diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 4d7ee91575..d6b0d5f07b 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ test = [
     "pytest-unordered>=0.7.0",
     "pytest-xdist>=3.6.1",
     "requests-mock>=1.12.1",
-    "freezegun>=1.5.1",
+    "time-machine>=3.5.1",
     "httpbin>=0.10.2", # indirect to make compatible with Werkzeug 3
     "openai>=1.68.2",
     "testcontainers>=4.15.0",
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/registry.py b/src/dstack/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/registry.py
index 2ce9ea9ffd..e0f67868bb 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/registry.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/registry.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
 from asyncio import Lock
-from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Iterable, Optional
 
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@
     ServiceConnection,
     ServiceConnectionPool,
 )
+from dstack._internal.utils.common import get_current_datetime
 from dstack._internal.utils.logging import get_logger
 
 ACCESS_LOG_PATH = Path("/var/log/nginx/dstack.access.log")
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ async def register_service(
                 models.ChatModel(
                     project_name=project_name,
                     name=model.name,
-                    created_at=datetime.now(),
+                    created_at=get_current_datetime(),
                     run_name=run_name,
                     format_spec=model_schema_to_format_spec(model),
                 ),
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/cli/utils/test_run.py b/src/tests/_internal/cli/utils/test_run.py
index 35bf28a430..dffde505e8 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/cli/utils/test_run.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/cli/utils/test_run.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from rich.table import Table
 from rich.text import Text
 from sqlalchemy import select
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ async def create_run_with_job(
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_db", "image_config_mock")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
 class TestGetRunsTable:
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1), tick=False)
     async def test_simple_run(self, session: AsyncSession):
         api_run = await create_run_with_job(
             session=session, submitted_at=datetime(2023, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/routers/test_registry.py b/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/routers/test_registry.py
index 393b901acc..a9b265d9fc 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/routers/test_registry.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/routers/test_registry.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import re
 import uuid
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
 import httpx
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 
 from dstack._internal.core.errors import SSHError
 from dstack._internal.proxy.gateway.app import make_app
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ async def test_register_same_domain_error(self, tmp_path: Path, system_mocks: Mo
         assert (tmp_path / "sites-enabled" / "443-test-run.gtw.test.conf").exists()
         assert system_mocks.reload_nginx.call_count == 1
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2024, 12, 12, 0, 30))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2024, 12, 12, 0, 30, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_register_with_model(self, tmp_path: Path, system_mocks: Mocks) -> None:
         repo = GatewayProxyRepo()
         client = make_client(tmp_path, repo=repo)
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ async def test_register_with_model(self, tmp_path: Path, system_mocks: Mocks) ->
             ChatModel(
                 project_name="test-proj",
                 name="test-model",
-                created_at=datetime(2024, 12, 12, 0, 30),
+                created_at=datetime(2024, 12, 12, 0, 30, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
                 run_name="test-run",
                 format_spec=OpenAIChatModelFormat(prefix="/v1"),
             )
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/test_stats.py b/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/test_stats.py
index e019aed7f2..f949178a4b 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/test_stats.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/proxy/gateway/services/test_stats.py
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 from textwrap import dedent
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 
 from dstack._internal.proxy.gateway.schemas.stats import Stat
 from dstack._internal.proxy.gateway.services.stats import StatsCollector
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-@freeze_time(datetime(2024, 12, 6, 12, 10, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+@time_machine.travel(datetime(2024, 12, 6, 12, 10, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("access_log", "expected_result"),
     [
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ async def test_collect_stats(access_log: str, expected_result: dict, tmp_path: P
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-@freeze_time(datetime(2024, 12, 6, 12, 10, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+@time_machine.travel(datetime(2024, 12, 6, 12, 10, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
 async def test_collect_stats_after_log_update(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     access_log_path = tmp_path / "dstack.access.log"
     collector = StatsCollector(access_log_path)
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_instances/test_termination.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_instances/test_termination.py
index b9da58fc11..3077fb8e75 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_instances/test_termination.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_instances/test_termination.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from dstack._internal.core.errors import BackendError, NotYetTerminated
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ async def test_terminate_retry(
         await session.commit()
 
         with (
-            freeze_time(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1)),
+            time_machine.travel(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1), tick=False),
             self.mock_terminate_in_backend(error=error) as mock,
         ):
             await process_instance(session, worker, instance)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ async def test_terminate_retry(
         assert instance.status == InstanceStatus.TERMINATING
 
         with (
-            freeze_time(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=2)),
+            time_machine.travel(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=2), tick=False),
             self.mock_terminate_in_backend(error=None) as mock,
         ):
             await process_instance(session, worker, instance)
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ async def test_terminate_not_retries_if_too_early(
         await session.commit()
 
         with (
-            freeze_time(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1)),
+            time_machine.travel(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1), tick=False),
             self.mock_terminate_in_backend(error=BackendError("err")) as mock,
         ):
             await process_instance(session, worker, instance)
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ async def test_terminate_not_retries_if_too_early(
         await session.commit()
 
         with (
-            freeze_time(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1, seconds=11)),
+            time_machine.travel(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1, seconds=11), tick=False),
             self.mock_terminate_in_backend(error=None) as mock,
         ):
             await process_instance(session, worker, instance)
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ async def test_terminate_on_termination_deadline(
         await session.commit()
 
         with (
-            freeze_time(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1)),
+            time_machine.travel(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=1), tick=False),
             self.mock_terminate_in_backend(error=BackendError("err")) as mock,
         ):
             await process_instance(session, worker, instance)
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ async def test_terminate_on_termination_deadline(
         assert instance.status == InstanceStatus.TERMINATING
 
         with (
-            freeze_time(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=15, seconds=55)),
+            time_machine.travel(initial_time + dt.timedelta(minutes=15, seconds=55), tick=False),
             self.mock_terminate_in_backend(error=None) as mock,
         ):
             await process_instance(session, worker, instance)
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_running_jobs.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_running_jobs.py
index 1e13956ca7..6b82e0c3f0 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_running_jobs.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_running_jobs.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
@@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ async def test_pulling_shim_failed(
 
         with (
             patch("dstack._internal.server.services.runner.pool.SSHTunnel") as ssh_tunnel_cls,
-            freeze_time(job.disconnected_at + timedelta(minutes=5)),
+            time_machine.travel(job.disconnected_at + timedelta(minutes=5), tick=False),
         ):
             from dstack._internal.core.errors import SSHError
 
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ async def test_running_job_disconnect_retries_then_terminates(
 
         with (
             patch("dstack._internal.server.services.runner.pool.SSHTunnel") as ssh_tunnel_cls,
-            freeze_time(job.disconnected_at + timedelta(minutes=5)),
+            time_machine.travel(job.disconnected_at + timedelta(minutes=5), tick=False),
         ):
             ssh_tunnel_cls.side_effect = SSHError
             await _process_job(session, worker, job)
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ async def test_max_duration_enforced_by_server(
             patch(
                 "dstack._internal.server.services.runner.client.RunnerClient.from_address"
             ) as runner_client_cls,
-            freeze_time(now),
+            time_machine.travel(now, tick=False),
         ):
             runner_client_mock = runner_client_cls.return_value
             runner_client_mock.pull.return_value = PullResponse(
@@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@ async def test_max_duration_enforced_by_server(
             ),
         ],
     )
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, 30, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, 30, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_gpu_utilization(
         self,
         test_db,
@@ -3148,7 +3148,7 @@ async def test_router_failed_terminates_worker(self):
             result.job_update_map.get("termination_reason_message") or ""
         )
 
-    @freeze_time("2023-01-01 12:00:00Z")
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_router_not_provisioned_within_timeout_defers(self):
         context = self._make_context(
             submitted_at=datetime(2023, 1, 1, 11, 45, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
@@ -3162,7 +3162,7 @@ async def test_router_not_provisioned_within_timeout_defers(self):
         assert out is None
         assert result.job_update_map == {}
 
-    @freeze_time("2023-01-01 12:00:00Z")
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_router_not_provisioned_past_timeout_terminates(self):
         context = self._make_context(
             submitted_at=datetime(2023, 1, 1, 10, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
@@ -3262,7 +3262,7 @@ def _make_context(self) -> _ProcessContext:
             instance_access_revoked=False,
         )
 
-    @freeze_time("2023-01-01 12:00:00Z")
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_submitted_sibling_defers(self):
         context = self._make_context()
         result = _ProcessResult()
@@ -3345,7 +3345,7 @@ async def _fake_session_ctx():
             ),
         )
 
-    @freeze_time("2023-01-01 12:00:00Z")
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_groups_ip_not_ready_defers(self):
         context = self._make_context()
         result = _ProcessResult()
@@ -3556,7 +3556,7 @@ async def _fake_session_ctx():
             ),
         )
 
-    @freeze_time("2023-01-01 12:00:00Z")
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_replica_ip_not_ready_defers(self):
         context = self._make_context(router_ip="")
         result = _ProcessResult()
@@ -3568,7 +3568,7 @@ async def test_replica_ip_not_ready_defers(self):
         assert result.job_update_map == {}
         assert context.job.job_spec.commands == ["echo ${{ groups[0].replicas[0].IP_ADDRESS }}"]
 
-    @freeze_time("2023-01-01 12:00:00Z")
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_replica_ip_ready_substitutes(self):
         context = self._make_context(router_ip="10.0.0.5")
         result = _ProcessResult()
@@ -3579,7 +3579,7 @@ async def test_replica_ip_ready_substitutes(self):
         assert out is not None
         assert context.job.job_spec.commands == ["echo 10.0.0.5"]
 
-    @freeze_time("2023-01-01 12:00:00Z")
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 1, 12, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_nodes_ref_in_service_terminates(self):
         context = self._make_context(
             router_ip="10.0.0.5",
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_runs/test_termination.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_runs/test_termination.py
index 69016a915c..3a4eec04b1 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_runs/test_termination.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/pipeline_tasks/test_runs/test_termination.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from dstack._internal.core.models.configurations import TaskConfiguration
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ async def test_finishes_non_scheduled_run_when_all_jobs_are_finished(
         assert run.lock_expires_at is None
         assert run.lock_owner is None
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 10, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 10, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_reschedules_scheduled_run_and_clears_fleet(
         self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, worker: RunWorker
     ) -> None:
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_events.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_events.py
index 91eb066f58..db8a6286ef 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_events.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_events.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from dstack._internal.server import settings
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 async def test_deletes_old_events(test_db, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
     user = await create_user(session=session)
     for i in range(10):
-        with freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1, i)):
+        with time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1, i), tick=False):
             events.emit(
                 session,
                 message=f"Event {i}",
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ async def test_deletes_old_events(test_db, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
 
     with (
         patch.multiple(settings, SERVER_EVENTS_TTL_SECONDS=5 * 3600),
-        freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 10)),
+        time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 10), tick=False),
     ):
         await delete_events()
 
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_metrics.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_metrics.py
index 1e3900a449..408f85ba61 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_metrics.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_metrics.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ async def test_collects_metrics(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession):
 class TestDeleteMetrics:
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_deletes_old_metrics_running_job(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession):
         user = await create_user(session=session, global_role=GlobalRole.USER)
         project = await create_project(session=session, owner=user)
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ async def test_deletes_old_metrics_running_job(self, test_db, session: AsyncSess
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_deletes_old_metrics_finished_job(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession):
         user = await create_user(session=session, global_role=GlobalRole.USER)
         project = await create_project(session=session, owner=user)
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_probes.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_probes.py
index 22a9ba3383..f441046476 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_probes.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_probes.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from dstack._internal.core.models.configurations import ProbeConfig, ServiceConfiguration
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ async def test_schedules_probe_execution(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession) -
             session, job, probe_num=1, due=datetime(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
         )
         processing_time = datetime(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-        with freeze_time(processing_time):
+        with time_machine.travel(processing_time, tick=False):
             with patch(
                 "dstack._internal.server.background.scheduled_tasks.probes.PROBES_SCHEDULER"
             ) as scheduler_mock:
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_prometheus_metrics.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_prometheus_metrics.py
index 0775723b4d..d0e641abf6 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_prometheus_metrics.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/background/scheduled_tasks/test_prometheus_metrics.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def shim_client_mock(self) -> Generator[Mock, None, None]:
         ) as ShimClientMock:
             yield ShimClientMock.return_value
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_inserts_new_record(
         self, session: AsyncSession, job: JobModel, ssh_tunnel_mock: Mock, shim_client_mock: Mock
     ):
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ async def test_inserts_new_record(
         assert metrics.text == "# prom response"
         assert metrics.collected_at == datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_updates_record(
         self, session: AsyncSession, job: JobModel, ssh_tunnel_mock: Mock, shim_client_mock: Mock
     ):
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ async def test_updates_record(
         assert metrics.text == "# prom new response"
         assert metrics.collected_at == datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_skips_recently_updated(
         self, session: AsyncSession, job: JobModel, ssh_tunnel_mock: Mock, shim_client_mock: Mock
     ):
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ async def test_skips_recently_updated(
         assert metrics.text == "# prom old response"
         assert metrics.collected_at == datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 15, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     @pytest.mark.dockerized(False)
     async def test_skips_non_dockerized_jobs(
         self, session: AsyncSession, job: JobModel, ssh_tunnel_mock: Mock, shim_client_mock: Mock
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ async def test_skips_non_dockerized_jobs(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_db", "image_config_mock")
 class TestDeletePrometheusMetrics:
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 5, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_deletes_old_metrics(self, session: AsyncSession):
         user = await create_user(session=session, global_role=GlobalRole.USER)
         project = await create_project(session=session, owner=user)
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/conftest.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/conftest.py
index 43ee83b736..9459c377c4 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/conftest.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/conftest.py
@@ -19,33 +19,6 @@
 )
 
 
-def _warm_up_route_schemas() -> None:
-    """
-    Build every route's pydantic schemas once, at import time.
-
-    FastAPI builds a route's dependant lazily, on the first request that matches it. Several tests
-    make that first request inside `@freeze_time`, where `datetime.datetime` is freezegun's
-    `FakeDatetime`. pydantic v2 matches `datetime` by exact type and rejects the subclass, so a
-    route with an `Optional[datetime]` query parameter (`after`, `before`) fails to build with
-    `PydanticSchemaGenerationError` — and because `FakeDatetime` mimics `datetime`'s repr, the
-    error names `datetime.datetime` and reads like a production bug.
-
-    Doing this eagerly, before any test freezes the clock, keeps the schemas built from the real
-    types. Nothing in production freezes time, so this is a test-environment fix only.
-    """
-    # FastAPI 0.141 defers this to `_IncludedRouter.effective_candidates()`, reached from
-    # `matches()` on the first request. Duck-typed rather than importing the private class.
-    pending = list(app.routes)
-    while pending:
-        route = pending.pop()
-        build = getattr(route, "effective_candidates", None)
-        if callable(build):
-            pending.extend(build())
-
-
-_warm_up_route_schemas()
-
-
 @pytest.fixture
 def client():
     transport = httpx.ASGITransport(app=app)
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_events.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_events.py
index 0b07e70fdc..1c9149791c 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_events.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_events.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import delete
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ async def test_response_format(self, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient)
         )
         event_ids = [uuid.uuid4() for _ in range(2)]
         with patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=event_ids):
-            with freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)):
+            with time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), tick=False):
                 events.emit(
                     session,
                     "User added to project",
                     actor=events.UserActor.from_user(user),
                     targets=[events.Target.from_model(user), events.Target.from_model(project)],
                 )
-            with freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 1)):
+            with time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 1), tick=False):
                 events.emit(
                     session,
                     "Project updated",
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ async def test_pagination(
         for i in range(5):
             user = await create_user(session=session, name=f"user_{i}")
             users.append(user)
-            with freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, i)):
+            with time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, i), tick=False):
                 events.emit(
                     session,
                     "User created",
@@ -1480,14 +1480,14 @@ async def test_limits_events_regardless_number_of_targets(
         self, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient
     ) -> None:
         users = [await create_user(session=session, name=f"user_{i}") for i in range(3)]
-        with freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0)):
+        with time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0), tick=False):
             events.emit(
                 session,
                 "Users batch created",
                 actor=events.SystemActor(),
                 targets=[events.Target.from_model(users[0]), events.Target.from_model(users[1])],
             )
-        with freeze_time(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 1)):
+        with time_machine.travel(datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 1), tick=False):
             events.emit(
                 session,
                 "User created",
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_fleets.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_fleets.py
index eb817d9362..4182126199 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_fleets.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_fleets.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ async def test_returns_40x_if_not_authenticated(self, client: AsyncClient):
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_fleet(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient):
         user = await create_user(session, global_role=GlobalRole.USER)
         project = await create_project(session)
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ async def test_creates_fleet(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: Async
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_ssh_fleet(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient):
         user = await create_user(session, global_role=GlobalRole.USER)
         project = await create_project(session)
@@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@ async def test_creates_ssh_fleet_with_blocks(
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), real_asyncio=True)
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_updates_ssh_fleet(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient):
         user = await create_user(session, global_role=GlobalRole.USER)
         project = await create_project(session)
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ async def test_updates_cloud_fleet_nodes_target_without_changing_instance_count(
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_errors_if_ssh_key_is_bad(
         self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient
     ):
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_projects.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_projects.py
index ff25357515..7e7be9d0f6 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_projects.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_projects.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ async def test_returns_40x_if_not_authenticated(self, client: AsyncClient):
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_project(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient):
         user = await create_user(session=session)
         project_id = UUID("1b0e1b45-2f8c-4ab6-8010-a0d1a3e44e0e")
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ async def test_forbids_if_no_permission_to_create_projects(
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_public_project(
         self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient
     ):
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ async def test_creates_public_project(
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_private_project_by_default(
         self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient
     ):
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ async def test_creates_private_project_by_default(
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_private_project_explicitly(
         self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient
     ):
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_prometheus.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_prometheus.py
index 8b8910273e..26da89a90e 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_prometheus.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_prometheus.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ def enable_metrics(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
 FAKE_NOW = datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
 
 
-@freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+@pytest.mark.time_machine(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("image_config_mock", "test_db", "enable_metrics")
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_public_keys.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_public_keys.py
index e4dee3895b..c344d9f13f 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_public_keys.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_public_keys.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ async def test_returns_40x_if_not_authenticated(self, client: AsyncClient):
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
     @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_db")
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_adds_valid_public_key(
         self,
         session: AsyncSession,
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_runs.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_runs.py
index 5ba350efb8..e16c81cea7 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_runs.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_runs.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -3571,7 +3571,7 @@ async def test_creates_pending_run_if_run_is_scheduled(
             repo_id=repo.name,
         )
         run_spec.configuration.schedule = Schedule(cron=["5 * * * *", "10 * * * *"])
-        with freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 9, tzinfo=timezone.utc)):
+        with time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 9, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False):
             response = await client.post(
                 f"/api/project/{project.name}/runs/apply",
                 headers=get_auth_headers(user.token),
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_users.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_users.py
index ac7ba24207..b6c5c24485 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_users.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_users.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ async def test_returns_40x_if_not_authenticated(self, client: AsyncClient):
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_user(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient):
         user = await create_user(name="admin", session=session)
         with patch("uuid.uuid4") as uuid_mock:
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ async def test_creates_user(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncC
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_return_400_if_username_taken(
         self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient
     ):
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ async def test_return_400_if_username_taken(
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_returns_400_if_username_invalid(
         self,
         test_db,
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_volumes.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_volumes.py
index e007f928c0..30cab24233 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_volumes.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/routers/test_volumes.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ async def test_returns_40x_if_not_authenticated(self, client: AsyncClient):
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_db", ["sqlite", "postgres"], indirect=True)
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2023, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     async def test_creates_volume(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession, client: AsyncClient):
         user = await create_user(session, global_role=GlobalRole.USER)
         project = await create_project(session)
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_logs.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_logs.py
index 8a8cf3394f..5154f903f1 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_logs.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_logs.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import botocore.exceptions
 import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from dstack._internal.core.errors import ServerClientError
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ class TestCloudWatchLogStorage:
     FAKE_NOW = datetime(2023, 10, 6, 10, 1, 54, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
 
     @pytest_asyncio.fixture
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def project(self, test_db, session: AsyncSession) -> ProjectModel:
         project = await create_project(session=session, name="test-proj")
         return project
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ async def test_poll_logs_exception_other(
             log_storage.poll_logs(project, poll_logs_request)
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs(
         self,
         project: ProjectModel,
@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ async def test_write_logs(
         mock_client.put_log_events.assert_has_calls(expected_put_log_events_calls, any_order=True)
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs_resource_not_found(
         self,
         project: ProjectModel,
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ async def test_write_logs_resource_not_found(
         assert mock_client.put_log_events.call_count == 2
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs_other_exception(
         self,
         project: ProjectModel,
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ async def test_write_logs_other_exception(
             )
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs_not_in_chronological_order(
         self,
         caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ async def test_write_logs_not_in_chronological_order(
         assert "events are not in chronological order" in caplog.text
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs_past_and_future_events(
         self,
         caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
@@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ def _delta_ms(**kwargs: int) -> int:
         ],
     )
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs_batching_by_size(
         self,
         monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ async def test_write_logs_batching_by_size(
         ],
     )
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs_batching_by_count(
         self,
         monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ async def test_write_logs_batching_by_count(
         assert actual == expected
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    @freeze_time(FAKE_NOW)
+    @time_machine.travel(FAKE_NOW, tick=False)
     async def test_write_logs_batching_by_timestamp(
         self,
         project: ProjectModel,
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_volumes.py b/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_volumes.py
index b05455ed31..e77e2591db 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_volumes.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/server/services/test_volumes.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
+import time_machine
 
 from dstack._internal.core.errors import ServerClientError
 from dstack._internal.core.models.backends.base import BackendType
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def test_returns_0_when_no_price(self):
         )
         assert _get_volume_cost(volume) == 0.0
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2025, 1, 31, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2025, 1, 31, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     def test_calculates_active_volume_cost(self):
         volume = get_volume(
             status=VolumeStatus.ACTIVE,
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def test_calculates_active_volume_cost(self):
         )
         assert _get_volume_cost(volume) == pytest.approx(30.0)
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2025, 1, 31, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2025, 1, 31, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     def test_calculates_finished_volume_cost(self):
         volume = get_volume(
             provisioning_data=get_volume_provisioning_data(price=30),
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def test_calculates_finished_volume_cost(self):
         # Cost should be for 15 days out of a 30-day pricing period
         assert _get_volume_cost(volume) == pytest.approx(15.0)
 
-    @freeze_time(datetime(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    @time_machine.travel(datetime(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
     def test_calculates_zero_cost_for_zero_duration_active(self):
         volume = get_volume(
             status=VolumeStatus.ACTIVE,
diff --git a/src/tests/_internal/utils/test_common.py b/src/tests/_internal/utils/test_common.py
index 6f26151bdc..91f8bf0768 100644
--- a/src/tests/_internal/utils/test_common.py
+++ b/src/tests/_internal/utils/test_common.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from typing import Any, Iterable
 
 import pytest
-from freezegun import freeze_time
 
 from dstack._internal.utils.common import (
     batched,
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ def test_local_time(dt: datetime, result: str) -> None:
     assert local_time(dt) == result
 
 
-@freeze_time(datetime(2023, 10, 4, 12, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+@pytest.mark.time_machine(datetime(2023, 10, 4, 12, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc), tick=False)
 class TestPrettyDate:
     def test_now(self):
         now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)