To mirror a display (for this example, eDP-1 is primary and DP-3 is mirror):
xrandr --output eDP-1 --mode 2256x1504 --pos 0x0 --output DP-3 --mode 1920x1080 --pos 0x0 --transform 1.39,0,-209,0,1.39,0,0,0,1
Coordinate transformation matrix:
$$
\begin{pmatrix}
S_w & 0 & P_x\\
0 & S_y & P_y\\
0 & 0 & 1\\
\end{pmatrix}
$$
$S = S_w = S_h$ for letterboxing. For vertical letterbox bars then $S = \frac{1,504}{1,080} = 1.39$.
$P_x$ and $P_y$ should be negative.
To mirror a display (for this example, eDP-1 is primary and DP-3 is mirror):
Coordinate transformation matrix: