Ruby 4.0 support

[jtarchie]

This gem does not appear to work with Ruby 4.0.
When compiling, I encounter different errors on Mac and Linux.
It seems to be centered around functionality in the Ruby core C library that has changed.

Not copying stack traces here because it is easily reproducible.

[jtarchie]

I see that your PR passes. I am trying to figure out what the issue was locally.

[corybuecker]

Could you let me know if the version I just published works?

[jtarchie]

When I am back at work on Tuesday morning, the first thing on my list will be this.

[jtarchie]

Looks like our issue is resolved with the latest deployment.

[jtarchie]

It looks like it did not work when it deployed to our Heroku staging environment.

       Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
       
       current directory:
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/bin/ruby extconf.rb
       checking for gcc... yes
       checking for g++... yes
       checking for gcc-ar... yes
       checking for cargo... no
       checking for install_name_tool... no
       checking for $(CARGO_BUILD_TARGET)-install_name_tool... no
       
       current directory:
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics
       make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20260215-6835-h6cw5f
       sitelibdir\=./.gem.20260215-6835-h6cw5f clean
       
       current directory:
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics
       make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20260215-6835-h6cw5f
       sitelibdir\=./.gem.20260215-6835-h6cw5f
       info: downloading installer
       error: $HOME differs from euid-obtained home directory: you may be using sudo
       error: $HOME directory: /tmp/build_home
       error: euid-obtained home directory: /app
       info: profile set to 'minimal'
       info: default host triple is x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
       info: skipping toolchain installation
       
       
       Rust is installed now. Great!
       
       To get started you need Cargo's bin directory 
       (/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/.rb-sys/stable/cargo/bin)
       in your PATH
       environment variable. This has not been done automatically.
       
       To configure your current shell, you need to source
       the corresponding env file under 
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/.rb-sys/stable/cargo.
       
       This is usually done by running one of the following (note the leading DOT):
       . 
       "/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/.rb-sys/stable/cargo/env"
       # For sh/bash/zsh/ash/dash/pdksh
       source 
       "/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/.rb-sys/stable/cargo/env.fish"
       # For fish
       source 
       $"/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/.rb-sys/stable/cargo/env.nu"
       # For nushell
       info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
       info: latest update on 2026-02-12, rust version 1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11)
       info: downloading component 'cargo'
       info: downloading component 'rust-std'
       info: downloading component 'rustc'
       info: installing component 'cargo'
       info: installing component 'rust-std'
       info: installing component 'rustc'
       
       stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu installed - rustc 1.93.1 (01f6ddf75
       2026-02-11)
       
       info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
       info: checking for self-update
       info: using existing install for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
       info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
       
       stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu unchanged - rustc 1.93.1 (01f6ddf75
       2026-02-11)
       
       info: note that the toolchain 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu' is currently in
       use (overridden by environment variable RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN)
       generating target/release/libruby_native_statistics.so (release)
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/.rb-sys/stable/cargo/bin/cargo
       rustc  --manifest-path ./Cargo.toml --target-dir target --lib --profile release
       -- -C linker=gcc -L native=/app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib -C link-arg=-lm -l pthread
           Updating crates.io index
        Downloading crates ...
         Downloaded clang-sys v1.8.1
         Downloaded cexpr v0.6.0
         Downloaded bitflags v2.10.0
         Downloaded shell-words v1.1.1
         Downloaded seq-macro v0.3.6
         Downloaded shlex v1.3.0
         Downloaded unicode-ident v1.0.23
         Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.106
         Downloaded memchr v2.8.0
         Downloaded nom v7.1.3
         Downloaded minimal-lexical v0.2.1
         Downloaded thiserror-impl v2.0.18
         Downloaded regex v1.12.3
         Downloaded itertools v0.12.1
         Downloaded bindgen v0.69.5
         Downloaded magnus v0.8.2
         Downloaded thiserror v2.0.18
         Downloaded rb-sys-build v0.9.124
         Downloaded rb-sys v0.9.124
         Downloaded syn v2.0.115
         Downloaded libloading v0.8.9
         Downloaded glob v0.3.3
         Downloaded regex-syntax v0.8.9
         Downloaded rustc-hash v1.1.0
         Downloaded quote v1.0.44
         Downloaded lazy_static v1.5.0
         Downloaded rb-sys-env v0.2.3
         Downloaded magnus-macros v0.8.0
         Downloaded either v1.15.0
         Downloaded aho-corasick v1.1.4
         Downloaded lazycell v1.3.0
         Downloaded cfg-if v1.0.4
         Downloaded libc v0.2.181
         Downloaded regex-automata v0.4.14
          Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.106
          Compiling unicode-ident v1.0.23
          Compiling quote v1.0.44
          Compiling memchr v2.8.0
          Compiling glob v0.3.3
          Compiling clang-sys v1.8.1
          Compiling libc v0.2.181
          Compiling syn v2.0.115
          Compiling aho-corasick v1.1.4
          Compiling regex-syntax v0.8.9
          Compiling minimal-lexical v0.2.1
          Compiling cfg-if v1.0.4
          Compiling libloading v0.8.9
          Compiling nom v7.1.3
          Compiling regex-automata v0.4.14
          Compiling either v1.15.0
          Compiling bindgen v0.69.5
          Compiling itertools v0.12.1
          Compiling regex v1.12.3
          Compiling cexpr v0.6.0
          Compiling lazycell v1.3.0
          Compiling shlex v1.3.0
          Compiling rustc-hash v1.1.0
          Compiling lazy_static v1.5.0
          Compiling bitflags v2.10.0
          Compiling shell-words v1.1.1
          Compiling rb-sys-env v0.2.3
          Compiling thiserror v2.0.18
          Compiling magnus v0.8.2
          Compiling thiserror-impl v2.0.18
          Compiling magnus-macros v0.8.0
          Compiling seq-macro v0.3.6
          Compiling rb-sys-build v0.9.124
          Compiling rb-sys v0.9.124
       error: failed to run custom build command for `rb-sys v0.9.124`
       
       Caused by:
       process didn't exit successfully:
       `/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/target/release/build/rb-sys-742018ffff6913cc/build-script-main`
       (exit status: 101)
         --- stdout
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RUBY
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_CROSS_COMPILING
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_ruby_install_name
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_platform
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RUBY_ROOT
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RUBY_VERSION
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RUBY
         cargo:rerun-if-changed=build/features.rs
         cargo:rerun-if-changed=build/main.rs
         cargo:rerun-if-changed=build/stable_api_config.rs
         cargo:rerun-if-changed=build/version.rs
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RUBY_STATIC
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_ENABLE_SHARED
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_rubyhdrdir
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_rubyarchhdrdir
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_CPPFLAGS
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_rubyhdrdir
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_MAJOR
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RBCONFIG_MINOR
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS
         cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS
       
         --- stderr
       INFO: using bindgen with clang args:
       ["-I/app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/include/ruby-3.4.0",
       "-I/app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/include/ruby-3.4.0/x86_64-linux", "-fms-extensions",
       "-fstack-protector-strong", "-U_FORTIFY_SOURCE", "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2", "-O3",
       "-fno-fast-math", "-g", "-Wall", "-Wextra", "-Wdeprecated-declarations",
       "-Wdiv-by-zero", "-Wduplicated-cond", "-Wimplicit-function-declaration",
       "-Wimplicit-int", "-Wpointer-arith", "-Wwrite-strings",
       "-Wold-style-definition", "-Wimplicit-fallthrough=0", "-Wmissing-noreturn",
       "-Wno-cast-function-type", "-Wno-constant-logical-operand", "-Wno-long-long",
       "-Wno-missing-field-initializers", "-Wno-overlength-strings",
       "-Wno-packed-bitfield-compat", "-Wno-parentheses-equality", "-Wno-self-assign",
       "-Wno-tautological-compare", "-Wno-unused-parameter", "-Wno-unused-value",
       "-Wsuggest-attribute=format", "-Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn",
       "-Wunused-variable", "-Wmisleading-indentation", "-Wundef"]
         #include "ruby.h"
       
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_DEBUG_H
         #include "ruby/debug.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_DEFINES_H
         #include "ruby/defines.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
         #include "ruby/encoding.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_FIBER_SCHEDULER_H
         #include "ruby/fiber/scheduler.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_INTERN_H
         #include "ruby/intern.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_IO_H
         #include "ruby/io.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_MEMORY_VIEW_H
         #include "ruby/memory_view.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_MISSING_H
         #include "ruby/missing.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ONIGMO_H
         #include "ruby/onigmo.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ONIGURUMA_H
         #include "ruby/oniguruma.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_RACTOR_H
         #include "ruby/ractor.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_RANDOM_H
         #include "ruby/random.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_RE_H
         #include "ruby/re.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_REGEX_H
         #include "ruby/regex.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_RUBY_H
         #include "ruby/ruby.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ST_H
         #include "ruby/st.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_THREAD_H
         #include "ruby/thread.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_THREAD_NATIVE_H
         #include "ruby/thread_native.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_UTIL_H
         #include "ruby/util.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_VERSION_H
         #include "ruby/version.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_VM_H
         #include "ruby/vm.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_WIN32_H
         #include "ruby/win32.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_IO_BUFFER_H
         #include "ruby/io/buffer.h"
         #endif
         #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ATOMIC_H
         #include "ruby/atomic.h"
         #endif
         struct rb_sys__Opaque__RString { struct RString dummy; };
         struct rb_sys__Opaque__RArray { struct RArray dummy; };
         struct rb_sys__Opaque__RData { struct RData dummy; };
         struct rb_sys__Opaque__RTypedData { struct RTypedData dummy; };
       struct rb_sys__Opaque__rb_matchext_struct { struct rb_matchext_struct dummy;
       };
       struct rb_sys__Opaque__rb_internal_thread_event_data { struct
       rb_internal_thread_event_data dummy; };
       struct rb_sys__Opaque__rb_io_internal_buffer { struct rb_io_internal_buffer
       dummy; };
       
       thread 'main' (10642) panicked at
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/ext/ruby_native_statistics/.rb-sys/stable/cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/bindgen-0.69.5/lib.rs:622:31:
       Unable to find libclang: "couldn't find any valid shared libraries matching:
       ['libclang.so', 'libclang-*.so', 'libclang.so.*', 'libclang-*.so.*'], set the
       `LIBCLANG_PATH` environment variable to a path where one of these files can be
       found (invalid: [])"
         note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
       make: *** [Makefile:573: target/release/libruby_native_statistics.so] Error 101
       
       make failed, exit code 2
       
       Gem files will remain installed in
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1 for inspection.
       Results logged to
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/3.4.0/ruby_native_statistics-2.0.1/gem_make.out
       
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:125:in
       'Gem::Ext::Builder.run'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:51:in 'block in
       Gem::Ext::Builder.make'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:43:in
       'Array#each'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:43:in
       'Gem::Ext::Builder.make'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb:44:in
       'Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder.build'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:206:in
       'Gem::Ext::Builder#build_extension'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:240:in 'block in
       Gem::Ext::Builder#build_extensions'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:237:in
       'Array#each'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:237:in
       'Gem::Ext::Builder#build_extensions'
       /app/vendor/ruby-3.4.6/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/installer.rb:844:in
       'Gem::Installer#build_extensions'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:111:in
       'Bundler::RubyGemsGemInstaller#build_extensions'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:30:in
       'Bundler::RubyGemsGemInstaller#install'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb:220:in
       'Bundler::Source::Rubygems#install'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb:55:in
       'Bundler::GemInstaller#install'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb:17:in
       'Bundler::GemInstaller#install_from_spec'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb:133:in
       'Bundler::ParallelInstaller#do_install'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb:124:in
       'block in Bundler::ParallelInstaller#worker_pool'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/worker.rb:62:in
       'Bundler::Worker#apply_func'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/worker.rb:57:in
       'block in Bundler::Worker#process_queue'
         <internal:kernel>:168:in 'Kernel#loop'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/worker.rb:54:in
       'Bundler::Worker#process_queue'
       /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/bundler-2.7.2/lib/bundler/worker.rb:90:in
       'block (2 levels) in Bundler::Worker#create_threads'
       
       An error occurred while installing ruby_native_statistics (2.0.1), and Bundler
       cannot continue.
       
       In Gemfile:
         ruby_native_statistics

This was not with Ruby 4.0 bump. This was just with Ruby 3.4.7.

[corybuecker]

Could you try again? I just published platform-specific versions for x86_64 and arm64.

[jtarchie]

It didn't work. Same issue as above.

[corybuecker]

@jtarchie The error itself makes sense since using the source version of the gem requires libclang. However, it should be using the platform-specific version of the gem. For example, running Docker with the linux/amd64 platform gives me:

docker run -ti --platform linux/amd64 ruby:3.4.6 bash

I then wiped all gems and reinstalled Bundler.

root@093e3dea55a6:/app# gem list

*** LOCAL GEMS ***

bundler (4.0.6)

root@093e3dea55a6:/app# cat Gemfile 
source "https://rubygems.org"

gem 'ruby_native_statistics', '~> 2.0', '>= 2.0.1'

root@093e3dea55a6:/app# bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/...
Resolving dependencies...
Fetching ruby_native_statistics 2.0.1 (x86_64-linux)
Installing ruby_native_statistics 2.0.1 (x86_64-linux)
Bundle complete! 1 Gemfile dependency, 1 gem now installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
root@093e3dea55a6:/app# 

root@093e3dea55a6:/app# cat Gemfile.lock 
GEM
  remote: https://rubygems.org/
  specs:
    ruby_native_statistics (2.0.1-aarch64-linux)
    ruby_native_statistics (2.0.1-x86_64-linux)

PLATFORMS
  aarch64-linux
  x86_64-linux

DEPENDENCIES
  ruby_native_statistics (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.1)

CHECKSUMS
  ruby_native_statistics (2.0.1-aarch64-linux) sha256=52b565c9ace5cadd13ac0c7c09b58019b9c8d68fed532c09b2cf1347c6de10b9
  ruby_native_statistics (2.0.1-x86_64-linux) sha256=114eaa24ac86a50797380da7314e2d67c7d9d6a2195da01bb8f62a66bb1b12b6

BUNDLED WITH
  4.0.6

Could you check to see if the x86_64-linux platform is specified in your Gemfile.lock?