y2038: eliminate false positives with automatic build system detection

The Y2038 addon currently generates false positive warnings when scanning
  codebases that are properly configured for Y2038 safety through build
  system flags, making it impractical for comprehensive codebase analysis.

  This prevents teams from running Y2038 checks across entire projects in
  CI/CD pipelines due to noise from correctly configured code.

  Add automatic build system detection to discover Y2038-related compiler
  flags (_TIME_BITS=64, _FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64, _USE_TIME_BITS64) from:

  - Makefile variants (Makefile, makefile, GNUmakefile, *.mk)
  - CMake files (CMakeLists.txt, *.cmake)
  - Meson build files (meson.build)
  - Autotools scripts (configure, configure.ac, configure.in)
  - Compiler flags passed via cppcheck -D options

  When proper Y2038 configuration is detected (both _TIME_BITS=64 AND
  _FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64), suppress Y2038 warnings and display an
  informational message indicating the configuration source.

  Implement hierarchical directory search up to 5 levels from source files
  to locate relevant build files, with flag precedence: build system >
  compiler flags > source code #define directives.

  Add performance optimizations:
  - Intelligent file caching with TTL-based invalidation
  - UTF-8 BOM handling for cross-platform compatibility
  - Robust import fallback system

  Extend test suite with comprehensive coverage:
  - Compiler flag parsing edge cases (18 test scenarios)
  - Build system detection for all supported formats
  - Caching behavior and performance validation
  - Cross-platform file encoding handling

  This enables organizations to run comprehensive Y2038 analysis on entire
  codebases without false positives from properly configured projects,
  while maintaining detection of actual Y2038 safety issues.

Author: Hiesx

AUTHORS

@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ Ludvig Gunne Lindström
 Luis Díaz Más
 Luís Pereira
 Lukas Grützmacher
+Lukas Hiesmayr
 Lukasz Czajczyk
 Łukasz Jankowski
 Luxon Jean-Pierre

addons/README.md

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ Addons are scripts that analyses Cppcheck dump files to check compatibility with
   Enforces naming conventions across the code. Enhanced version with support for type prefixes in variable and function names.
 + [findcasts.py](https://github.com/danmar/cppcheck/blob/main/addons/findcasts.py)
   Locates casts in the code.
++ [buildsystem.py](https://github.com/danmar/cppcheck/blob/main/addons/buildsystem.py)
+  Detects and parses build system files to extract compiler flags for Y2038 analysis. Supports multiple build systems including Make, CMake, Meson, Autotools, and Bazel.
 + [misc.py](https://github.com/danmar/cppcheck/blob/main/addons/misc.py)
   Performs miscellaneous checks.