docs: TRI-NET unified positioning (TRI-17)

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Adds TRI-NET unified positioning section per /workspace/TRI-17:

• docs/ARCHITECTURE.md: TRI-NET Unified Positioning (Φ identity / E reasoning / Γ inference, cross-die anchor 0x47C0 Theorem 36.1)
• docs/PHD-RESEARCH-PROGRAM-AND-DISSERTATION.md: Hardware Realization section, chip→chapter mapping

Implemented in PR #706. Purely additive doc update.