diff --git a/build-push-notify/action.yml b/build-push-notify/action.yml
index 9ca83c3..fbd75f6 100644
--- a/build-push-notify/action.yml
+++ b/build-push-notify/action.yml
@@ -44,45 +44,93 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - name: Install curl and jq
+    - name: Install curl, jq, buildah and qemu-user-static
       run: |
-        if which curl > /dev/null && which jq > /dev/null; then
-          echo "curl and jq are already installed"
-        else
-          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y curl jq
+        pkgs=""
+        which curl > /dev/null || pkgs="$pkgs curl"
+        which jq   > /dev/null || pkgs="$pkgs jq"
+        which buildah > /dev/null || pkgs="$pkgs buildah"
+        dpkg -s qemu-user-static > /dev/null 2>&1 || pkgs="$pkgs qemu-user-static"
+        if [ -n "$pkgs" ]; then
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y $pkgs
         fi
       shell: bash
+    - name: Configure rootless buildah
+      run: |
+        grep -q "runner:" /etc/subuid 2>/dev/null || echo "runner:100000:65536" | sudo tee -a /etc/subuid
+        grep -q "runner:" /etc/subgid 2>/dev/null || echo "runner:100000:65536" | sudo tee -a /etc/subgid
+      shell: bash
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-    - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
     - name: Login to registry
-      uses: docker/login-action@v3
-      with:
-        registry: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_URL }}
-        username: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
-        password: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+      env:
+        REGISTRY_URL: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_URL }}
+        REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
+        REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+        BUILDAH_ISOLATION: chroot
+      run: |
+        echo "$REGISTRY_PASSWORD" | buildah login -u "$REGISTRY_USERNAME" --password-stdin "$REGISTRY_URL"
+      shell: bash
     - name: Run pre-build commands
       if: ${{ inputs.PRE_BUILD_COMMANDS != '' }}
       env:
         PRE_BUILD_COMMANDS: ${{ inputs.PRE_BUILD_COMMANDS }}
       run: |
-        $PRE_BUILD_COMMANDS
+        while IFS= read -r cmd; do
+          [ -n "$cmd" ] && eval "$cmd"
+        done <<< "$PRE_BUILD_COMMANDS"
+      shell: bash
+    - name: Build and push
+      env:
+        IMAGE_TAGS: ${{ inputs.IMAGE_TAGS }}
+        PLATFORMS: ${{ inputs.PLATFORMS }}
+        CONTEXT: ${{ inputs.CONTEXT }}
+        DOCKERFILE: ${{ inputs.DOCKERFILE }}
+        BUILD_ARGS: ${{ inputs.BUILD_ARGS }}
+        TARGET: ${{ inputs.TARGET }}
+      run: |
+        # Assemble --build-arg flags
+        buildarg_args=()
+        while IFS= read -r arg; do
+          [ -n "$arg" ] && buildarg_args+=(--build-arg "$arg")
+        done <<< "$BUILD_ARGS"
+
+        # Assemble --target flag
+        target_args=()
+        [ -n "$TARGET" ] && target_args+=(--target "$TARGET")
+
+        if [[ "$PLATFORMS" == *","* ]]; then
+          # Multi-platform: build a manifest list, then push to each tag
+          buildah build \
+            --isolation=chroot \
+            --manifest local-manifest \
+            --platform "$PLATFORMS" \
+            -f "$DOCKERFILE" \
+            "${buildarg_args[@]}" \
+            "${target_args[@]}" \
+            "$CONTEXT"
+          while IFS= read -r tag; do
+            [ -n "$tag" ] && buildah manifest push --all local-manifest "docker://$tag"
+          done <<< "$IMAGE_TAGS"
+        else
+          # Single platform: build with explicit tags, then push each
+          tag_args=()
+          while IFS= read -r tag; do
+            [ -n "$tag" ] && tag_args+=(-t "$tag")
+          done <<< "$IMAGE_TAGS"
+          buildah build \
+            --isolation=chroot \
+            "${tag_args[@]}" \
+            --platform "$PLATFORMS" \
+            -f "$DOCKERFILE" \
+            "${buildarg_args[@]}" \
+            "${target_args[@]}" \
+            "$CONTEXT"
+          while IFS= read -r tag; do
+            [ -n "$tag" ] && buildah push "$tag"
+          done <<< "$IMAGE_TAGS"
+        fi
       shell: bash
-    - name: Build
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.2.0
-      with:
-        context: ${{ inputs.CONTEXT }}
-        file: ${{ inputs.DOCKERFILE }}
-        tags: |
-          ${{ inputs.IMAGE_TAGS }}
-        platforms: ${{ inputs.PLATFORMS }}
-        pull: true
-        push: true
-        build-args: ${{ inputs.BUILD_ARGS }}
-        target: ${{ inputs.TARGET }}
     - name : Send notification on Mattermost
       if: ${{ inputs.MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL != '' }}
       env:
diff --git a/code-analysis-notify/action.yml b/code-analysis-notify/action.yml
index 8c653af..b68c908 100644
--- a/code-analysis-notify/action.yml
+++ b/code-analysis-notify/action.yml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ runs:
         fi
       shell: bash
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
     - name: Run checks
       uses: IMIO/code-analysis-action@7969d657a907cb4d3b8e426481ba41a44cb57554  # main as of 2026-03-13
       with:
diff --git a/helm-release-notify/action.yml b/helm-release-notify/action.yml
index 3acacbb..d66c12c 100644
--- a/helm-release-notify/action.yml
+++ b/helm-release-notify/action.yml
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ runs:
         fi
       shell: bash
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
+    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@d72941d797fd3113feb6b93fd0dec494b13a2547 # v1.12.0
       id: app-token
       with:
         app-id: ${{ inputs.APP_ID }}
diff --git a/helm-test-notify/action.yml b/helm-test-notify/action.yml
index cbea9fd..c0cd054 100644
--- a/helm-test-notify/action.yml
+++ b/helm-test-notify/action.yml
@@ -32,26 +32,26 @@ runs:
         fi
       shell: bash
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - name: Set up Helm
-      uses: azure/setup-helm@v4.2.0
+      uses: azure/setup-helm@fe7b79cd5ee1e45176fcad797de68ecaf3ca4814 # v4.2.0
       with:
         version: ${{ inputs.HELM_VERSION }}
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSION }}
         check-latest: true
     - name: Set up chart-testing
-      uses: helm/chart-testing-action@v2.6.1
+      uses: helm/chart-testing-action@e6669bcd63d7cb57cb4380c33043eebe5d111992 # v2.6.1
     - name: Run chart-testing (lint)
       env:
         DEFAULT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
       run: ct lint --chart-dirs . --charts . --target-branch "$DEFAULT_BRANCH"
       shell: bash
     - name: Create kind cluster
-      uses: helm/kind-action@v1.10.0
+      uses: helm/kind-action@0025e74a8c7512023d06dc019c617aa3cf561fde # v1.10.0
     - name: Run chart-testing (install)
     #  run: ct install --chart-dirs . --charts . --target-branch ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
     # can't use it until https://github.com/helm/chart-testing/issues/310 is resolved
diff --git a/k8s-update-tag/action.yml b/k8s-update-tag/action.yml
index 38bd89e..6b485d2 100644
--- a/k8s-update-tag/action.yml
+++ b/k8s-update-tag/action.yml
@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ runs:
       shell: bash
     - name: Install yq
       run: |
-        sudo wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/v4.47.2/yq_linux_amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/yq
-        echo "1bb99e1019e23de33c7e6afc23e93dad72aad6cf2cb03c797f068ea79814ddb0  /usr/local/bin/yq" | sha256sum -c
-        sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/yq
+        wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/v4.47.2/yq_linux_amd64 -O /tmp/yq
+        echo "1bb99e1019e23de33c7e6afc23e93dad72aad6cf2cb03c797f068ea79814ddb0  /tmp/yq" | sha256sum -c
+        sudo install -m 0755 /tmp/yq /usr/local/bin/yq
+        rm /tmp/yq
       shell: bash
     - name: Configure Git and repository
       env:
@@ -40,9 +41,12 @@ runs:
         REPO_URL: ${{ inputs.REPO_URL }}
         TARGET_BRANCH: ${{ inputs.TARGET_BRANCH }}
       run: |
-        git clone "https://${REPO_TOKEN_NAME}:${REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN}@${REPO_URL}" repo
+        # Store credentials in .netrc to avoid leaking them in git URLs / process listing
+        printf 'machine %s\nlogin %s\npassword %s\n' "${REPO_URL%%/*}" "$REPO_TOKEN_NAME" "$REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN" > ~/.netrc
+        chmod 600 ~/.netrc
+        trap 'rm -f ~/.netrc' EXIT
+        git clone "https://${REPO_URL}" repo
         cd repo
-        # Remove credentials from remote URL to avoid leaking them via git remote -v
         git remote set-url origin "https://${REPO_URL}"
         git config --global user.email "github-ci@imio.be"
         git config --global user.name "GitHub Actions CI"
@@ -53,9 +57,6 @@ runs:
         VALUES_FILE_PATH: ${{ inputs.VALUES_FILE_PATH }}
         TAG: ${{ inputs.TAG }}
         TARGET_BRANCH: ${{ inputs.TARGET_BRANCH }}
-        REPO_TOKEN_NAME: ${{ inputs.REPO_TOKEN_NAME }}
-        REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
-        REPO_URL: ${{ inputs.REPO_URL }}
       run: |
         cd repo
         # Update the tag in the values file
@@ -64,5 +65,11 @@ runs:
         # Add and commit changes
         git add "$VALUES_FILE_PATH"
         git commit --allow-empty -m "CI Automated Deploy of $VALUES_FILE_PATH with tag $TAG"
-        git push "https://${REPO_TOKEN_NAME}:${REPO_ACCESS_TOKEN}@${REPO_URL}" "HEAD:${TARGET_BRANCH}"
+        git push origin "HEAD:${TARGET_BRANCH}"
+        # Clear stored credentials
+        rm -f ~/.netrc
+      shell: bash
+    - name: Clean up credentials
+      if: always()
+      run: rm -f ~/.netrc
       shell: bash
diff --git a/plone-package-test-notify/action.yml b/plone-package-test-notify/action.yml
index 8fc5138..98f4ae6 100644
--- a/plone-package-test-notify/action.yml
+++ b/plone-package-test-notify/action.yml
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ runs:
         fi
       shell: bash
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
     - name: Cache eggs
       if: ${{ inputs.CACHE_KEY != '' }}
-      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
       env:
         cache-name: cache-eggs
       with:
         path: ./eggs
         key: ${{ inputs.CACHE_KEY }}
     - name: Install uv and set the python version
-      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@d0cc045d04ccac9d8b7881df0226f9e82c39688e # v6.8.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSION }}
         version: ${{ inputs.UV_VERSION }}
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ runs:
         errors=0
         for command in "${commands[@]}"; do
           echo "Running command: $command"
-          $command || errors=$((errors + 1))
+          bash -c "$command" || errors=$((errors + 1))
         done
         [ "$errors" -eq 0 ]
     - name: Run buildout
@@ -80,13 +80,16 @@ runs:
         BUILDOUT_CONFIG_FILE: ${{ inputs.BUILDOUT_CONFIG_FILE }}
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        $BUILDOUT_COMMAND $BUILDOUT_OPTIONS -c "$BUILDOUT_CONFIG_FILE" buildout:eggs-directory=./eggs
+        read -ra buildout_cmd <<< "$BUILDOUT_COMMAND"
+        read -ra buildout_opts <<< "$BUILDOUT_OPTIONS"
+        "${buildout_cmd[@]}" "${buildout_opts[@]}" -c "$BUILDOUT_CONFIG_FILE" buildout:eggs-directory=./eggs
     - name: Run tests
       env:
         TEST_COMMAND: ${{ inputs.TEST_COMMAND }}
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        eval "$TEST_COMMAND"
+        eval "cmd=($TEST_COMMAND)"
+        "${cmd[@]}"
     - name : Send notification on Mattermost
       if: ${{ inputs.MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL != '' }}
       env:
diff --git a/plone-theme-build-push-notify/action.yml b/plone-theme-build-push-notify/action.yml
index 5633b9f..d574a7a 100644
--- a/plone-theme-build-push-notify/action.yml
+++ b/plone-theme-build-push-notify/action.yml
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ runs:
         THEME_PATH: ${{ inputs.THEME_PATH }}
         ACTION_PATH: ${{ github.action_path }}
       run: |
-        python3 "$ACTION_PATH/theme_uploader.py" "$PLONE_URL" "$PLONE_USERNAME" "$PLONE_PASSWORD" "$THEME_PATH" theme.zip
+        python3 "$ACTION_PATH/theme_uploader.py" "$PLONE_URL" "$THEME_PATH" theme.zip
       shell: bash
     - name : Send notification on Mattermost
       if: ${{ inputs.MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL != '' }}
diff --git a/plone-theme-build-push-notify/theme_uploader.py b/plone-theme-build-push-notify/theme_uploader.py
index fc5a547..664b172 100644
--- a/plone-theme-build-push-notify/theme_uploader.py
+++ b/plone-theme-build-push-notify/theme_uploader.py
@@ -5,20 +5,25 @@
 This script is used to upload a theme to a Plone instance.
 
 Usage:
-    python theme_uploader.py INSTANCE_URL USERNAME PASSWORD THEME_LOCATION
+    python theme_uploader.py INSTANCE_URL THEME_PATH THEME_FILENAME
+
+Environment variables:
+    PLONE_USERNAME  Plone instance username
+    PLONE_PASSWORD  Plone instance password
 """
 
 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 
+import os
 import requests
 import requests.cookies
 import sys
 
 INSTANCE_URL = sys.argv[1]
-USERNAME = sys.argv[2]
-PASSWORD = sys.argv[3]
-THEME_PATH = sys.argv[4]
-THEME_FILENAME = sys.argv[5]
+USERNAME = os.environ["PLONE_USERNAME"]
+PASSWORD = os.environ["PLONE_PASSWORD"]
+THEME_PATH = sys.argv[2]
+THEME_FILENAME = sys.argv[3]
 
 
 def authenticate(
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@ def main():
     session = requests.Session()
     print("Authenticating to Plone instance...")
     response = authenticate(session, INSTANCE_URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
-    if "__ac=deleted" in response.headers["set-cookie"]:
+    if "__ac=deleted" in response.headers.get("set-cookie", ""):
         print("Authentication failed")
         sys.exit(1)
     print("Getting token...")
diff --git a/repository-dispatch-notify/action.yml b/repository-dispatch-notify/action.yml
index 45dd639..453e19b 100644
--- a/repository-dispatch-notify/action.yml
+++ b/repository-dispatch-notify/action.yml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ runs:
         sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y jq
       fi
     shell: bash
-  - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
+  - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@d72941d797fd3113feb6b93fd0dec494b13a2547 # v1.12.0
     id: app-token
     with:
       app-id: ${{ inputs.APP_ID }}
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ runs:
     shell: bash
   - name : Send notification on Mattermost
     if: ${{ inputs.MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL != '' }}
-    uses: IMIO/gha/mattermost-notify@v4
+    uses: IMIO/gha/mattermost-notify@ec02349a0f486af868fc78489425e65e3b3e0c23 # v6.1.0
     with:
       MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ inputs.MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL }}
       MESSAGE: "Repository dispatch event triggered on repository ${{ inputs.REPOSITORY }}"
   - name : Send failure notification on Mattermost
     if: ${{ failure() && inputs.MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL != '' }}
-    uses: IMIO/gha/mattermost-notify@v4
+    uses: IMIO/gha/mattermost-notify@ec02349a0f486af868fc78489425e65e3b3e0c23 # v6.1.0
     with:
       MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ inputs.MATTERMOST_WEBHOOK_URL }}
       MESSAGE: "An error has been encountered while dispatching the event on repository ${{ inputs.REPOSITORY }}"
diff --git a/rundeck-notify/action.yml b/rundeck-notify/action.yml
index 4edfa5f..1ba0c48 100644
--- a/rundeck-notify/action.yml
+++ b/rundeck-notify/action.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ runs:
         RUNDECK_PARAMETERS: ${{ inputs.RUNDECK_PARAMETERS }}
       run: |
         params=()
-        eval "params=($RUNDECK_PARAMETERS)"
+        if [ -n "$RUNDECK_PARAMETERS" ]; then
+          mapfile -t params <<< "$RUNDECK_PARAMETERS"
+        fi
         curl --fail-with-body "${params[@]}" -H "X-Rundeck-Auth-Token: $RUNDECK_TOKEN" "$RUNDECK_URL/api/18/job/$RUNDECK_JOB_ID/run/" -o rundeck-response.json
         echo "JOB_NAME=$(jq -r .job.name rundeck-response.json)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         echo "JOB_EXECUTION_PERMALINK=$(jq -r .permalink rundeck-response.json)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
diff --git a/tag-notify/action.yml b/tag-notify/action.yml
index 22f1f42..f09d9c5 100644
--- a/tag-notify/action.yml
+++ b/tag-notify/action.yml
@@ -27,32 +27,39 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - name: Install curl and jq
+    - name: Install curl, jq and buildah
       run: |
-        if which curl > /dev/null && which jq > /dev/null; then
-          echo "curl and jq are already installed"
-        else
-          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y curl jq
+        pkgs=""
+        which curl    > /dev/null || pkgs="$pkgs curl"
+        which jq      > /dev/null || pkgs="$pkgs jq"
+        which buildah > /dev/null || pkgs="$pkgs buildah"
+        if [ -n "$pkgs" ]; then
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y $pkgs
         fi
       shell: bash
+    - name: Configure rootless buildah
+      run: |
+        grep -q "runner:" /etc/subuid 2>/dev/null || echo "runner:100000:65536" | sudo tee -a /etc/subuid
+        grep -q "runner:" /etc/subgid 2>/dev/null || echo "runner:100000:65536" | sudo tee -a /etc/subgid
+      shell: bash
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-    - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
     - name: Login to registry
-      uses: docker/login-action@v3
-      with:
-        registry: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_URL }}
-        username: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
-        password: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+      env:
+        REGISTRY_URL: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_URL }}
+        REGISTRY_USERNAME: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
+        REGISTRY_PASSWORD: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+        BUILDAH_ISOLATION: chroot
+      run: |
+        echo "$REGISTRY_PASSWORD" | buildah login -u "$REGISTRY_USERNAME" --password-stdin "$REGISTRY_URL"
+      shell: bash
     - name: Download image
       env:
         REGISTRY_URL: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_URL }}
         IMAGE_NAME: ${{ inputs.IMAGE_NAME }}
         IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs.IMAGE_TAG }}
-      run: docker pull "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$IMAGE_TAG"
+        BUILDAH_ISOLATION: chroot
+      run: buildah pull "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$IMAGE_TAG"
       shell: bash
     - name: Tag image
       env:
@@ -60,12 +67,13 @@ runs:
         IMAGE_NAME: ${{ inputs.IMAGE_NAME }}
         IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs.IMAGE_TAG }}
         NEW_IMAGE_TAGS: ${{ inputs.NEW_IMAGE_TAGS }}
+        BUILDAH_ISOLATION: chroot
       run: |
         set +e
         IFS=$'\n' read -r -d '' -a tags <<< "$NEW_IMAGE_TAGS"
         for tag in "${tags[@]}"; do
           echo "Tagging image with tag $tag"
-          docker tag "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$IMAGE_TAG" "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$tag"
+          buildah tag "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$IMAGE_TAG" "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$tag"
         done
       shell: bash
     - name: Push image
@@ -73,11 +81,12 @@ runs:
         REGISTRY_URL: ${{ inputs.REGISTRY_URL }}
         IMAGE_NAME: ${{ inputs.IMAGE_NAME }}
         NEW_IMAGE_TAGS: ${{ inputs.NEW_IMAGE_TAGS }}
+        BUILDAH_ISOLATION: chroot
       run: |
         set +e
         IFS=$'\n' read -r -d '' -a tags <<< "$NEW_IMAGE_TAGS"
         for tag in "${tags[@]}"; do
-          docker push "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$tag";
+          buildah push "$REGISTRY_URL/$IMAGE_NAME:$tag"
         done
       shell: bash
     - name : Send notification on Mattermost