diff --git a/MODULE.bazel b/MODULE.bazel
index 8e7e9b649e..a03eb49a01 100644
--- a/MODULE.bazel
+++ b/MODULE.bazel
@@ -433,12 +433,14 @@ bazel_binaries.local(
 bazel_binaries.download(version = "7.7.0")
 bazel_binaries.download(version = "8.5.1")
 bazel_binaries.download(version = "9.1.0")
+bazel_binaries.download(version = "10.0.0rc2")
 use_repo(
     bazel_binaries,
     "bazel_binaries",
     # These don't appear necessary, but are reported as direct dependencies
     # that should be use_repo()'d, so we add them as requested
     "bazel_binaries_bazelisk",
+    "build_bazel_bazel_10_0_0rc2",
     "build_bazel_bazel_7_7_0",
     "build_bazel_bazel_8_5_1",
     "build_bazel_bazel_9_1_0",
diff --git a/gazelle/.bazelrc b/gazelle/.bazelrc
index e30216814a..c098d0c392 100644
--- a/gazelle/.bazelrc
+++ b/gazelle/.bazelrc
@@ -19,4 +19,11 @@ build --@rules_python//python/config_settings:incompatible_default_to_explicit_i
 # Windows makes use of runfiles for some rules
 build --enable_runfiles
 
+# Bazel 10 enables --incompatible_no_implicit_file_export by default, which
+# breaks @io_bazel_rules_go//go/private:context: its bzl_library depends on
+# @bazel_tools//tools/cpp:toolchain_utils.bzl, which bazel_tools doesn't
+# export. rules_go v0.61.0+ drops that dep; remove this once rules_go is
+# upgraded.
+common --noincompatible_no_implicit_file_export
+
 common:bazel7.x --incompatible_python_disallow_native_rules
diff --git a/news/3566.fixed.md b/news/3566.fixed.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..301765b62b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/3566.fixed.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+(toolchains) Fixed build tools, such as the precompiler, running with the
+default Python version instead of the target's Python version under Bazel 10
+([#3566](https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_python/issues/3566)).
diff --git a/python/private/config_settings.bzl b/python/private/config_settings.bzl
index e4f2cac9b5..8711f204eb 100644
--- a/python/private/config_settings.bzl
+++ b/python/private/config_settings.bzl
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ def construct_config_settings(
     _python_version_flag(
         name = _PYTHON_VERSION_FLAG.name,
         build_setting_default = default_version,
+        # Propagate the flag into exec configurations so exec tools (e.g. the
+        # precompiler) use the target's Python version. Bazel 10 resets
+        # Starlark flags in exec configurations unless they have universal
+        # scope (https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/26909). It's set
+        # here, not as an attr default, because Bazel ignores scope attr
+        # defaults for flags set on the command line
+        # (https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/31806).
+        scope = "universal",
         visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
     )
 
@@ -206,7 +214,12 @@ def _python_version_flag_impl(ctx):
 _python_version_flag = rule(
     implementation = _python_version_flag_impl,
     build_setting = config.string(flag = True),
-    attrs = {},
+    attrs = {
+        # Read by Bazel, not the implementation, to decide whether the flag
+        # propagates into exec configurations. No default because Bazel only
+        # honors an explicitly set value; see construct_config_settings.
+        "scope": attr.string(),
+    },
 )
 
 def _python_version_major_minor_flag_impl(ctx):
diff --git a/tests/integration/toolchain_target_settings_test.py b/tests/integration/toolchain_target_settings_test.py
index a0c9d42fc3..4be7d54290 100644
--- a/tests/integration/toolchain_target_settings_test.py
+++ b/tests/integration/toolchain_target_settings_test.py
@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ def test_custom_family_without_toolchain_fails(self):
         """
         result = self.run_bazel("build", "//:custom_no_toolchain_test", check=False)
         self.assertNotEqual(result.exit_code, 0, "Expected build to fail")
+        # Bazel 10 reworded "found for types" to "found for target platform".
         self.assert_result_matches(
             result,
-            r"No matching toolchains found for types",
+            r"No matching toolchains found for (types|target platform)",
         )