diff --git a/mathics/builtin/list/associations.py b/mathics/builtin/list/associations.py
index ad5750cc2..c2c5fd45b 100644
--- a/mathics/builtin/list/associations.py
+++ b/mathics/builtin/list/associations.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 from mathics.eval.lists import list_boxes
 
 
-class Association(Builtin):
+class Association_(Builtin):
     """
     <url>
     :WMA link:
@@ -57,10 +57,11 @@ class Association(Builtin):
      = {1, 3}
     """
 
-    error_idx = 0
-
     attributes = A_HOLD_ALL_COMPLETE | A_PROTECTED
 
+    error_idx = 0
+
+    name = "Association"
     summary_text = "make an association between keys and values"
 
     def eval_makeboxes(self, rules, f, evaluation: Evaluation):
diff --git a/mathics/builtin/patterns/rules.py b/mathics/builtin/patterns/rules.py
index 2327946cc..5555c00e2 100644
--- a/mathics/builtin/patterns/rules.py
+++ b/mathics/builtin/patterns/rules.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def eval_list(
         return result
 
     def eval(
-        self, rules: Expression, evaluation: Evaluation
+        self, rules: BaseElement, evaluation: Evaluation
     ) -> OptionalType[BaseElement]:
         """Dispatch[rules_]"""
         if not isinstance(rules, Expression):
@@ -489,6 +489,8 @@ def eval_list(
         return result
 
 
+# rocky: I don't know why, but this class seems to need a lot of
+# things that handled differently from normal practice.
 class Rule_(InfixOperator):
     """
 
@@ -510,20 +512,39 @@ class Rule_(InfixOperator):
     """
 
     attributes = A_SEQUENCE_HOLD | A_PROTECTED
+
+    # For some mysterious reason, the below does not work and
+    # we have to do argument checking as code in eval().
+    # eval_error = Builtin.generic_argument_error
+    # expected_args = 2
+
     grouping = "Right"
     name = "Rule"
     needs_verbatim = True
 
-    # FIXME: if we remove this we have problems.
-    # We should be able to get this from JSON.
+    # FIXME: We should be able to get the operator from the JSON operator tables.
+    # However, if we remove the operator class variable assignment, is we have problems.
+    # Run test/format/test_format.py::test_makeboxes_text for details.
     operator = "->"
+
     summary_text = "a replacement rule"
 
-    def eval_rule(self, elems, evaluation):
+    def eval(self, elems, evaluation: Evaluation):
         """Rule[elems___]"""
+
         num_parms = len(elems.get_sequence())
         if num_parms != 2:
             evaluation.message("Rule", "argrx", "Rule", Integer(num_parms), Integer2)
+
+        # "Rule" is a somewhat generic term in WMA and thus Mathics3.
+        # Rule semantics and its implementation change depending on the context that the Rule appears in.
+        # Inside a Set, RuleDelayed, or ReplaceAll expression, the left-hand side of a Rule is a pattern.
+        # But inside an Association or an Option, it is a key-value pair, with no pattern matching applied
+        # to the left-hand side.
+        # As a result, at this point we don't know which context Rule[] might appear, so we have to return
+        # "None" which keeps the Expression the same. Returning "elems" which you might think would be the
+        # same thing, is not correct, since the Head symbol "Rule" can get replaced with "Sequence" symbol
+        # coming into this code.
         return None
 
 
diff --git a/mathics/core/pattern.py b/mathics/core/pattern.py
index 9d729e5f4..69260057f 100644
--- a/mathics/core/pattern.py
+++ b/mathics/core/pattern.py
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ def create(
         Otherwise, if ``expr`` is an ``Atom``, create and return  ``AtomPattern`` for ``expr``.
         Otherwise, create and return and ``ExpressionPattern`` for ``expr``.
         """
+
         name = expr.get_head_name()
         pattern_object = pattern_objects.get(name)
         if pattern_object is not None:
diff --git a/mathics/core/rules.py b/mathics/core/rules.py
index fc623bb9a..a52c9df8a 100644
--- a/mathics/core/rules.py
+++ b/mathics/core/rules.py
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
 arguments, and then apply a Python "evaluation" function to a Mathics3 Expression.
 These kinds of rules are handled by objects in the `FunctionApplyRule` class.
 
-This module contains the classes for these two types of rules.
+Finally, Rules are used as KeyValue pairs in an Association or an Options list.
+Here, no pattern matching is applied to the left-hand side.
+
+This module contains the classes for the first two non-KeyValue types of rules.
 
 In a `FunctionApplyRule` rule, the match status of a rule depends on the evaluation return.
 
@@ -236,13 +239,24 @@ def element_order(self) -> tuple:
         # True used to be self.system. Can we remove True?
         return tuple((True, self.pattern.element_order))
 
+    # The below routines might be needed in the future, if BaseRule becomes
+    # more BaseElement-like. Right now that's not the situation, probably
+    # due to the nature of the generality of Rule which causes
+    # special casing lots of places in the Expression code.
+
+    # def get_head_name(self, short=False) -> str:
+    #     return "Rule" if short else "System`Rule"
+
+    # def get_lookup_name(self) -> str:
+    #     return "System`Rule"
+
     def get_replace_value(self) -> BaseElement:
         raise ValueError
 
     @property
-    def lhs(self) -> BasePattern:
+    def lhs(self) -> BasePattern | Expression:
         """
-        Lefthand side of a rule. Also known as its "pattern".
+        Left-hand side of a rule. Also known, in this context, as its "pattern".
         """
         return self.pattern
 
@@ -351,7 +365,7 @@ def get_replace_value(self) -> BaseElement:
         """return the replace value"""
         return self.replace
 
-    # This will probably be needed when we use with builtin Rule_
+    # # This might be needed in the future.
     # @property
     # def is_literal(self):
     #     """