diff --git a/airflow-core/src/airflow/api_fastapi/execution_api/routes/task_instances.py b/airflow-core/src/airflow/api_fastapi/execution_api/routes/task_instances.py
index b45aa4e265560..41ecf49b053fb 100644
--- a/airflow-core/src/airflow/api_fastapi/execution_api/routes/task_instances.py
+++ b/airflow-core/src/airflow/api_fastapi/execution_api/routes/task_instances.py
@@ -469,6 +469,7 @@ def ti_update_state(
             "Error updating Task Instance state. Setting the task to failed.",
             payload=ti_patch_payload,
         )
+        session.rollback()
         ti = session.get(TI, task_instance_id, with_for_update={"of": TI})
         if session.bind is not None:
             query = TI.duration_expression_update(timezone.utcnow(), query, session.bind)
diff --git a/airflow-core/tests/unit/api_fastapi/execution_api/versions/head/test_task_instances.py b/airflow-core/tests/unit/api_fastapi/execution_api/versions/head/test_task_instances.py
index a744db8bf10fe..bb3c0f7e5a785 100644
--- a/airflow-core/tests/unit/api_fastapi/execution_api/versions/head/test_task_instances.py
+++ b/airflow-core/tests/unit/api_fastapi/execution_api/versions/head/test_task_instances.py
@@ -1331,6 +1331,48 @@ def test_ti_update_state_to_success_runs_deferred_asset_listener_callbacks(
         assert asset_listener.changed[0].uri == "s3://bucket/my-task"
         assert len(asset_listener.emitted) == 1
 
+    def test_ti_update_state_to_success_rolls_back_partial_asset_registration(
+        self, client, session, create_task_instance
+    ):
+        """A failure partway through asset registration rolls back the partial writes.
+
+        The endpoint's exception handler marks the TI failed and commits; the explicit rollback
+        ensures an asset event flushed before the failure is not committed alongside it.
+        """
+        asset = AssetModel(id=1, name="my-task", uri="s3://bucket/my-task", group="asset", extra={})
+        session.add_all([asset, AssetActive.for_asset(asset)])
+
+        ti = create_task_instance(
+            task_id="test_ti_update_state_to_success_rolls_back_partial_asset_registration",
+            start_date=DEFAULT_START_DATE,
+            state=State.RUNNING,
+        )
+        session.commit()
+
+        def _partial_then_fail(ti, task_outlets, outlet_events, *, session):
+            # Simulate a half-way registration: an asset event is flushed, then registration
+            # fails before the endpoint commits.
+            session.add(AssetEvent(asset_id=asset.id))
+            session.flush()
+            raise RuntimeError("boom partway through outlets")
+
+        with mock.patch.object(TaskInstance, "register_asset_changes_in_db", side_effect=_partial_then_fail):
+            response = client.patch(
+                f"/execution/task-instances/{ti.id}/state",
+                json={
+                    "state": "success",
+                    "end_date": DEFAULT_END_DATE.isoformat(),
+                    "task_outlets": [{"name": "my-task", "uri": "s3://bucket/my-task", "type": "Asset"}],
+                    "outlet_events": [],
+                },
+            )
+
+        assert response.status_code == 204
+        session.expire_all()
+        # The partially-written asset event was rolled back, and the TI is marked failed.
+        assert session.scalars(select(AssetEvent)).all() == []
+        assert session.get(TaskInstance, ti.id).state == State.FAILED
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         ("outlet_events", "expected_extra"),
         [