diff --git a/src/main/appWatcher.ts b/src/main/appWatcher.ts
index 9a42d412..958c622a 100644
--- a/src/main/appWatcher.ts
+++ b/src/main/appWatcher.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type UwpPackageChangeEvent
 } from './core/uwpPackageMonitor'
 import {
+  getLinuxApplicationPaths,
   getMacApplicationPaths,
   getWindowsFlatScanPaths,
   getWindowsRecursiveScanPaths
@@ -66,6 +67,10 @@ class AppWatcher {
       return getMacApplicationPaths()
     }
 
+    if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+      return getLinuxApplicationPaths()
+    }
+
     return []
   }
 
@@ -130,6 +135,22 @@ class AppWatcher {
       return true
     }
 
+    if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+      // .desktop 文件始终监听（无论位于顶层还是子目录）
+      if (basename.endsWith('.desktop')) {
+        return false
+      }
+
+      // 放行 watch 目录下的子目录，便于 chokidar 下钻（flatpak 导出目录、子包目录等）；
+      // 其余文件（.png、.directory、install 缓存等）忽略。
+      try {
+        return !fs.statSync(filePath).isDirectory()
+      } catch {
+        // stat 失败（如 unlink 事件时文件已不存在）：不忽略，交由上层按 .desktop 后缀判断
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+
     return true
   }
 
@@ -147,7 +168,7 @@ class AppWatcher {
     console.log('[AppWatcher] 开始监听应用目录变化(扁平根):', flatRootPaths)
 
     // 递归 watcher
-    // Windows 需要递归监听子目录，macOS 只需要一级
+    // Windows 需要递归监听子目录，macOS/Linux 只需一级（Linux 的 .desktop 直接位于目录下）
     this.recursiveWatcher = this.createWatcher(recursivePaths, isWindows ? 5 : 1, isWindows)
 
     // 扁平根 watcher
@@ -234,6 +255,46 @@ class AppWatcher {
       })
     }
 
+    if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+      // Linux: 监听 .desktop 文件（deb/Flatpak 安装会在应用目录新增 .desktop 文件）
+      watcher.on('add', (filePath: string) => {
+        if (filePath.endsWith('.desktop')) {
+          console.log('[AppWatcher] 检测到新的 .desktop 文件:', filePath)
+          this.notifyChange('add', filePath)
+        }
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 监听内容修改事件。
+    // 关键：用户编辑已有 .desktop 文件（例如把 NoDisplay 从 true 改成 false、
+    // 重新跑 update-desktop-database）只会触发 chokidar 的 'change' 事件，
+    // 不会触发 add / unlink。原实现漏了这个分支，导致编辑已有 .desktop
+    // 文件后 ZTools 的应用缓存永远不刷新。
+    // 这里按平台只监听对应后缀，避免被 Windows 的 .lnk / macOS 的 .app 干扰。
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      watcher.on('change', (filePath: string) => {
+        if (filePath.endsWith('.lnk')) {
+          console.log('[AppWatcher] 检测到快捷方式修改:', filePath)
+          this.notifyChange('add', filePath)
+        }
+      })
+    } else if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
+      // macOS 没有可识别的文件级“应用”句柄，监听顶层 .app 容器目录即可。
+      watcher.on('change', (filePath: string) => {
+        if (filePath.endsWith('.app')) {
+          console.log('[AppWatcher] 检测到应用目录修改:', filePath)
+          this.notifyChange('add', filePath)
+        }
+      })
+    } else if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+      watcher.on('change', (filePath: string) => {
+        if (filePath.endsWith('.desktop')) {
+          console.log('[AppWatcher] 检测到 .desktop 文件修改:', filePath)
+          this.notifyChange('add', filePath)
+        }
+      })
+    }
+
     // 监听删除事件
     if (process.platform === 'win32') {
       // Windows: 监听 .lnk 文件删除
@@ -255,6 +316,16 @@ class AppWatcher {
       })
     }
 
+    if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+      // Linux: 监听 .desktop 文件删除（卸载 deb/Flatpak 会移除 .desktop 文件）
+      watcher.on('unlink', (filePath: string) => {
+        if (filePath.endsWith('.desktop')) {
+          console.log('[AppWatcher] 检测到 .desktop 文件删除:', filePath)
+          this.notifyChange('remove', filePath)
+        }
+      })
+    }
+
     // 监听错误
     watcher.on('error', (error: unknown) => {
       console.error('[AppWatcher] 应用目录监听错误:', error)
diff --git a/src/main/core/commandScanner/linuxScanner.ts b/src/main/core/commandScanner/linuxScanner.ts
index e12136a5..6da5d22a 100644
--- a/src/main/core/commandScanner/linuxScanner.ts
+++ b/src/main/core/commandScanner/linuxScanner.ts
@@ -113,12 +113,24 @@ function getIconSearchPaths(): string[] {
     '/usr/share/pixmaps',
     path.join(home, '.icons'),
     '/usr/local/share/icons',
-    '/usr/local/share/pixmaps'
+    '/usr/local/share/pixmaps',
+    // Flatpak 图标导出目录（与 .desktop 导出目录对应），目录不存在时 readdir 抛错被上层捕获
+    path.join(home, '.local/share/flatpak/exports/share/icons'),
+    '/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share/icons'
   ]
 }
 
 const ICON_EXTENSIONS = ['.png', '.svg', '.xpm']
-const ICON_PREFERRED_SIZES = ['256x256', '128x128', '64x64', '48x48', '32x32', 'scalable']
+// 512x512 靠前：Flatpak 常仅导出 512 尺寸的图标
+const ICON_PREFERRED_SIZES = [
+  '512x512',
+  '256x256',
+  '128x128',
+  '64x64',
+  '48x48',
+  '32x32',
+  'scalable'
+]
 
 /**
  * 在 XDG 图标主题中查找图标文件路径
@@ -144,7 +156,8 @@ async function findIconPath(iconName: string): Promise<string | null> {
     // 先检查各个主题目录下的常用尺寸
     try {
       const entries = await fs.readdir(searchPath, { withFileTypes: true })
-      const themes = entries.filter((e) => e.isDirectory()).map((e) => e.name)
+      // 兼容 symbol link 主题目录（部分发行版将 hicolor 链接到别处）
+      const themes = entries.filter((e) => e.isDirectory() || e.isSymbolicLink()).map((e) => e.name)
       for (const theme of ['hicolor', ...themes]) {
         for (const size of ICON_PREFERRED_SIZES) {
           for (const category of ['apps', 'applications']) {
@@ -232,12 +245,14 @@ function getLinuxDesktopPaths(): string[] {
 
 /**
  * 扫描单个目录下的所有 .desktop 文件
+ * 同时接受普通文件与符号链接：Flatpak 导出目录中的 .desktop 文件是符号链接，
+ * Dirent.isFile() 对 symlink 返回 false，仅用 isFile 会漏掉整个 Flatpak 应用集。
  */
 async function scanDesktopDir(dirPath: string): Promise<string[]> {
   try {
     const entries = await fs.readdir(dirPath, { withFileTypes: true })
     return entries
-      .filter((e) => e.isFile() && e.name.endsWith('.desktop'))
+      .filter((e) => (e.isFile() || e.isSymbolicLink()) && e.name.endsWith('.desktop'))
       .map((e) => path.join(dirPath, e.name))
   } catch {
     return []
diff --git a/tests/main/appWatcher.test.ts b/tests/main/appWatcher.test.ts
index 51ee7bd8..27a2288b 100644
--- a/tests/main/appWatcher.test.ts
+++ b/tests/main/appWatcher.test.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ import chokidar from 'chokidar'
 import path from 'path'
 import appsAPI from '../../src/main/api/renderer/commands'
 import {
+  getLinuxApplicationPaths,
+  getMacApplicationPaths,
   getWindowsFlatScanPaths,
   getWindowsRecursiveScanPaths
 } from '../../src/main/utils/systemPaths'
@@ -201,3 +203,127 @@ describe('AppWatcher 双 watcher 接线', () => {
     expect(uwpMonitorMock.stop).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
   })
 })
+
+describe('AppWatcher Linux 监听', () => {
+  it('Linux 仅创建递归 watcher，路径来自 getLinuxApplicationPaths（depth:1）', () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'linux', configurable: true })
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    expect(watchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    const [recursivePaths, recursiveOpts] = watchMock.mock.calls[0]
+    expect(recursiveOpts?.depth).toBe(1)
+    expect(recursivePaths).toEqual(getLinuxApplicationPaths())
+  })
+
+  it('.desktop add/unlink 事件路由到防抖 notifyChange → refreshAppsCache', () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'linux', configurable: true })
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    const recursiveWatcher = watchMock.mock.results[0].value as MockWatcherApi
+    const desktopPath = path.join(getLinuxApplicationPaths()[0], 'NewApp.desktop')
+
+    // add 事件：防抖未到时不刷新
+    recursiveWatcher.__emit('add', desktopPath)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    // 推进防抖窗口（DEBOUNCE_DELAY = 1000ms）后刷新
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+    // unlink 事件同样触发刷新
+    recursiveWatcher.__emit('unlink', desktopPath)
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+  })
+
+  it('非 .desktop 文件事件不触发刷新', () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'linux', configurable: true })
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    const recursiveWatcher = watchMock.mock.results[0].value as MockWatcherApi
+
+    recursiveWatcher.__emit('add', path.join(getLinuxApplicationPaths()[0], 'notes.txt'))
+    recursiveWatcher.__emit('unlink', path.join(getLinuxApplicationPaths()[0], 'notes.txt'))
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+})
+
+describe('AppWatcher change 事件处理', () => {
+  it('Linux: .desktop change 路由到防抖 notifyChange → refreshAppsCache', () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'linux', configurable: true })
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    const recursiveWatcher = watchMock.mock.results[0].value as MockWatcherApi
+    const desktopPath = path.join(getLinuxApplicationPaths()[0], 'EditedApp.desktop')
+
+    // change 事件：防抖未到时不刷新
+    recursiveWatcher.__emit('change', desktopPath)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    // 推进防抖窗口后刷新
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('Linux: 非 .desktop 文件 change 不触发刷新', () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'linux', configurable: true })
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    const recursiveWatcher = watchMock.mock.results[0].value as MockWatcherApi
+
+    recursiveWatcher.__emit('change', path.join(getLinuxApplicationPaths()[0], 'notes.txt'))
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('Win32: .lnk change 路由到防抖 notifyChange → refreshAppsCache', () => {
+    // beforeEach 默认 stub 为 win32
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    const flatWatcher = watchMock.mock.results[1].value as {
+      __emit: (event: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void
+    }
+    const rootPath = getWindowsFlatScanPaths()[0]
+    const lnkPath = path.join(rootPath, 'EditedApp.lnk')
+
+    flatWatcher.__emit('change', lnkPath)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('Win32: 非 .lnk 文件 change 不触发刷新', () => {
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    const flatWatcher = watchMock.mock.results[1].value as {
+      __emit: (event: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void
+    }
+
+    flatWatcher.__emit('change', path.join(getWindowsFlatScanPaths()[0], 'notes.txt'))
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('macOS: .app change 路由到防抖 notifyChange → refreshAppsCache', () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', { value: 'darwin', configurable: true })
+    appWatcher.init({} as never)
+
+    const watchMock = vi.mocked(chokidar.watch)
+    const recursiveWatcher = watchMock.mock.results[0].value as MockWatcherApi
+    const appPath = path.join(getMacApplicationPaths()[0], 'EditedApp.app')
+
+    recursiveWatcher.__emit('change', appPath)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000)
+    expect(appsAPI.refreshAppsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/main/linuxScanner.test.ts b/tests/main/linuxScanner.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be622966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/main/linuxScanner.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest'
+import fs from 'fs'
+import os from 'os'
+import path from 'path'
+
+// linuxScanner → ../../utils/common → core/native/index → *.node?asset，
+// vitest 无法解析原生模块，因此 mock 掉 common 中仅用的 extractAcronym。
+vi.mock('../../src/main/utils/common', () => ({
+  extractAcronym: (name: string) =>
+    name
+      .split(/[\s-]+/)
+      .map((w) => w[0])
+      .join('')
+      .toLowerCase()
+}))
+
+// linuxScanner.scanApplications 依赖真实文件系统：
+// - getLinuxDesktopPaths() 使用 os.homedir() + XDG_DATA_DIRS
+// - Flatpak 目录会额外扫描硬编码的 /var/lib/flatpak/...（若存在）
+// 因此本测试把 homedir 指到临时目录，并只断言「我们的 .desktop 被收集」，
+// 不受测试机是否装有真实 Flatpak 应用影响。
+
+let tempBase: string
+let originalXdgDataDirs: string | undefined
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  tempBase = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ztools-linux-scan-'))
+  originalXdgDataDirs = process.env.XDG_DATA_DIRS
+  // 将 XDG_DATA_DIRS 指向临时目录，避免扫描真实 /usr/share
+  process.env.XDG_DATA_DIRS = path.join(tempBase, 'share')
+  // 将 homedir 重定向，使用户级/Flatpak 用户级目录落在临时目录内
+  vi.spyOn(os, 'homedir').mockReturnValue(tempBase)
+})
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks()
+  if (originalXdgDataDirs === undefined) {
+    delete process.env.XDG_DATA_DIRS
+  } else {
+    process.env.XDG_DATA_DIRS = originalXdgDataDirs
+  }
+  fs.rmSync(tempBase, { recursive: true, force: true })
+})
+
+describe('linuxScanner 收集 Flatpak 符号链接 .desktop', () => {
+  it('普通 .desktop 与符号链接 .desktop 都会被扫描到', async () => {
+    // 用户级应用目录
+    const userApps = path.join(tempBase, '.local', 'share', 'applications')
+    fs.mkdirSync(userApps, { recursive: true })
+
+    // 1) 普通 .desktop 文件
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+      path.join(userApps, 'normal.desktop'),
+      `[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=Normal App
+Exec=/usr/bin/normal
+`
+    )
+
+    // 2) 模拟 Flatpak 导出：.desktop 是指向目录外真实文件的符号链接
+    const targetsDir = path.join(tempBase, 'targets')
+    fs.mkdirSync(targetsDir, { recursive: true })
+    const targetFile = path.join(targetsDir, 'flatpak-app')
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+      targetFile,
+      `[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=Flatpak App
+Exec=flatpak run org.example.App
+`
+    )
+    fs.symlinkSync(targetFile, path.join(userApps, 'org.example.App.desktop'))
+
+    const { scanApplications } = await import('../../src/main/core/commandScanner/linuxScanner')
+    const apps = await scanApplications()
+    const names = apps.map((a) => a.name)
+
+    expect(names).toContain('Normal App')
+    expect(names).toContain('Flatpak App')
+  })
+})