3>Mark Glyph Set class: 0</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h3>Mark Glyph Set class: 1</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h3>Mark Glyph Set class: 2</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h3>Mark Glyph Set class: 3</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h3>Mark Glyph Set class: 4</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h3>Mark Glyph Set class: 5</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h3>Mark Glyph Set class: 6</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x009CD; </div>
+<h1>GSUB Tables</h1>
+<h3>GSUB Scripts &amp; Languages</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">
+<h5>guru</h5><div><a href="font_dump_otl.php?script=guru&amp;lang=DFLT">DFLT</a></b>: locl </div>
+</div>
+<div>GPOS table not defined</div>
+
+=== detail: script guru language DFLT ===
+<h1>GSUB Tables</h1>
+<bookmark level="0" content="GSUB features"><div class="level1"><h5 class="level1"><bookmark level="1" content="locl [#0]">Lookup #0 [tag: <span style="color:#000066;">locl</span>]</h5><div class="subtable">Subtable #0<bookmark level="2" content="Subtable #0"></div><div class="lookuptype">LookupType 1: Single Substitution Subtable</div><div class="substitution"><span class="unicode">U+0995&nbsp;</span> <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x0995;</span>&nbsp; &raquo; &raquo; &nbsp;<span class="changed">&nbsp;&#x0996;</span>&nbsp; <span class="unicode">U+0996</span> </div></div>
+<div>GPOS table not defined</div>
diff --git a/tests/data/otldump/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/otldump/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ea0e5150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/otldump/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<h1>GDEF table</h1>
+<h2>Glyph classes</h2>
+<h3>Glyph class 1</h3>
+<h5>Base glyph (single character, spacing glyph)</h5>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x00020; &#x01A20; &#x01A21; &#x01A63; &#x0E000; &#x0E001; &#x0E002; </div>
+<h3>Glyph class 3</h3>
+<h5>Mark glyph (non-spacing combining glyph)</h5>
+<div class="glyphs">&#x25cc;&#x01A60; </div>
+<h1>GSUB Tables</h1>
+<h3>GSUB Scripts &amp; Languages</h3>
+<div class="glyphs">
+<h5>lana</h5><div><a href="font_dump_otl.php?script=lana&amp;lang=DFLT">DFLT</a></b>: ccmp </div>
+</div>
+<div>GPOS table not defined</div>
+
+=== detail: script lana language DFLT ===
+<h1>GSUB Tables</h1>
+<bookmark level="0" content="GSUB features"><div class="level1"><h5 class="level1"><bookmark level="1" content="ccmp [#1]">Lookup #1 [tag: <span style="color:#000066;">ccmp</span>]</h5><div class="subtable">Subtable #0<bookmark level="2" content="Subtable #0"></div><div class="lookuptype">LookupType 6: Chaining Contextual Substitution Subtable</div><div class="lookuptypesub">Format 3: Coverage-based Chaining Context Glyph Substitution  </div><div class="context">CONTEXT: <div>Input #0: <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x25cc;&#x1A60;&nbsp;</span></div><div>Input #1: <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x1A20;&nbsp;</span></div></div><div class="sequenceIndex">Substitution Position: 0</div><div class="level2"><h5 class="level2">Lookup #0 [tag: <span style="color:#000066;">ccmp</span>]</h5><div class="subtable">Subtable #0</div><div class="lookuptype">LookupType 4: Ligature Substitution Subtable</div><div class="substitution"><span class="unicode">U+1A60, U+1A20&nbsp;</span> <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x25cc;&#x1A60; &#x1A20;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A20;</span>&nbsp; &raquo; &raquo; &nbsp;<span class="changed">&nbsp;&#xE002;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A20;</span>&nbsp; <span class="unicode">M+E002</span> </div><div class="substitution"><span class="unicode">U+1A60, U+1A21&nbsp;</span> <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x25cc;&#x1A60; &#x1A21;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A20;</span>&nbsp; &raquo; &raquo; &nbsp;<span class="changed">&nbsp;&#xE001;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A20;</span>&nbsp; <span class="unicode">M+E001</span> </div></div><div class="subtable">Subtable #1<bookmark level="2" content="Subtable #1"></div><div class="lookuptype">LookupType 6: Chaining Contextual Substitution Subtable</div><div class="lookuptypesub">Format 3: Coverage-based Chaining Context Glyph Substitution  </div><div class="context">CONTEXT: <div>Input #0: <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x25cc;&#x1A60;&nbsp;</span></div><div>Input #1: <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x1A21;&nbsp;</span></div></div><div class="sequenceIndex">Substitution Position: 0</div><div class="level2"><h5 class="level2">Lookup #0 [tag: <span style="color:#000066;">ccmp</span>]</h5><div class="subtable">Subtable #0</div><div class="lookuptype">LookupType 4: Ligature Substitution Subtable</div><div class="substitution"><span class="unicode">U+1A60, U+1A20&nbsp;</span> <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x25cc;&#x1A60; &#x1A20;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A21;</span>&nbsp; &raquo; &raquo; &nbsp;<span class="changed">&nbsp;&#xE002;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A21;</span>&nbsp; <span class="unicode">M+E002</span> </div><div class="substitution"><span class="unicode">U+1A60, U+1A21&nbsp;</span> <span class="unchanged">&nbsp;&#x25cc;&#x1A60; &#x1A21;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A21;</span>&nbsp; &raquo; &raquo; &nbsp;<span class="changed">&nbsp;&#xE001;</span><span class="inputother">&#x200d;&#x1A21;</span>&nbsp; <span class="unicode">M+E001</span> </div></div></div>
+<div>GPOS table not defined</div>
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/Carlito-MarkAttachmentType-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/Carlito-MarkAttachmentType-Subset.txt
index 086b38621..534d2e30f 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/Carlito-MarkAttachmentType-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/Carlito-MarkAttachmentType-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/Manjari-Regular.txt b/tests/data/shaping/Manjari-Regular.txt
index d2327c9b7..f1b3ee19e 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/Manjari-Regular.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/Manjari-Regular.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/Molengo-GSUB52Class0-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/Molengo-GSUB52Class0-Subset.txt
index c0cedf1f6..4f11dff58 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/Molengo-GSUB52Class0-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/Molengo-GSUB52Class0-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoMusic-GSUB52-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoMusic-GSUB52-Subset.txt
index 108f135e3..b7bf6bac3 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoMusic-GSUB52-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoMusic-GSUB52-Subset.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS3-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS3-Synthetic.txt
index 38685b72f..fbacbc1c3 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS3-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS3-Synthetic.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 === arabic ===
-0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
 === syriac ===
 0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
 0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS72-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS72-Synthetic.txt
index 9ace39da1..2b3ba3a75 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS72-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS72-Synthetic.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS73-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS73-Synthetic.txt
index 9ace39da1..2b3ba3a75 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS73-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS73-Synthetic.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS83-Guard-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS83-Guard-Synthetic.txt
index a51361715..de4738988 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS83-Guard-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GPOS83-Guard-Synthetic.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB2-BigSubtable-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB2-BigSubtable-Synthetic.txt
index 411ff40af..28f422bc3 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB2-BigSubtable-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB2-BigSubtable-Synthetic.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB53-NestedAdvance-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB53-NestedAdvance-Synthetic.txt
index f734637e2..1cfb2a2c8 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB53-NestedAdvance-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUB53-NestedAdvance-Synthetic.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUBClassZero-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUBClassZero-Synthetic.txt
index 44f21332e..857030c23 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUBClassZero-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-GSUBClassZero-Synthetic.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-Regular.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-Regular.txt
index 5be89e56f..06d10fb64 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-Regular.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSans-Regular.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  E562 E3B3  group=CC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  E562 E3B3  group=CC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-GSUB11Wrap-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-GSUB11Wrap-Synthetic.txt
index fc0233178..f8789871a 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-GSUB11Wrap-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-GSUB11Wrap-Synthetic.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-Joining-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-Joining-Subset.txt
index d5bd0d353..5ba47f8a1 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-Joining-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-Joining-Subset.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleFinal-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleFinal-Subset.txt
index 237a49a18..6badfee89 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleFinal-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleFinal-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleForm-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleForm-Subset.txt
index 3288884f4..265c0950d 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleForm-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansArabic-MultipleForm-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansBengali-DevaScript-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansBengali-DevaScript-Synthetic.txt
index 2cf00a3c5..4a07587b4 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansBengali-DevaScript-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansBengali-DevaScript-Synthetic.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0997 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CMCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0997 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CMCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0997 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CMCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0997 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CMCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0997 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CMCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0997 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CMCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -87,6 +87,6 @@
 0x80              0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
 === font characters 0 ===
-0xFF              0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0997 0996 0997 09BF 09B7 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
-0x80              0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0997 0996 0997 09BF 09B7 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0997 0996 0997 09BF 09B7 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
+0xFF              0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0997 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
+0x80              0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0997 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0997 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27bbe3efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+=== latin ===
+0xFF              0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  =>  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  group=CCCCCC
+0x80              0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  =>  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  group=CCCCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  =>  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  group=CCCCCC
+=== cyrillic ===
+0xFF              0416 0430 0439  =>  0416 0430 0439  group=CCC
+0x80              0416 0430 0439  =>  0416 0430 0439  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0416 0430 0439  =>  0416 0430 0439  group=CCC
+=== greek ===
+0xFF              03B1 03B2 03C2  =>  03B1 03B2 03C2  group=CCC
+0x80              03B1 03B2 03C2  =>  03B1 03B2 03C2  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  03B1 03B2 03C2  =>  03B1 03B2 03C2  group=CCC
+=== hiragana ===
+0xFF              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
+0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
+=== arabic ===
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+=== syriac ===
+0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
+0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
+=== nko ===
+0xFF              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
+0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
+=== devanagari ===
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+=== bengali ===
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CMCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CMCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CMCC
+=== gurmukhi ===
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+=== tamil ===
+0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
+=== malayalam ===
+0xFF              0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  =>  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  =>  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  =>  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  group=CCCC
+=== sinhala ===
+0xFF              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
+0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
+=== khmer ===
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+=== thai ===
+0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
+0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
+=== lao ===
+0xFF              0E81 0EB4 0E8D  =>  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  group=CCC
+0x80              0E81 0EB4 0E8D  =>  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  =>  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  group=CCC
+=== myanmar ===
+0xFF              1000 103A 1039 1001  =>  1000 103A 25CC 1039 1001  group=CCCCC
+0x80              1000 103A 1039 1001  =>  1000 103A 25CC 1039 1001  group=CCCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1000 103A 1039 1001  =>  1000 103A 25CC 1039 1001  group=CCCCC
+=== new tai lue ===
+0xFF              1980 19B0 1981  =>  1980 19B0 1981  group=CCC
+0x80              1980 19B0 1981  =>  1980 19B0 1981  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1980 19B0 1981  =>  1980 19B0 1981  group=CCC
+=== cham ===
+0xFF              AA00 AA33 AA01  =>  AA00 AA33 AA01  group=CCC
+0x80              AA00 AA33 AA01  =>  AA00 AA33 AA01  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  AA00 AA33 AA01  =>  AA00 AA33 AA01  group=CCC
+=== tai tham ===
+0xFF              1A20 1A60 1A21  =>  1A20 1A60 1A21  group=CCC
+0x80              1A20 1A60 1A21  =>  1A20 1A60 1A21  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1A20 1A60 1A21  =>  1A20 1A60 1A21  group=CCC
+=== mixed scripts ===
+0xFF              0041 0628 0915 0042  =>  0041 0628 0915 0042  group=CCCC
+0x80              0041 0628 0915 0042  =>  0041 0628 0915 0042  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0041 0628 0915 0042  =>  0041 0628 0915 0042  group=CCCC
+=== spaced ===
+0xFF              0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
+0x80              0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
+=== font characters 0 ===
+0xFF              0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0995 0996 0997 09BF 09B7 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
+0x80              0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0995 0996 0997 09BF 09B7 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0020 0995 0996 0997 09B7 09BF 09CD 25CC  =>  0020 0995 0996 0997 09BF 09B7 09CD 25CC  group=SCCCCCMC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-GSUB81-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-GSUB81-Subset.txt
index 4abb2bd60..327333bfa 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-GSUB81-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-GSUB81-Subset.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-IgnoreMarksClass-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-IgnoreMarksClass-Synthetic.txt
index 4abb2bd60..327333bfa 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-IgnoreMarksClass-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansCoptic-IgnoreMarksClass-Synthetic.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansDevanagari-ContextualLocl-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansDevanagari-ContextualLocl-Subset.txt
index b7d6be7db..22f354c70 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansDevanagari-ContextualLocl-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansDevanagari-ContextualLocl-Subset.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 === arabic ===
-0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
 === syriac ===
 0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
 0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhi-NestedCoverage-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhi-NestedCoverage-Subset.txt
index 09420c36d..814c8bcf7 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhi-NestedCoverage-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhi-NestedCoverage-Subset.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 === arabic ===
-0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
 === syriac ===
 0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
 0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhiUI-GPOS71-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhiUI-GPOS71-Subset.txt
index 582d0fed0..c099a5e36 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhiUI-GPOS71-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansGurmukhiUI-GPOS71-Subset.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 === arabic ===
-0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
 === syriac ===
 0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
 0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
 0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansMono-GDEF13-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansMono-GDEF13-Subset.txt
index 612aaa725..972554502 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansMono-GDEF13-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansMono-GDEF13-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSaurashtra-GSUB53-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSaurashtra-GSUB53-Subset.txt
index 08a21a318..12d4e1c15 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSaurashtra-GSUB53-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSaurashtra-GSUB53-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSinhala-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSinhala-Subset.txt
index 2d3e54d84..c4213c368 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSinhala-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSinhala-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSyriac-Joining-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSyriac-Joining-Subset.txt
index 94b657ecc..e95bfa5b6 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSyriac-Joining-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansSyriac-Joining-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTC-RegionLangSys-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTC-RegionLangSys-Synthetic.txt
index ad76bec74..1949581c7 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTC-RegionLangSys-Synthetic.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTC-RegionLangSys-Synthetic.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 === arabic ===
-0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
 === syriac ===
 0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
 0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6a009923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+=== latin ===
+0xFF              0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  =>  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  group=CCCCCC
+0x80              0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  =>  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  group=CCCCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  =>  0041 0056 0041 0054 0061 0072  group=CCCCCC
+=== cyrillic ===
+0xFF              0416 0430 0439  =>  0416 0430 0439  group=CCC
+0x80              0416 0430 0439  =>  0416 0430 0439  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0416 0430 0439  =>  0416 0430 0439  group=CCC
+=== greek ===
+0xFF              03B1 03B2 03C2  =>  03B1 03B2 03C2  group=CCC
+0x80              03B1 03B2 03C2  =>  03B1 03B2 03C2  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  03B1 03B2 03C2  =>  03B1 03B2 03C2  group=CCC
+=== hiragana ===
+0xFF              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
+0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
+=== arabic ===
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+=== syriac ===
+0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
+0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
+=== nko ===
+0xFF              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
+0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
+=== devanagari ===
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+=== bengali ===
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+=== gurmukhi ===
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+=== tamil ===
+0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
+=== malayalam ===
+0xFF              0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  =>  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  =>  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  =>  0D15 0D4D 0D37 0D3F  group=CCCC
+=== sinhala ===
+0xFF              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
+0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
+=== khmer ===
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+=== thai ===
+0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
+0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
+=== lao ===
+0xFF              0E81 0EB4 0E8D  =>  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  group=CCC
+0x80              0E81 0EB4 0E8D  =>  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  =>  0E81 0EB4 0E8D  group=CCC
+=== myanmar ===
+0xFF              1000 103A 1039 1001  =>  1000 103A 1039 1001  group=CCCC
+0x80              1000 103A 1039 1001  =>  1000 103A 1039 1001  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1000 103A 1039 1001  =>  1000 103A 1039 1001  group=CCCC
+=== new tai lue ===
+0xFF              1980 19B0 1981  =>  1980 19B0 1981  group=CCC
+0x80              1980 19B0 1981  =>  1980 19B0 1981  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1980 19B0 1981  =>  1980 19B0 1981  group=CCC
+=== cham ===
+0xFF              AA00 AA33 AA01  =>  AA00 AA33 AA01  group=CCC
+0x80              AA00 AA33 AA01  =>  AA00 AA33 AA01  group=CCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  AA00 AA33 AA01  =>  AA00 AA33 AA01  group=CCC
+=== tai tham ===
+0xFF              1A20 1A60 1A21  =>  1A20 E001  group=CC
+0x80              1A20 1A60 1A21  =>  1A20 E001  group=CC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1A20 1A60 1A21  =>  1A20 E001  group=CC
+=== mixed scripts ===
+0xFF              0041 0628 0915 0042  =>  0041 0628 0915 0042  group=CCCC
+0x80              0041 0628 0915 0042  =>  0041 0628 0915 0042  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0041 0628 0915 0042  =>  0041 0628 0915 0042  group=CCCC
+=== spaced ===
+0xFF              0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
+0x80              0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  =>  0041 0020 0628 0020 0042  group=CSCSC
+=== font characters 0 ===
+0xFF              0020 1A20 1A21 1A60 1A63 E000 E001 E002  =>  0020 1A20 1A21 1A60 1A63 E000 E001 E002  group=SCCMCCCC
+0x80              0020 1A20 1A21 1A60 1A63 E000 E001 E002  =>  0020 1A20 1A21 1A60 1A63 E000 E001 E002  group=SCCMCCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0020 1A20 1A21 1A60 1A63 E000 E001 E002  =>  0020 1A20 1A21 1A60 1A63 E000 E001 E002  group=SCCMCCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GPOS81-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GPOS81-Subset.txt
index 2d00a7ca6..bdea46b74 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GPOS81-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GPOS81-Subset.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GSUB53-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GSUB53-Subset.txt
index 70ccfe1e9..af3d569d5 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GSUB53-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansTakri-GSUB53-Subset.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansWancho-ScriptTag-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansWancho-ScriptTag-Subset.txt
index 63e57e1dd..0e50d88d6 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansWancho-ScriptTag-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/NotoSansWancho-ScriptTag-Subset.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 0x80              3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  3042 3043 3044  =>  3042 3043 3044  group=CCC
 === arabic ===
-0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC
+0xFF              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0x80              0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
+0xFF +kern -liga  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  =>  0628 0640 0645 0644 0627  group=CCCCC  gpos={"1":{"kashida":8}}
 === syriac ===
 0xFF              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
 0x80              0710 0712 0713 0715  =>  0710 0712 0713 0715  group=CCCC
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
 0x80              0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  =>  0D9A 0DCA 0DBB 0DBB  group=CCCC
 === khmer ===
-0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  group=CCCC
+0xFF              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0x80              1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  1780 17D2 1781 17C1  =>  17C1 1780 17D2 1781  group=CCCC
 === thai ===
 0xFF              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
 0x80              0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  =>  0E01 0E34 0E48 0E23  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/Poppins-Regular.txt b/tests/data/shaping/Poppins-Regular.txt
index 1a2c8e6fa..b6e9c24bc 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/Poppins-Regular.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/Poppins-Regular.txt
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
 0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  E219 E000  group=CC
 0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  E219 E000  group=CC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/shaping/SedanSC-EmptyFeature-Subset.txt b/tests/data/shaping/SedanSC-EmptyFeature-Subset.txt
index be8834bae..4abaf6741 100644
--- a/tests/data/shaping/SedanSC-EmptyFeature-Subset.txt
+++ b/tests/data/shaping/SedanSC-EmptyFeature-Subset.txt
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 0x80              07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 0xFF +kern -liga  07CA 07CB 07CC  =>  07CA 07CB 07CC  group=CCC
 === devanagari ===
-0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 093F 0937  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0915 094D 0937 093F  =>  0915 094D 0937 093F  group=CCCC
 === bengali ===
-0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09BF 09B7  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0x80              0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  =>  0995 09CD 09B7 09BF  group=CCCC
 === gurmukhi ===
-0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
-0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A3F 0A38  group=CCCC
+0xFF              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0x80              0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
+0xFF +kern -liga  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  =>  0A15 0A4D 0A38 0A3F  group=CCCC
 === tamil ===
 0xFF              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
 0x80              0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  =>  0B95 0BCD 0BB7 0BBF  group=CCCC
diff --git a/tests/data/snapshots/tai-tham-sakot.pdf b/tests/data/snapshots/tai-tham-sakot.pdf
index e55cd21af..f1f33e900 100644
Binary files a/tests/data/snapshots/tai-tham-sakot.pdf and b/tests/data/snapshots/tai-tham-sakot.pdf differ
diff --git a/tests/data/subset/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.json b/tests/data/subset/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88db6e53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/subset/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.json
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+{
+    "_": "Generated by composer subset:update. See tests/Mpdf/Fonts/SubsetGoldenMaster.php.",
+    "useOTL=0x00": {
+        "characters": 9,
+        "makeSubset": {
+            "bytes": 2172,
+            "sha256": "daed5a8a702380648982d2f7e9da14ac5f8f3d5404fb967c863fddae6ff08313",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x805479C8, sha256 9cdd48b09cc447f76c442e442f291973e5714da75917e3f81368e260671a2172",
+                "cmap": "108 bytes, checksum 0x394D146C, sha256 ab74a71cdee3ef547f433849232e56931cce629a6fb644c9be66e18832c4790d",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "1004 bytes, checksum 0x17873991, sha256 b147e21d29e0207fad56ab068b6224b76a19c0a1dbfc102a33c92d69f2e10283",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x1E5ECCDE, sha256 c5648d974758747ac74170cba8c3b40aa54c5915f1962341692d76f20e8f9484",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x068903B5, sha256 e7330e6f902fd111c3cb0932e4da6c2d5ee8208a28a8ba30bd33515f007c69c8",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x111C007C, sha256 793b6cad091178302ca7acf847b6a98b3f1d3fb83671c6456914464e17a3dd3e",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x047C054C, sha256 d7a03b8d662bbcbf0886ecac8efc8edeea8a1144b9c08cf4f003b45e9922c56a",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x00120045, sha256 9b5303cdff58e0fc16dbdeec5fc8df4437bd1daf3b8feb4d9bc5371f666cbd60",
+                "name": "554 bytes, checksum 0x30964869, sha256 1470a1e9edf83ac4991c1d9303d3425f86dd4bafa480c3c48533b6be07679532",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFF9F0032, sha256 4fdc83d5e42fe44650fe86f15a645d5cc926d07355ba945e1ede42737607bf83"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 600,
+            "codeToGlyph": "9 entries, sha256 27676bbb4e70064f70b3bcbe0ddaa10526e80cd0f75ace6dd28e137393622478"
+        },
+        "makeSubsetSIP": {
+            "bytes": 2152,
+            "sha256": "841c91a3f892f1a848659e146c01baa91548ce5d4a44a1bce1a53996f9268694",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x6633D504, sha256 b29abfebe280b7b9247efba33c975d35734f180921ca523e732af21026e0f8c8",
+                "cmap": "88 bytes, checksum 0x0046009F, sha256 a51feaf8ac92130c6dbb6928e930ab98438f8538e2d11d389bc59faa982dcf4a",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "1004 bytes, checksum 0x17873991, sha256 3e3813ae7fcb41995ce434a59ec7809da764e031159772f810ee8ef726af543b",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x1E5ECCDE, sha256 7ce499c3231416297ac2b4368de966cdb6822e889dc469d8d619f28ecc1c693d",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x068903B5, sha256 e7330e6f902fd111c3cb0932e4da6c2d5ee8208a28a8ba30bd33515f007c69c8",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x111C007C, sha256 9ffe6237ef9b4c84c931452a84f34f09c417f51e5ac1ef50c9cdd7864cfaa26f",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x03E0051A, sha256 a5c051ad4bb0091359bd0da187ad4cfc7a4794bb4e8ce4d647a8ece4dcaa05fd",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x00120045, sha256 9b5303cdff58e0fc16dbdeec5fc8df4437bd1daf3b8feb4d9bc5371f666cbd60",
+                "name": "554 bytes, checksum 0x308F4869, sha256 b26e64e250583c6c3b6d4cdc533d80645cb7e30d08b0bbc6fd11f6eb835764ae",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFF9F0032, sha256 4fdc83d5e42fe44650fe86f15a645d5cc926d07355ba945e1ede42737607bf83"
+            },
+            "maxUniChar": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 600
+        },
+        "repackageTTF": {
+            "bytes": 2224,
+            "sha256": "070934bfa3e32fe6d2dae7fe85a3ccee7f30544f104f93cd616b7c0d9265c87c",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x805479C8, sha256 9cdd48b09cc447f76c442e442f291973e5714da75917e3f81368e260671a2172",
+                "cmap": "92 bytes, checksum 0x5EC8EEB7, sha256 96f224410f3d7266dae94d9626b249591d84eab39e6e3653531088e1a0790b8d",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "996 bytes, checksum 0xB3639DAF, sha256 c9f3a1edbb1e3aee2c874d0401a77a00fd372d34321f0adbf8eef95ba179eaae",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x1E5ECCDE, sha256 c7a47cbfbaaee77576b4f81c920aa21cc074b6b9cdf3e08771f480a3fb9b97b3",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x068903B5, sha256 e7330e6f902fd111c3cb0932e4da6c2d5ee8208a28a8ba30bd33515f007c69c8",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x111C007C, sha256 793b6cad091178302ca7acf847b6a98b3f1d3fb83671c6456914464e17a3dd3e",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x04740542, sha256 3bce5cbaf580b8c53a539a8644b950d6c140731d00189bfaa6a721c8cfadf87b",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x00120045, sha256 9b5303cdff58e0fc16dbdeec5fc8df4437bd1daf3b8feb4d9bc5371f666cbd60",
+                "name": "554 bytes, checksum 0x30964869, sha256 1470a1e9edf83ac4991c1d9303d3425f86dd4bafa480c3c48533b6be07679532",
+                "post": "108 bytes, checksum 0x8B7ABECC, sha256 f00be54574ac6dd29adbf678f195657fd56d5fd05bcc9338426d891783123f0c"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 0
+        }
+    },
+    "useOTL=0xFF": {
+        "characters": 9,
+        "makeSubset": {
+            "bytes": 2172,
+            "sha256": "daed5a8a702380648982d2f7e9da14ac5f8f3d5404fb967c863fddae6ff08313",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x805479C8, sha256 9cdd48b09cc447f76c442e442f291973e5714da75917e3f81368e260671a2172",
+                "cmap": "108 bytes, checksum 0x394D146C, sha256 ab74a71cdee3ef547f433849232e56931cce629a6fb644c9be66e18832c4790d",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "1004 bytes, checksum 0x17873991, sha256 b147e21d29e0207fad56ab068b6224b76a19c0a1dbfc102a33c92d69f2e10283",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x1E5ECCDE, sha256 c5648d974758747ac74170cba8c3b40aa54c5915f1962341692d76f20e8f9484",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x068903B5, sha256 e7330e6f902fd111c3cb0932e4da6c2d5ee8208a28a8ba30bd33515f007c69c8",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x111C007C, sha256 793b6cad091178302ca7acf847b6a98b3f1d3fb83671c6456914464e17a3dd3e",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x047C054C, sha256 d7a03b8d662bbcbf0886ecac8efc8edeea8a1144b9c08cf4f003b45e9922c56a",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x00120045, sha256 9b5303cdff58e0fc16dbdeec5fc8df4437bd1daf3b8feb4d9bc5371f666cbd60",
+                "name": "554 bytes, checksum 0x30964869, sha256 1470a1e9edf83ac4991c1d9303d3425f86dd4bafa480c3c48533b6be07679532",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFF9F0032, sha256 4fdc83d5e42fe44650fe86f15a645d5cc926d07355ba945e1ede42737607bf83"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 600,
+            "codeToGlyph": "9 entries, sha256 27676bbb4e70064f70b3bcbe0ddaa10526e80cd0f75ace6dd28e137393622478"
+        },
+        "makeSubsetSIP": {
+            "bytes": 2152,
+            "sha256": "841c91a3f892f1a848659e146c01baa91548ce5d4a44a1bce1a53996f9268694",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x6633D504, sha256 b29abfebe280b7b9247efba33c975d35734f180921ca523e732af21026e0f8c8",
+                "cmap": "88 bytes, checksum 0x0046009F, sha256 a51feaf8ac92130c6dbb6928e930ab98438f8538e2d11d389bc59faa982dcf4a",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "1004 bytes, checksum 0x17873991, sha256 3e3813ae7fcb41995ce434a59ec7809da764e031159772f810ee8ef726af543b",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x1E5ECCDE, sha256 7ce499c3231416297ac2b4368de966cdb6822e889dc469d8d619f28ecc1c693d",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x068903B5, sha256 e7330e6f902fd111c3cb0932e4da6c2d5ee8208a28a8ba30bd33515f007c69c8",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x111C007C, sha256 9ffe6237ef9b4c84c931452a84f34f09c417f51e5ac1ef50c9cdd7864cfaa26f",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x03E0051A, sha256 a5c051ad4bb0091359bd0da187ad4cfc7a4794bb4e8ce4d647a8ece4dcaa05fd",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x00120045, sha256 9b5303cdff58e0fc16dbdeec5fc8df4437bd1daf3b8feb4d9bc5371f666cbd60",
+                "name": "554 bytes, checksum 0x308F4869, sha256 b26e64e250583c6c3b6d4cdc533d80645cb7e30d08b0bbc6fd11f6eb835764ae",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFF9F0032, sha256 4fdc83d5e42fe44650fe86f15a645d5cc926d07355ba945e1ede42737607bf83"
+            },
+            "maxUniChar": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 600
+        },
+        "repackageTTF": {
+            "bytes": 2232,
+            "sha256": "1f791abccd8fcc26af63ea617893f00f9cb7f118c8c960a8acba38751d9b9d40",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x805479C8, sha256 9cdd48b09cc447f76c442e442f291973e5714da75917e3f81368e260671a2172",
+                "cmap": "100 bytes, checksum 0x5EC8EEE4, sha256 82f1e3137c11b2b5df509fae504c72128e559311b143b570891f83b225628bcc",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "996 bytes, checksum 0xB3639DAF, sha256 c9f3a1edbb1e3aee2c874d0401a77a00fd372d34321f0adbf8eef95ba179eaae",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x1E5ECCDE, sha256 12ad7c04737cce6b56575d034ca25a85f1398f13529371a9f963babcc95630a4",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x068903B5, sha256 e7330e6f902fd111c3cb0932e4da6c2d5ee8208a28a8ba30bd33515f007c69c8",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x111C007C, sha256 793b6cad091178302ca7acf847b6a98b3f1d3fb83671c6456914464e17a3dd3e",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x04740542, sha256 3bce5cbaf580b8c53a539a8644b950d6c140731d00189bfaa6a721c8cfadf87b",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x00120045, sha256 9b5303cdff58e0fc16dbdeec5fc8df4437bd1daf3b8feb4d9bc5371f666cbd60",
+                "name": "554 bytes, checksum 0x30964869, sha256 1470a1e9edf83ac4991c1d9303d3425f86dd4bafa480c3c48533b6be07679532",
+                "post": "108 bytes, checksum 0x8B7ABECC, sha256 f00be54574ac6dd29adbf678f195657fd56d5fd05bcc9338426d891783123f0c"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 0
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/data/subset/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.json b/tests/data/subset/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d16ba2ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/data/subset/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.json
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+{
+    "_": "Generated by composer subset:update. See tests/Mpdf/Fonts/SubsetGoldenMaster.php.",
+    "useOTL=0x00": {
+        "characters": 6,
+        "makeSubset": {
+            "bytes": 1652,
+            "sha256": "1c046042cd31245c1bc344c19b4712174240b9f3a0d04b3fb245b305f5c759f2",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x62867003, sha256 223e1e34a0e510a770c27333b1bd4ed290c3604051892b0ec2a1774c1084e71d",
+                "cmap": "100 bytes, checksum 0x347C3581, sha256 0396bed186025aa7dea024e460be494f3c274717fc34fb406f4392a631f1adab",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "504 bytes, checksum 0x4002F834, sha256 6da5814507f437da72e4c49d9dbc02160678a48700b093bb30b21dbafbb8e5c1",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x21F43A40, sha256 352604018d7734c7f091946407360833734318e959bf6e0950dbb0ca653dd031",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x05500064, sha256 482dc9526afb95617a6bd0f8bd3c894ff478a2518dc1628ca1100767a1797dff",
+                "hmtx": "24 bytes, checksum 0x0CAE020B, sha256 8860e66ee50df9ef3a122950ba40a3a276aae2b3518aacec04d63b3c901e64b4",
+                "loca": "14 bytes, checksum 0x023C01B0, sha256 ed0b5d8a97bc4b6e3afd46bbb4cd83565d44acc1077fadc105fb5aaa41f2fff2",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x000B0078, sha256 49ff426e03fe2641d4dea8eb3c9271e9e5cc2a2a9d8d7ac25c2be28f4181e01e",
+                "name": "560 bytes, checksum 0x303B48C5, sha256 5fa8da46289162eac1235dc1ec4e73ef61f3e2599d5e177cf6e19682e51f1f3e",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFFB80032, sha256 77a232e4db6b60c21f7b76ccf821e3c80c519901f11d10efb8c8df04ca82a4e8"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 619,
+            "codeToGlyph": "6 entries, sha256 e350b4ff46f1c3855ed9dd091c5df0def90c937bffea4c1fb63b6f9e8ebcc16b"
+        },
+        "makeSubsetSIP": {
+            "bytes": 1636,
+            "sha256": "3f8939badfa0fad8c19dae8b5eab7f4965cc441ef0fa5043fcb8af4b1cb24092",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x6865D6A6, sha256 4c3b19c8ae72f32d4bac521a615063fcb8a31d296c1aaea32cf9e2f71e52abed",
+                "cmap": "82 bytes, checksum 0x00420076, sha256 f6d9593a66846b174499232d5c653827aca29fb4afa95c9d48a8b1a05f33bb84",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "504 bytes, checksum 0x4002F834, sha256 dddfaa3e3c129073f11c85fb05e209a376cdf97cc1d85420788af89628478243",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x21F43A40, sha256 2cbbca66ee4647454a0581d60cfb6f64a5a0ab840a987989ce3659a4a865e25c",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x05500064, sha256 482dc9526afb95617a6bd0f8bd3c894ff478a2518dc1628ca1100767a1797dff",
+                "hmtx": "24 bytes, checksum 0x0CAE020B, sha256 9c5e5a96ff0b113f4f5b223cf715a8a9c6f676d5c6e8a591ab02685fb8c182b5",
+                "loca": "14 bytes, checksum 0x01C60150, sha256 fdeab992766afdd530752ec3392a5154df70487c8d3431085edd3634d0b25003",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x000B0078, sha256 49ff426e03fe2641d4dea8eb3c9271e9e5cc2a2a9d8d7ac25c2be28f4181e01e",
+                "name": "560 bytes, checksum 0x303448C5, sha256 4355ebe3a62e2d449df4301d1f39f9fb83e94cf8cf78031a7e9bed4aacfc3379",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFFB80032, sha256 77a232e4db6b60c21f7b76ccf821e3c80c519901f11d10efb8c8df04ca82a4e8"
+            },
+            "maxUniChar": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 619
+        },
+        "repackageTTF": {
+            "bytes": 2028,
+            "sha256": "ecc951d3c33573b3cd98926bd77b6c4c32ce432c24cbeee06128f9bf329a165d",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x62867003, sha256 223e1e34a0e510a770c27333b1bd4ed290c3604051892b0ec2a1774c1084e71d",
+                "cmap": "80 bytes, checksum 0x4EB51B15, sha256 17b5d1e2ebb574ecdc4be5d119434c458894cb47655d442be42b6457e40eb6a7",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "790 bytes, checksum 0x1112BBA1, sha256 ea724f9268c5f7f5d83f111929a2f24bfa6c439df23a9052f70188f3f6ecac1e",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x21F43A40, sha256 ab292f9d49d28251d9cfe9bfe526e43306ffad9cb75696b0bade6925def384bf",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x05500067, sha256 8008d6840a167444cf66260d90c57a3b3d30ad18b892000362c2d5fb32f20aa0",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x0CB0FB43, sha256 d9535bccab58fda90a198a0e37151ec354e4be18ba03e8c7ecb1e220ccce3c4d",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x042204FD, sha256 c1c0faeb02e2f115d0f95e0055d64e70fae8ec176462e0801a7cca14e6aa49ed",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x000E0078, sha256 d313a56897cd4fbd9de4c105d5b4b031af87210ead69c34e17995667cb07f5e0",
+                "name": "560 bytes, checksum 0x303B48C5, sha256 5fa8da46289162eac1235dc1ec4e73ef61f3e2599d5e177cf6e19682e51f1f3e",
+                "post": "124 bytes, checksum 0xD6A58816, sha256 da3f0007e4fbbea000daa270e069659b9c64d7009a83904872045ff341b1e1bd"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 0
+        }
+    },
+    "useOTL=0xFF": {
+        "characters": 9,
+        "makeSubset": {
+            "bytes": 1972,
+            "sha256": "2d03a84a14d09ce0db3a85eb5190164bc55c18285f96c01d525eb3c0fb50590b",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x62867003, sha256 223e1e34a0e510a770c27333b1bd4ed290c3604051892b0ec2a1774c1084e71d",
+                "cmap": "108 bytes, checksum 0x14A8356F, sha256 a4e4463aa089ccb282e6911bdeeba8e4ed85d4f7a8eca51d06f6463e93cb055a",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "800 bytes, checksum 0xA34E2963, sha256 5f7c125c2cad36b939563e8795520acbe479b75d18864a42b46afd948d6b1732",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x21F43A40, sha256 8a3916ebdfc05d6238b64bc900d81e3fcbc082e9f889e26c1afb8fe05f1bdaff",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x05500067, sha256 8008d6840a167444cf66260d90c57a3b3d30ad18b892000362c2d5fb32f20aa0",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x0CB0FB43, sha256 d9535bccab58fda90a198a0e37151ec354e4be18ba03e8c7ecb1e220ccce3c4d",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x042C050A, sha256 9a1dc6179d64bf9997774ee965d64a439c24efd4d0e24b0826f3c5aea31512d1",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x000E0078, sha256 d313a56897cd4fbd9de4c105d5b4b031af87210ead69c34e17995667cb07f5e0",
+                "name": "560 bytes, checksum 0x303B48C5, sha256 5fa8da46289162eac1235dc1ec4e73ef61f3e2599d5e177cf6e19682e51f1f3e",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFFB80032, sha256 77a232e4db6b60c21f7b76ccf821e3c80c519901f11d10efb8c8df04ca82a4e8"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 619,
+            "codeToGlyph": "9 entries, sha256 9391bb61221eced9d8c0f9d990c87a5959d374dad7961cc6a7332108eda0b259"
+        },
+        "makeSubsetSIP": {
+            "bytes": 1952,
+            "sha256": "3d5199e8035ddda5ce042df4917ec92727d43dbfce18afd9f0a769dd8f7e3b84",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x6865D6A9, sha256 c2d76e430d6422a33826a5406025605dd713700f6b8bbeea1e8dbcd7736effbf",
+                "cmap": "88 bytes, checksum 0x0046009F, sha256 a51feaf8ac92130c6dbb6928e930ab98438f8538e2d11d389bc59faa982dcf4a",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "800 bytes, checksum 0xA3502963, sha256 e6ffdbd1a8b846ed5b667ccc76c05ace7bcf6694dc1ec45d69ea2be1950d4aae",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x21F43A40, sha256 06799e26738cdeaba947e7be4b8f3e6166d04bb8925dc072461a56caf17248fd",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x05500067, sha256 8008d6840a167444cf66260d90c57a3b3d30ad18b892000362c2d5fb32f20aa0",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x0CB0FB43, sha256 a35a27ee75aa89f6d12499b6bb4bd1a3efa26988cc76f3f0378e53785dd41a33",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x034E042C, sha256 a49f4272a25d76c957fbb96e2026c1f71a52b75842182d5509c27e7595a69e05",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x000E0078, sha256 d313a56897cd4fbd9de4c105d5b4b031af87210ead69c34e17995667cb07f5e0",
+                "name": "560 bytes, checksum 0x303448C5, sha256 4355ebe3a62e2d449df4301d1f39f9fb83e94cf8cf78031a7e9bed4aacfc3379",
+                "post": "32 bytes, checksum 0xFFB80032, sha256 77a232e4db6b60c21f7b76ccf821e3c80c519901f11d10efb8c8df04ca82a4e8"
+            },
+            "maxUniChar": 65535,
+            "defaultWidth": 619
+        },
+        "repackageTTF": {
+            "bytes": 2048,
+            "sha256": "0a1ed9e2cb68ddfb28d767e661f5d34b484fa35ff83bdf70fd09b7b14f4a05dc",
+            "tables": {
+                "OS/2": "96 bytes, checksum 0x62867003, sha256 223e1e34a0e510a770c27333b1bd4ed290c3604051892b0ec2a1774c1084e71d",
+                "cmap": "100 bytes, checksum 0xF4835587, sha256 04c65ef6477b9a9f8263b94332170dd23672f12dcb4366a2715844bad3df7378",
+                "gasp": "8 bytes, checksum 0x00000010, sha256 4ca731f86ad506ac0e320283dc9461926346de3c4d91d539ea7f6620d3826940",
+                "glyf": "790 bytes, checksum 0x1112BBA1, sha256 ea724f9268c5f7f5d83f111929a2f24bfa6c439df23a9052f70188f3f6ecac1e",
+                "head": "54 bytes, checksum 0x21F43A40, sha256 fad5095b1e69fc129c46063d8f6a623988cfb5480f7003569f25dc1e8dd365df",
+                "hhea": "36 bytes, checksum 0x05500067, sha256 8008d6840a167444cf66260d90c57a3b3d30ad18b892000362c2d5fb32f20aa0",
+                "hmtx": "36 bytes, checksum 0x0CB0FB43, sha256 d9535bccab58fda90a198a0e37151ec354e4be18ba03e8c7ecb1e220ccce3c4d",
+                "loca": "20 bytes, checksum 0x042204FD, sha256 c1c0faeb02e2f115d0f95e0055d64e70fae8ec176462e0801a7cca14e6aa49ed",
+                "maxp": "32 bytes, checksum 0x000E0078, sha256 d313a56897cd4fbd9de4c105d5b4b031af87210ead69c34e17995667cb07f5e0",
+                "name": "560 bytes, checksum 0x303B48C5, sha256 5fa8da46289162eac1235dc1ec4e73ef61f3e2599d5e177cf6e19682e51f1f3e",
+                "post": "124 bytes, checksum 0xD6A58816, sha256 da3f0007e4fbbea000daa270e069659b9c64d7009a83904872045ff341b1e1bd"
+            },
+            "maxUni": 0
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/data/ttf/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.ttf b/tests/data/ttf/NotoSansBengali-GuruScript-Synthetic.ttf
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diff --git a/tests/data/ttf/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.ttf b/tests/data/ttf/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0215a854f
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/data/ttf/NotoSansTaiTham-LanaScript-Synthetic.ttf differ