diff --git a/.changeset/olive-cows-repeat.md b/.changeset/olive-cows-repeat.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c34e9cafe36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/olive-cows-repeat.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/query-core': patch
+---
+
+Ignore a retained `pendingThenable` settlement callback invoked after the thenable has settled. Holding a reference to `resolve`/`reject` and calling it later used to overwrite `status` and `reason` even though the underlying promise had already settled, leaving the thenable advertising a state that disagreed with its value.
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/thenable.test.tsx b/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/thenable.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5540ea58cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/thenable.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { pendingThenable, tryResolveSync } from '../thenable'
+import type { FulfilledThenable, RejectedThenable } from '../thenable'
+
+describe('pendingThenable', () => {
+  it('should start out pending with resolve and reject attached', () => {
+    const thenable = pendingThenable<string>()
+
+    expect(thenable.status).toBe('pending')
+    expect(typeof thenable.resolve).toBe('function')
+    expect(typeof thenable.reject).toBe('function')
+  })
+
+  it('should expose the value and drop the pending props once resolved', async () => {
+    const thenable = pendingThenable<string>()
+
+    thenable.resolve('data')
+
+    expect(thenable.status).toBe('fulfilled')
+    expect((thenable as unknown as FulfilledThenable<string>).value).toBe('data')
+    expect(thenable.resolve).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(thenable.reject).toBeUndefined()
+    await expect(thenable).resolves.toBe('data')
+  })
+
+  it('should expose the reason and drop the pending props once rejected', async () => {
+    const thenable = pendingThenable<string>()
+    const reason = new Error('error')
+
+    thenable.reject(reason)
+
+    expect(thenable.status).toBe('rejected')
+    expect((thenable as unknown as RejectedThenable<string>).reason).toBe(reason)
+    expect(thenable.resolve).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(thenable.reject).toBeUndefined()
+    await expect(thenable).rejects.toBe(reason)
+  })
+
+  it('should not reject a second time after being resolved', async () => {
+    const thenable = pendingThenable<string>()
+
+    thenable.resolve('data')
+    // `reject` is deleted on finalize, so a late caller cannot settle it twice
+    expect(thenable.reject).toBeUndefined()
+
+    await expect(thenable).resolves.toBe('data')
+  })
+
+  it('should ignore a retained settlement callback invoked after it settled', async () => {
+    const thenable = pendingThenable<string>()
+    // a caller can hold on to `reject` before the thenable settles
+    const retainedReject = thenable.reject
+
+    thenable.resolve('data')
+    retainedReject(new Error('error'))
+
+    expect(thenable.status).toBe('fulfilled')
+    expect((thenable as unknown as FulfilledThenable<string>).value).toBe('data')
+    expect((thenable as unknown as RejectedThenable<string>).reason).toBeUndefined()
+    await expect(thenable).resolves.toBe('data')
+  })
+
+  it('should not report an unhandled rejection when nobody awaits it', async () => {
+    const onUnhandledRejection = vi.fn()
+    process.on('unhandledRejection', onUnhandledRejection)
+
+    pendingThenable<string>().reject(new Error('error'))
+    // unhandled rejections are reported after the microtask queue drains
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0))
+
+    process.off('unhandledRejection', onUnhandledRejection)
+    expect(onUnhandledRejection).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+})
+
+describe('tryResolveSync', () => {
+  it('should return undefined for an already resolved native promise', () => {
+    // `then` on a native promise always defers to a microtask, so the data is
+    // never synchronously available
+    expect(tryResolveSync(Promise.resolve('data'))).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('should return the data of a thenable that resolves synchronously', () => {
+    const thenable = {
+      then: (onFulfilled: (value: string) => unknown) => {
+        onFulfilled('data')
+        return Promise.resolve('data')
+      },
+    } as unknown as Promise<string>
+
+    expect(tryResolveSync(thenable)).toEqual({ data: 'data' })
+  })
+
+  it('should support a synchronous thenable whose then() has no catch', () => {
+    // a React thenable is not always a full promise, so `then` may return
+    // something without a `catch` method
+    const thenable = {
+      then: (onFulfilled: (value: string) => unknown) => {
+        onFulfilled('data')
+      },
+    } as unknown as Promise<string>
+
+    expect(tryResolveSync(thenable)).toEqual({ data: 'data' })
+  })
+
+  it('should return undefined when a synchronous thenable resolves with undefined', () => {
+    const thenable = {
+      then: (onFulfilled: (value: undefined) => unknown) => {
+        onFulfilled(undefined)
+      },
+    } as unknown as Promise<undefined>
+
+    expect(tryResolveSync(thenable)).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('should return undefined for a rejected promise without leaving it unhandled', async () => {
+    const onUnhandledRejection = vi.fn()
+    process.on('unhandledRejection', onUnhandledRejection)
+
+    expect(tryResolveSync(Promise.reject(new Error('error')))).toBeUndefined()
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0))
+
+    process.off('unhandledRejection', onUnhandledRejection)
+    expect(onUnhandledRejection).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/thenable.ts b/packages/query-core/src/thenable.ts
index 4b9a1ddaa17..034666d079f 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/thenable.ts
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/thenable.ts
@@ -56,6 +56,13 @@ export function pendingThenable<T>(): PendingThenable<T> {
   })
 
   function finalize(data: Fulfilled<T> | Rejected) {
+    if ((thenable as Thenable<T>).status !== 'pending') {
+      // a caller that kept a reference to `resolve`/`reject` can still invoke it
+      // after the promise settled, which the underlying promise ignores. Applying
+      // it here would leave the status disagreeing with the settled value.
+      return
+    }
+
     Object.assign(thenable, data)
 
     // clear pending props to avoid calling them twice