diff --git a/docs/src/pages/en/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx b/docs/src/pages/en/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx
index 74ac24d6..190bf6bd 100644
--- a/docs/src/pages/en/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx
+++ b/docs/src/pages/en/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx
@@ -340,4 +340,92 @@ export default function TodoApp() {
}
```
-The file is treated as a client component because of the top-level `"use client"` directive, but the `addItem` function is extracted into a separate server module. This works the same way as defining the server function in a standalone `"use server"` file — the framework handles the extraction automatically.
+The file is treated as a client component because of the top-level `"use client"` directive, but the `addItem` function is extracted into a separate server module. This works the same way as defining the server function in a standalone `"use server"` file — the runtime handles the extraction automatically.
+
+
+## Security
+
+
+Server function calls travel a round-trip across the network: the runtime emits a reference to the function, the client invokes it, and the runtime resolves and runs the function on the server. Two things need to be tamper-evident across that round-trip — the *identity* of the action being called, and any *captured values* that travel with it.
+
+
+### Action identity and bound captures
+
+
+Every server function reference is encoded as a single AES-256-GCM token. The token's plaintext is the pair `(actionId, bound)`, where `bound` is the array of values that were captured by `.bind(...)` or by an inline closure at render time, or `null` for unbound actions. The ciphertext is what the client sees on the wire, and what it sends back when the action is invoked.
+
+```jsx
+function ProfilePage({ userId }) {
+ return (
+
+ );
+}
+```
+
+In the example above, `userId` is captured by the inline server function. The runtime emits a token that bundles both the action's identity and the captured `userId` together. The client never sees `userId` in plaintext, never round-trips it as a separate value, and cannot edit it without invalidating the token's authentication tag — which causes the call to be rejected.
+
+This applies to every form of server function:
+
+- Module-scope `"use server"` functions (no captures → bound is `null`)
+- Inline closures with render-time captures
+- Server-side `.bind(...)` usage to partially apply a server function
+- Bound server references passed as arguments to other server functions
+
+
+### Configuration
+
+
+There is one configuration property to set: a stable encryption secret. Without it, the runtime generates an ephemeral key per process — fine for development, but tokens won't survive a restart or be valid across multiple instances of the server.
+
+```js
+// react-server.config.mjs
+export default {
+ serverFunctions: {
+ secret: process.env.ACTION_SECRET, // 32-byte hex, or any string (hashed to 32 bytes)
+ },
+};
+```
+
+The key resolves in this order:
+
+1. `REACT_SERVER_FUNCTIONS_SECRET` environment variable
+2. `REACT_SERVER_FUNCTIONS_SECRET_FILE` environment variable (path to a file)
+3. `serverFunctions.secret` in the runtime config
+4. `serverFunctions.secretFile` in the runtime config (path to a file)
+5. A random ephemeral key (development fallback only)
+
+
+### Key rotation
+
+
+To rotate without invalidating in-flight tokens, list the prior keys under `serverFunctions.previousSecrets` (or `serverFunctions.previousSecretFiles`). Incoming tokens are tried against the primary key first and then each previous key in turn:
+
+```js
+export default {
+ serverFunctions: {
+ secret: process.env.ACTION_SECRET,
+ previousSecrets: [process.env.ACTION_SECRET_PREVIOUS],
+ },
+};
+```
+
+The same rotation applies to both action identity and bound captures — they share one key.
+
+
+### Client-side `.bind()`
+
+
+When a bound server function is exposed to a client component and the client calls `.bind(...)` to add more arguments, those additional arguments are treated as *runtime arguments*, not as new captures. They travel as ordinary call args (alongside whatever the user passes at invocation), and they are not included inside the encrypted token. This is intentional: only the original server-emitted bound is integrity-protected. Client-added arguments are effectively just the arguments the client chooses to send at call time.
+
+
+### Limitations
+
+
+The token covers the values in the bound array. If a captured value is a `File` or `Blob`, the token covers the slot reference that points to the binary content, but not the binary content itself. Servers that bind server-constructed binary data into a closure should be aware that an attacker controlling the upload could substitute the binary content even with a valid token. In practice, captured `File`/`Blob` values are rare in server function closures.
diff --git a/docs/src/pages/ja/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx b/docs/src/pages/ja/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx
index dfbcd5b5..1be43503 100644
--- a/docs/src/pages/ja/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx
+++ b/docs/src/pages/ja/(pages)/guide/server-functions.mdx
@@ -199,4 +199,93 @@ export default function App() {
);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+```
+
+
+## セキュリティ
+
+
+サーバ関数の呼び出しはネットワーク越しのラウンドトリップを経由します。ランタイムは関数への参照を発行し、クライアントがそれを呼び出し、ランタイムがその関数をサーバ側で解決して実行します。このラウンドトリップにおいて改ざん検知可能であるべきものが二つあります。呼び出される対象アクションの **ID** と、それに伴って渡される **キャプチャされた値** です。
+
+
+### アクション ID とバインドされたキャプチャ
+
+
+すべてのサーバ関数の参照は、単一の AES-256-GCM トークンとしてエンコードされます。このトークンの平文は `(actionId, bound)` のペアであり、`bound` はレンダリング時に `.bind(...)` またはインラインクロージャによってキャプチャされた値の配列、もしくは引数を持たないアクションの場合は `null` です。クライアントが目にするのは暗号文のみで、アクションの呼び出し時にもこの暗号文がそのまま送り返されます。
+
+```jsx
+function ProfilePage({ userId }) {
+ return (
+
+ );
+}
+```
+
+上記の例では、`userId` がインラインのサーバ関数によってキャプチャされています。ランタイムは、アクションの ID とキャプチャされた `userId` の両方を一つのトークンに束ねて発行します。クライアントは `userId` を平文で目にすることはなく、別の値としてラウンドトリップさせることもできず、トークンの認証タグを無効化せずに編集することはできません — 認証タグが壊れた場合、その呼び出しは拒否されます。
+
+これはサーバ関数のあらゆる形式に適用されます:
+
+- モジュールスコープの `"use server"` 関数 (キャプチャなし → bound は `null`)
+- レンダリング時にキャプチャを行うインラインクロージャ
+- サーバ関数を部分適用するためのサーバ側 `.bind(...)` の利用
+- 他のサーバ関数の引数として渡されるバインド済みのサーバ関数参照
+
+
+### 設定
+
+
+設定すべきプロパティは一つだけです — 永続化された暗号化シークレットです。これがない場合、ランタイムはプロセスごとに一時的な鍵を生成します。開発時には問題ありませんが、サーバの再起動を跨ぐトークンや、複数インスタンス間で有効なトークンは得られません。
+
+```js
+// react-server.config.mjs
+export default {
+ serverFunctions: {
+ secret: process.env.ACTION_SECRET, // 32 バイトの hex 文字列、または任意の文字列 (32 バイトにハッシュされます)
+ },
+};
+```
+
+鍵は次の順序で解決されます:
+
+1. `REACT_SERVER_FUNCTIONS_SECRET` 環境変数
+2. `REACT_SERVER_FUNCTIONS_SECRET_FILE` 環境変数 (ファイルへのパス)
+3. ランタイム設定の `serverFunctions.secret`
+4. ランタイム設定の `serverFunctions.secretFile` (ファイルへのパス)
+5. ランダムな一時的な鍵 (開発時のフォールバックのみ)
+
+
+### 鍵のローテーション
+
+
+処理中のトークンを失効させずに鍵をローテーションするには、以前の鍵を `serverFunctions.previousSecrets` (またはファイルの場合は `serverFunctions.previousSecretFiles`) に列挙します。受信したトークンはまず主鍵で検証され、その後、各以前の鍵が順に試されます:
+
+```js
+export default {
+ serverFunctions: {
+ secret: process.env.ACTION_SECRET,
+ previousSecrets: [process.env.ACTION_SECRET_PREVIOUS],
+ },
+};
+```
+
+同じローテーションがアクション ID とバインドされたキャプチャの両方に適用されます — 鍵は一つだけです。
+
+
+### クライアントサイドの `.bind()`
+
+
+バインド済みのサーバ関数がクライアントコンポーネントに渡され、クライアントがさらに `.bind(...)` を呼んで引数を追加した場合、これらの追加引数は新しいキャプチャではなく **ランタイム引数** として扱われます。これらは通常の呼び出し引数 (ユーザが呼び出し時に渡すものと同様) として送られ、暗号化されたトークンには含まれません。これは意図的な仕様です — サーバから発行されたバインドのみが整合性で保護され、クライアントが追加した引数は実質的にクライアントが呼び出し時に送ることを選んだ値に過ぎません。
+
+
+### 制限事項
+
+
+トークンはバインド配列内の値を保護します。キャプチャされた値が `File` や `Blob` の場合、トークンはバイナリコンテンツへのスロット参照を保護しますが、バイナリコンテンツそのものは保護しません。サーバ側で構築したバイナリデータをクロージャにバインドするサーバ関数は、有効なトークンであっても、アップロードを制御する攻撃者によってバイナリコンテンツが差し替えられる可能性があることに注意してください。実際にはサーバ関数のクロージャでキャプチャされる `File` / `Blob` はまれです。
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/react-server/server/action-crypto.mjs b/packages/react-server/server/action-crypto.mjs
index fa4ff437..21196f66 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/server/action-crypto.mjs
+++ b/packages/react-server/server/action-crypto.mjs
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import {
} from "node:crypto";
import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { syncToBuffer } from "@lazarv/rsc/server";
+import { syncFromBuffer } from "@lazarv/rsc/client";
+
let resolvedKey = null;
let previousKeys = [];
@@ -193,21 +196,56 @@ function getPreviousKeys() {
}
/**
- * Encrypt a server function ID using AES-256-GCM with a random IV.
+ * Encrypt an action token (id + optional bound capture array) using AES-256-GCM
+ * with a random IV.
+ *
+ * Bound captures travel inside the encrypted blob using `@lazarv/rsc`'s
+ * `syncToBuffer` — the same wire format `decodeReply` speaks — so typed
+ * values (`Date`, `BigInt`, `Map`, `Set`, `RegExp`, `URL`, `URLSearchParams`,
+ * typed arrays, …) survive the round-trip with full fidelity. A naive
+ * `JSON.stringify` on `bound` would silently lose those types.
+ *
+ * Bundling `(actionId, boundBytes)` into a single AEAD-protected token gives
+ * us tamper-evident bound captures for free: the same primitive that binds
+ * action identity also binds the captured arguments. Bound values never
+ * travel plaintext on the wire, and a malicious client cannot edit them
+ * without invalidating the auth tag.
+ *
+ * Each call produces a unique ciphertext (random IV), so every render emits
+ * fresh tokens even for the same `(actionId, bound)` pair.
*
- * Each call produces a unique token because the IV is randomly generated.
- * This means every render produces fresh, unique action tokens.
+ * Plaintext layout (post-decrypt):
*
- * @param {string} actionId - The original action ID (e.g. "src/actions#submitForm")
+ * `[actionId, boundBytesAsBase64 | null]`
+ *
+ * - `null` → unbound action.
+ * - base64 string → decode to bytes, then `syncFromBuffer` to recover the
+ * typed bound array.
+ *
+ * @param {string} actionId - The original action ID (e.g. "src/actions#submit")
+ * @param {Array | null | undefined} [bound] - Captured bound args, or null/undefined for unbound
* @returns {string} base64url-encoded encrypted token
*/
-export function encryptActionId(actionId) {
+export function encryptActionToken(actionId, bound) {
const key = getKey();
const iv = randomBytes(12);
+ // Serialize the bound array via @lazarv/rsc's sync flight encoder so
+ // typed values survive the round-trip. Returns null when the action
+ // has no bound captures (or an empty array — same wire result either way).
+ let boundEncoded = null;
+ if (Array.isArray(bound) && bound.length > 0) {
+ const buffer = syncToBuffer(bound);
+ boundEncoded = Buffer.from(buffer).toString("base64");
+ }
+
+ // Plaintext is JSON [actionId, base64Bytes | null]. Array (not object)
+ // form keeps the shape stable and avoids JSON-key-ordering ambiguity.
+ const plaintext = JSON.stringify([actionId, boundEncoded]);
+
const cipher = createCipheriv("aes-256-gcm", key, iv);
const encrypted = Buffer.concat([
- cipher.update(actionId, "utf8"),
+ cipher.update(plaintext, "utf8"),
cipher.final(),
]);
const authTag = cipher.getAuthTag();
@@ -216,6 +254,19 @@ export function encryptActionId(actionId) {
return Buffer.concat([iv, authTag, encrypted]).toString("base64url");
}
+/**
+ * Encrypt a server function ID (no bound captures). Thin wrapper over
+ * `encryptActionToken(actionId, null)` kept for callers that don't carry
+ * bound state. Emits the same array-form plaintext, so a token produced
+ * here decrypts cleanly via either `decryptActionId` or `decryptActionToken`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} actionId
+ * @returns {string} base64url-encoded encrypted token
+ */
+export function encryptActionId(actionId) {
+ return encryptActionToken(actionId, null);
+}
+
/**
* Try to decrypt a token with a specific key.
*
@@ -248,28 +299,105 @@ function tryDecryptWithKey(token, key) {
}
/**
- * Decrypt an encrypted action token back to the original action ID.
+ * Parse a decrypted plaintext back into `{ actionId, bound }`.
+ *
+ * Handles two formats:
*
- * Tries the primary key first, then falls back to previous keys (rotation).
+ * - **New (array)**: `[actionId, boundBase64 | null]` — emitted by every
+ * token issued since type-preserving bound landed. `boundBase64` is
+ * either `null` (unbound) or a base64-encoded `syncToBuffer` blob that
+ * decodes to the typed bound array via `syncFromBuffer`.
+ * - **Legacy (plain string)**: just the action id, no bound. Tokens that
+ * pre-date this change (e.g. still in flight from a pre-upgrade render)
+ * decrypt cleanly to `{ actionId, bound: null }`.
+ *
+ * Returns `null` on any structural inconsistency, including a base64 blob
+ * that doesn't survive `syncFromBuffer` (corruption, version skew).
+ *
+ * @param {string} plaintext
+ * @returns {{actionId: string, bound: Array | null} | null}
+ */
+function parseTokenPlaintext(plaintext) {
+ // Legacy: action id as a plain string. Any token that wasn't
+ // JSON.stringified as an array starts with a non-bracket character.
+ if (plaintext.length > 0 && plaintext[0] !== "[") {
+ return { actionId: plaintext, bound: null };
+ }
+ let parsed;
+ try {
+ parsed = JSON.parse(plaintext);
+ } catch {
+ return null;
+ }
+ if (
+ !Array.isArray(parsed) ||
+ parsed.length !== 2 ||
+ typeof parsed[0] !== "string"
+ ) {
+ return null;
+ }
+ const actionId = parsed[0];
+ const boundEncoded = parsed[1];
+
+ if (boundEncoded === null) {
+ return { actionId, bound: null };
+ }
+
+ if (typeof boundEncoded !== "string") return null;
+
+ // Decode the bound bytes via @lazarv/rsc's sync flight decoder. This
+ // recovers typed values (Date, BigInt, Map, Set, RegExp, URL,
+ // URLSearchParams, typed arrays, …) with full fidelity — the same
+ // contract decodeReply gives us for client-supplied args.
+ let bound;
+ try {
+ const bytes = Buffer.from(boundEncoded, "base64");
+ bound = syncFromBuffer(bytes);
+ } catch {
+ return null;
+ }
+ if (!Array.isArray(bound)) return null;
+
+ return { actionId, bound };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decrypt an action token back to its full `{ actionId, bound }` payload.
+ *
+ * Tries the primary key first, then any rotation keys. Returns `null` if
+ * decryption fails (wrong key, tampered ciphertext, malformed plaintext).
*
* @param {string} token - base64url-encoded encrypted token
- * @returns {string | null} The original action ID, or null if decryption fails
+ * @returns {{actionId: string, bound: Array | null} | null}
*/
-export function decryptActionId(token) {
+export function decryptActionToken(token) {
if (!token || typeof token !== "string") return null;
- const key = getKey();
-
// Try primary key, then previous keys for rotation.
- const keysToTry = [key, ...getPreviousKeys()];
+ const keysToTry = [getKey(), ...getPreviousKeys()];
for (const k of keysToTry) {
- const result = tryDecryptWithKey(token, k);
- if (result !== null) return result;
+ const plaintext = tryDecryptWithKey(token, k);
+ if (plaintext !== null) {
+ return parseTokenPlaintext(plaintext);
+ }
}
-
return null;
}
+/**
+ * Decrypt an action token to just the action ID (drops any bound payload).
+ *
+ * Convenience for callers that only need the action identity — registry
+ * lookups, logging, etc. Returns `null` on failure.
+ *
+ * @param {string} token
+ * @returns {string | null}
+ */
+export function decryptActionId(token) {
+ const result = decryptActionToken(token);
+ return result ? result.actionId : null;
+}
+
/**
* Wrap a server reference map (Proxy or static object) with a layer that
* transparently handles encrypted action ID lookups.
diff --git a/packages/react-server/server/action-register.mjs b/packages/react-server/server/action-register.mjs
index 7572a00b..8255da8a 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/server/action-register.mjs
+++ b/packages/react-server/server/action-register.mjs
@@ -1,11 +1,30 @@
import { registerServerReference as _registerServerReference } from "@lazarv/rsc/server";
-import { encryptActionId } from "./action-crypto.mjs";
+import { encryptActionId, encryptActionToken } from "./action-crypto.mjs";
const REACT_SERVER_REFERENCE = Symbol.for("react.server.reference");
/**
* Custom bind for server references that preserves $$typeof, $$id, $$bound,
* and the encrypting $$id getter on bound functions.
+ *
+ * The cached `$$id` token bundles BOTH the action identity and the bound
+ * argument array under AES-GCM. This means the bound captures travel inside
+ * the same authenticated blob that already protects action identity — there
+ * is no plaintext bound array on the wire, and any tampering invalidates the
+ * auth tag. At call time the server decrypts the token, recovers the bound
+ * array, and prepends it to the runtime args before invoking the action.
+ *
+ * `$$bound` is still kept plaintext on the function object for two reasons:
+ *
+ * 1. `Function.prototype.bind` already prepends bound args at JavaScript
+ * invocation time, so the plaintext copy is what makes the function
+ * *callable* server-side.
+ * 2. Progressive-enhancement form rendering (`$$FORM_ACTION` on the client)
+ * reads `$$bound` to materialise hidden form fields. Dropping it would
+ * break PE.
+ *
+ * Only the wire form drops bound — see `resolveServerReference` in
+ * `server-reference-map.mjs` and the @lazarv/rsc serializer.
*/
function createServerRefBind(fullId) {
return function serverRefBind(thisArg, ...boundArgs) {
@@ -38,12 +57,15 @@ function createServerRefBind(fullId) {
writable: false,
});
- // Each bound instance gets its own cached encrypted ID
+ // Each bound instance gets its own cached encrypted token. The token
+ // bundles `(fullId, accumulated)` so both halves are tamper-evident
+ // together; an attacker cannot edit either piece without breaking the
+ // GCM auth tag.
let cachedEncryptedId = null;
Object.defineProperty(boundFn, "$$id", {
get() {
if (!cachedEncryptedId) {
- cachedEncryptedId = encryptActionId(fullId);
+ cachedEncryptedId = encryptActionToken(fullId, accumulated);
}
return cachedEncryptedId;
},
diff --git a/packages/react-server/server/render-rsc.jsx b/packages/react-server/server/render-rsc.jsx
index 6c2d63a7..f05cf20f 100644
--- a/packages/react-server/server/render-rsc.jsx
+++ b/packages/react-server/server/render-rsc.jsx
@@ -65,7 +65,10 @@ import {
import { cwd } from "../lib/sys.mjs";
import { clientReferenceMap } from "@lazarv/react-server/dist/server/client-reference-map";
import { serverReferenceMap as _serverReferenceMap } from "@lazarv/react-server/dist/server/server-reference-map";
-import { decryptActionId, wrapServerReferenceMap } from "./action-crypto.mjs";
+import {
+ decryptActionToken,
+ wrapServerReferenceMap,
+} from "./action-crypto.mjs";
import { requireModule } from "./module-loader.mjs";
import { ScrollRestoration } from "../client/ScrollRestoration.jsx";
@@ -77,6 +80,16 @@ const serverReferenceMap = wrapServerReferenceMap(_serverReferenceMap);
// moduleResolver. The Proxy is keyed by "moduleId#exportName" and returns
// { id, chunks, name, async }. We expose it as resolveClientReference(ref)
// so that @lazarv/rsc's FlightRequest can resolve client components.
+//
+// `resolveServerReference` controls the wire shape of $h chunks. We return
+// `{ id, bound: null }` for every server reference: bound captures (when
+// present) are already bundled into the encrypted `$$id` token via
+// `encryptActionToken` in action-register.mjs, so emitting a plaintext
+// `bound` array on the wire would be redundant *and* would defeat the
+// integrity protection (the token is what's tamper-evident; the array is
+// not). Returning an explicit `bound: null` here tells the @lazarv/rsc
+// serializer to skip its plaintext-bound fallback — see the resolver
+// branch in packages/rsc/server/shared.mjs.
function makeModuleResolver(map) {
return {
resolveClientReference(ref) {
@@ -84,6 +97,11 @@ function makeModuleResolver(map) {
if (!$$id) return null;
return map[$$id];
},
+ resolveServerReference(ref) {
+ const $$id = ref?.$$id;
+ if (typeof $$id !== "string") return null;
+ return { id: $$id, bound: null };
+ },
};
}
@@ -110,13 +128,23 @@ function decodeReply(body, _manifestOrOpts, opts) {
const realOpts = isManifest ? opts : _manifestOrOpts;
const config = getContext(CONFIG_CONTEXT)?.[CONFIG_ROOT];
const configLimits = config?.serverFunctions?.limits;
- if (configLimits) {
- return _decodeReply(body, {
- ...realOpts,
- limits: { ...configLimits, ...realOpts?.limits },
- });
- }
- return _decodeReply(body, realOpts);
+ // Wire the token-decryption hook so any $h chunk inside an action call
+ // body (the callback-arg case — a bound server reference passed as a
+ // value to another action) recovers its bound captures from the
+ // encrypted id and prepends them at bind time. The hook signature
+ // matches the @lazarv/rsc decoder contract: returns null on decrypt
+ // failure, or { actionId, bound } on success.
+ return _decodeReply(body, {
+ ...realOpts,
+ ...(configLimits
+ ? { limits: { ...configLimits, ...realOpts?.limits } }
+ : null),
+ decryptServerReferenceId(id) {
+ const decrypted = decryptActionToken(id);
+ if (!decrypted) return null;
+ return { actionId: decrypted.actionId, bound: decrypted.bound };
+ },
+ });
}
export async function render(Component, props = {}, options = {}) {
@@ -254,11 +282,22 @@ export async function render(Component, props = {}, options = {}) {
if (!(input instanceof Error)) {
if (serverActionHeader && serverActionHeader !== "null") {
- // Decrypt the capability-protected action ID.
+ // Decrypt the capability-protected action token.
+ //
+ // The token bundles `(actionId, bound)` under AES-GCM — see
+ // `encryptActionToken` in action-crypto.mjs. For unbound
+ // actions `bound` is null; for `.bind()`-applied actions
+ // (typically inline closures with render-time captures) it
+ // carries the captured values. Bound never travels plaintext
+ // on the wire, so the call body holds only runtime args.
+ //
// If decryption fails, fall back to the raw header value so
// that plain-text action IDs still work (e.g. during dev).
- const decryptedId = decryptActionId(serverActionHeader);
- const resolvedActionId = decryptedId ?? serverActionHeader;
+ const decrypted = decryptActionToken(serverActionHeader);
+ const resolvedActionId = decrypted
+ ? decrypted.actionId
+ : serverActionHeader;
+ const tokenBound = decrypted?.bound ?? null;
const [, serverReferenceName] = resolvedActionId.split("#");
// Verify the action exists in the server reference map.
@@ -282,7 +321,13 @@ export async function render(Component, props = {}, options = {}) {
if (typeof fn !== "function") {
throw new ServerFunctionNotFoundError();
}
- const boundFn = fn.bind(null, ...input);
+ // Prepend the token-recovered bound captures to the
+ // client-supplied runtime args. Order matches what the
+ // original `.bind(null, ...captures)` produced server-side.
+ const allArgs = tokenBound
+ ? [...tokenBound, ...input]
+ : input;
+ const boundFn = fn.bind(null, ...allArgs);
const data = await boundFn();
return {
data,
@@ -313,8 +358,13 @@ export async function render(Component, props = {}, options = {}) {
}
}
if (formActionId) {
- const decryptedId = decryptActionId(formActionId);
- const resolvedActionId = decryptedId ?? formActionId;
+ // Same token-with-bound contract as the header path —
+ // recover both halves and prepend bound at invocation.
+ const decrypted = decryptActionToken(formActionId);
+ const resolvedActionId = decrypted
+ ? decrypted.actionId
+ : formActionId;
+ const tokenBound = decrypted?.bound ?? null;
const [, serverReferenceName] = resolvedActionId.split("#");
const serverReference = serverReferenceMap[resolvedActionId];
if (!serverReference) {
@@ -333,7 +383,11 @@ export async function render(Component, props = {}, options = {}) {
if (typeof fn !== "function") {
throw new ServerFunctionNotFoundError();
}
- const data = await fn(formInput);
+ // Progressive enhancement passes the FormData as a
+ // single arg; bound captures (if any) come first.
+ const data = tokenBound
+ ? await fn(...tokenBound, formInput)
+ : await fn(formInput);
return {
data,
actionId: resolvedActionId,
diff --git a/packages/rsc/__tests__/flight-bound-args-integrity.test.mjs b/packages/rsc/__tests__/flight-bound-args-integrity.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ad54eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rsc/__tests__/flight-bound-args-integrity.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+/**
+ * Protocol-level tests for token-encoded bound arguments.
+ *
+ * These tests exercise the @lazarv/rsc encode → decode pipeline directly
+ * (no HTTP, no real server) with a stub token-decryption hook supplied by
+ * the host. The point is to validate the wire-protocol contract:
+ *
+ * - When the resolver returns `{ id, bound: null }`, the serializer
+ * emits NO plaintext bound on the wire even when value.$$bound is
+ * a populated array.
+ * - When the decoder is given a `decryptServerReferenceId` hook and
+ * hits a $h chunk whose `id` is a token, the hook is called and the
+ * recovered bound is prepended to the wire-supplied bound (if any)
+ * before binding to the action.
+ * - Tampering with the token causes the hook to return null; the
+ * dispatcher falls back to using the raw id, which (for an opaque
+ * token) won't resolve in the loader → action invocation fails.
+ * - Tampering with the wire-supplied bound (post-token, callback case)
+ * is detectable via the same primitive — the bound prefix the
+ * server uses is recovered from the token and is unaffected by the
+ * wire-supplied tail.
+ *
+ * The crypto primitive is tested in test/__test__/action-crypto.spec.mjs;
+ * here we use a deterministic fake "decryptToken" so failures point at
+ * the protocol wiring.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+
+import * as RscServer from "../server/shared.mjs";
+import * as RscClient from "../client/shared.mjs";
+import { decodeReplyFromFormData } from "../server/reply-decoder.mjs";
+
+const REACT_SERVER_REFERENCE = Symbol.for("react.server.reference");
+
+// ─── Fake token primitive ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// "Token" = `t:`. Pure function of
+// (id, bound), deterministic, easy to inspect in test failures. Real
+// crypto is tested separately.
+function fakeToken(actionId, bound) {
+ return "t:" + JSON.stringify([actionId, bound ?? null]);
+}
+
+function fakeDecryptToken(id) {
+ if (typeof id !== "string" || !id.startsWith("t:")) return null;
+ try {
+ const parsed = JSON.parse(id.slice(2));
+ if (!Array.isArray(parsed) || parsed.length !== 2) return null;
+ if (typeof parsed[0] !== "string") return null;
+ return {
+ actionId: parsed[0],
+ bound:
+ Array.isArray(parsed[1]) && parsed[1].length > 0 ? parsed[1] : null,
+ };
+ } catch {
+ return null;
+ }
+}
+
+// ─── Server reference factory ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// Mimics what react-server's action-register.mjs produces post-Option A:
+// $$id is the token (carrying both action id and bound), $$bound is
+// plaintext for runtime use, and the resolver-emitted wire shape will
+// have `bound: null`.
+
+function makeTokenServerRef(actionId, boundArgs) {
+ const fn = async (...args) => ({ actionId, args });
+ fn.$$typeof = REACT_SERVER_REFERENCE;
+ fn.$$id = fakeToken(actionId, boundArgs ?? null);
+ fn.$$bound = boundArgs ?? null;
+ fn.bind = function (_this, ...newArgs) {
+ const accumulated = (boundArgs ?? []).concat(newArgs);
+ return makeTokenServerRef(actionId, accumulated);
+ };
+ return fn;
+}
+
+// Resolver mirroring react-server's: always returns `bound: null` on the
+// wire, since the bound is bundled into the encrypted id.
+const tokenResolver = {
+ resolveServerReference(value) {
+ if (typeof value?.$$id !== "string") return null;
+ return { id: value.$$id, bound: null };
+ },
+};
+
+// ─── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async function readFlightRows(stream) {
+ const reader = stream.getReader();
+ const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+ let buf = "";
+ for (;;) {
+ const { value, done } = await reader.read();
+ if (done) break;
+ buf += decoder.decode(value, { stream: true });
+ }
+ buf += decoder.decode();
+ const rows = new Map();
+ for (const line of buf.split("\n")) {
+ if (!line) continue;
+ const colon = line.indexOf(":");
+ if (colon === -1) continue;
+ const id = parseInt(line.slice(0, colon), 16);
+ const json = line.slice(colon + 1);
+ rows.set(id, json);
+ }
+ return rows;
+}
+
+async function renderRows(model, options = {}) {
+ const stream = RscServer.renderToReadableStream(model, options);
+ return readFlightRows(stream);
+}
+
+// ─── Tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("token-encoded bound — flight serialization", () => {
+ test("resolver returning bound: null overrides $$bound; wire carries no plaintext bound", async () => {
+ const ref = makeTokenServerRef("actions#submit", [42]);
+ expect(ref.$$bound).toEqual([42]); // server-side plaintext intact
+
+ const rows = await renderRows(
+ { action: ref },
+ { moduleResolver: tokenResolver }
+ );
+
+ const refRow = [...rows.values()]
+ .map((j) => {
+ try {
+ return JSON.parse(j);
+ } catch {
+ return null;
+ }
+ })
+ .find((m) => m && typeof m.id === "string" && m.id.startsWith("t:"));
+
+ expect(refRow).toBeTruthy();
+ expect(refRow.bound).toBeNull(); // ← the load-bearing assertion
+ // And the token itself round-trips to the original (id, bound).
+ expect(fakeDecryptToken(refRow.id)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#submit",
+ bound: [42],
+ });
+ });
+
+ test("unbound action: wire has no bound (null), token decodes to bound: null", async () => {
+ const ref = makeTokenServerRef("actions#submit", null);
+
+ const rows = await renderRows(
+ { action: ref },
+ { moduleResolver: tokenResolver }
+ );
+
+ const refRow = [...rows.values()]
+ .map((j) => {
+ try {
+ return JSON.parse(j);
+ } catch {
+ return null;
+ }
+ })
+ .find((m) => m && typeof m.id === "string" && m.id.startsWith("t:"));
+
+ expect(refRow).toBeTruthy();
+ expect(refRow.bound).toBeNull();
+ expect(fakeDecryptToken(refRow.id)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#submit",
+ bound: null,
+ });
+ });
+
+ test("without resolver, the legacy path falls back to plaintext bound on the wire", async () => {
+ // Sanity check: the resolver is what enables the new wire shape.
+ // In a host that doesn't supply a resolveServerReference, $$bound
+ // gets serialized verbatim — preserving back-compat for plain
+ // @lazarv/rsc consumers that don't speak token-with-bound.
+ const ref = makeTokenServerRef("actions#submit", [42]);
+
+ const rows = await renderRows({ action: ref }); // no resolver
+
+ const refRow = [...rows.values()]
+ .map((j) => {
+ try {
+ return JSON.parse(j);
+ } catch {
+ return null;
+ }
+ })
+ .find((m) => m && typeof m.id === "string" && m.id.startsWith("t:"));
+
+ expect(refRow).toBeTruthy();
+ expect(refRow.bound).toEqual([42]); // legacy: bound on the wire
+ });
+});
+
+describe("token-encoded bound — callback decode ($h hook)", () => {
+ test("decoder calls hook on $h id and prepends recovered bound", async () => {
+ // Simulate the callback case: a bound server reference is passed as
+ // an arg to *another* action call. The client encodes it via
+ // encodeReply, which emits a $h chunk with the token in `id` and
+ // bound:null on the wire. The host's hook recovers the bound at
+ // decode time.
+ const callbackRef = makeTokenServerRef("actions#callback", [42]);
+
+ const encoded = await RscClient.encodeReply(callbackRef);
+ expect(encoded).toBeInstanceOf(FormData);
+
+ // Currently @lazarv/rsc's client encoder writes $$bound to the wire
+ // when present (the resolver-side override is server-only). So for
+ // this protocol-level test the wire form for callback refs may
+ // include the plaintext bound. The decoder hook still authoritatively
+ // determines the action and any token-recovered bound; client-shipped
+ // bound (if any) is treated as additional bound, appended after.
+ let invokedWith;
+ const decoded = await decodeReplyFromFormData(encoded, {
+ moduleLoader: {
+ loadServerAction(actionId) {
+ return (...args) => {
+ invokedWith = { actionId, args };
+ return null;
+ };
+ },
+ },
+ decryptServerReferenceId: fakeDecryptToken,
+ });
+
+ expect(typeof decoded).toBe("function");
+ decoded("runtime-arg");
+
+ // The hook should have given us actionId="actions#callback".
+ expect(invokedWith.actionId).toBe("actions#callback");
+ // And the bound prefix [42] is recovered from the token.
+ // (If the client also shipped [42] on the wire — current encoder
+ // behaviour — they'd be appended too: [42, 42, "runtime-arg"].
+ // What matters for security is that token-recovered bound prefix is
+ // present and authoritative.)
+ expect(invokedWith.args[0]).toBe(42);
+ expect(invokedWith.args[invokedWith.args.length - 1]).toBe("runtime-arg");
+ });
+
+ test("hook returning null falls through to using parsed.id directly", async () => {
+ // Tampered token: hook returns null. Decoder should use parsed.id
+ // verbatim and let the loader fail to resolve it (not an integrity
+ // error per se — just an unresolved action).
+ const ref = makeTokenServerRef("actions#submit", [42]);
+
+ const encoded = await RscClient.encodeReply(ref);
+ expect(encoded).toBeInstanceOf(FormData);
+
+ // Tamper: replace the token in part 1's JSON with garbage.
+ const partKey = "1";
+ const parsed = JSON.parse(encoded.get(partKey));
+ parsed.id = "t:tampered-not-json[";
+ encoded.set(partKey, JSON.stringify(parsed));
+
+ let loaderSawId = null;
+ await decodeReplyFromFormData(encoded, {
+ moduleLoader: {
+ loadServerAction(actionId) {
+ loaderSawId = actionId;
+ return () => null;
+ },
+ },
+ decryptServerReferenceId: fakeDecryptToken,
+ });
+
+ // Hook returned null on the tampered token → decoder used parsed.id verbatim.
+ expect(loaderSawId).toBe("t:tampered-not-json[");
+ });
+
+ test("hook absent: decoder behaves identically to pre-token-with-bound", async () => {
+ const ref = makeTokenServerRef("actions#submit", [42]);
+ const encoded = await RscClient.encodeReply(ref);
+
+ let loaderSawId = null;
+ let invokedArgs = null;
+ const decoded = await decodeReplyFromFormData(encoded, {
+ moduleLoader: {
+ loadServerAction(actionId) {
+ loaderSawId = actionId;
+ return (...args) => {
+ invokedArgs = args;
+ return null;
+ };
+ },
+ },
+ // no decryptServerReferenceId
+ });
+
+ decoded("runtime");
+ // Without the hook, the loader sees the raw token id and the
+ // wire-supplied bound (the client encoded it inline) is the only
+ // source of bound.
+ expect(loaderSawId).toMatch(/^t:/);
+ expect(invokedArgs).toContain("runtime");
+ });
+});
diff --git a/packages/rsc/server/reply-decoder.mjs b/packages/rsc/server/reply-decoder.mjs
index 225738dd..fd872394 100644
--- a/packages/rsc/server/reply-decoder.mjs
+++ b/packages/rsc/server/reply-decoder.mjs
@@ -156,6 +156,18 @@ function buildReplyResponse(prefix, formData, options) {
_moduleLoader: options.moduleLoader ?? null,
_limits: { ...DEFAULT_LIMITS, ...options.limits },
_depth: 0,
+ // Optional host hook: when a $h chunk's `id` is an opaque token
+ // (e.g. an AES-GCM blob that encrypts both the action id and the
+ // bound captures), the host can supply this hook to recover both
+ // halves. Signature: (id: string) => { actionId: string,
+ // bound: unknown[] | null } | null. When the hook returns a
+ // non-null result, `actionId` is what's passed to loadServerAction
+ // and `bound` is prepended (in order) to any client-supplied
+ // `parsed.bound` before binding to the action.
+ //
+ // When the hook is absent or returns null the decoder falls back to
+ // the legacy behaviour (parsed.id used as-is, parsed.bound used as-is).
+ _decryptServerReferenceId: options.decryptServerReferenceId ?? null,
};
if (formData) {
@@ -569,25 +581,58 @@ function decodeServerReference(response, hexId) {
if (typeof loader !== "function") {
throw new DecodeError("No server action loader configured");
}
- const action = loader(parsed.id);
- const bound = parsed.bound;
- if (Array.isArray(bound) && bound.length > 0) {
- if (bound.length > response._limits.maxBoundArgs) {
- throw new DecodeLimitError("maxBoundArgs", bound.length);
+
+ // Token decryption hook (callback-arg case): if the `id` field is an
+ // opaque token that encrypts both the action id and a bound array, the
+ // host hook recovers both pieces. The returned `actionId` is what the
+ // loader sees, and `tokenBound` is prepended to any client-supplied
+ // `parsed.bound` before binding — so the same `(actionPath, bound)`
+ // pairing protected by the AEAD wins out at call time too.
+ let actionId = parsed.id;
+ let tokenBound = null;
+ if (typeof response._decryptServerReferenceId === "function") {
+ const decrypted = response._decryptServerReferenceId(parsed.id);
+ if (decrypted && typeof decrypted.actionId === "string") {
+ actionId = decrypted.actionId;
+ if (Array.isArray(decrypted.bound)) tokenBound = decrypted.bound;
}
- const boundArgs = bound.map((arg) =>
- walkValue(response, arg, "", new WeakSet())
+ }
+
+ const action = loader(actionId);
+ const wireBound = parsed.bound;
+ const wireBoundIsArray = Array.isArray(wireBound) && wireBound.length > 0;
+
+ // No bound from any source → return the bare action.
+ if (tokenBound === null && !wireBoundIsArray) {
+ return action;
+ }
+
+ // Combined limit: token-recovered bound + wire-supplied bound must fit
+ // within maxBoundArgs. Token-recovered bound is server-controlled
+ // (came from our own AEAD) so it's nominally trustworthy, but we still
+ // count it against the limit to keep memory bounded.
+ const totalBoundLength =
+ (tokenBound ? tokenBound.length : 0) +
+ (wireBoundIsArray ? wireBound.length : 0);
+ if (totalBoundLength > response._limits.maxBoundArgs) {
+ throw new DecodeLimitError("maxBoundArgs", totalBoundLength);
+ }
+
+ const wireBoundArgs = wireBoundIsArray
+ ? wireBound.map((arg) => walkValue(response, arg, "", new WeakSet()))
+ : [];
+ const boundArgs = tokenBound
+ ? [...tokenBound, ...wireBoundArgs]
+ : wireBoundArgs;
+
+ if (action && typeof action.then === "function") {
+ return action.then((fn) =>
+ typeof fn === "function" ? fn.bind(null, ...boundArgs) : fn
);
- if (action && typeof action.then === "function") {
- return action.then((fn) =>
- typeof fn === "function" ? fn.bind(null, ...boundArgs) : fn
- );
- }
- return typeof action === "function"
- ? action.bind(null, ...boundArgs)
- : action;
}
- return action;
+ return typeof action === "function"
+ ? action.bind(null, ...boundArgs)
+ : action;
}
// ─── Outlined model resolution ─────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/packages/rsc/server/shared.mjs b/packages/rsc/server/shared.mjs
index 18d2101a..3acfc85a 100644
--- a/packages/rsc/server/shared.mjs
+++ b/packages/rsc/server/shared.mjs
@@ -1442,13 +1442,32 @@ function serializeValue(request, value, _parentObject, _parentKey) {
return "$h" + cached;
}
- // Build the server reference metadata model
+ // Build the server reference metadata model.
+ //
+ // Resolver shape:
+ // { id: string, bound?: unknown[] | null }
+ //
+ // If the resolver explicitly sets `bound` (including `null`), that
+ // value goes on the wire verbatim. This lets a host suppress
+ // plaintext bound serialisation when the bound array has already been
+ // bundled into the encrypted `id` token (see action-crypto.mjs's
+ // `encryptActionToken`) — in that case the resolver returns
+ // `{ id: , bound: null }` and the captured values
+ // never leave the server in plaintext.
+ //
+ // When the resolver omits `bound`, the serializer falls back to
+ // `value.$$bound` and emits the bound array on the wire. This
+ // preserves backward compatibility for resolvers that don't know
+ // about token-encoded bound (and for the bare $$id fallback path).
let serverRefModel = null;
const resolver = request.moduleResolver.resolveServerReference;
if (resolver) {
const metadata = resolver(value);
if (metadata) {
- if (value.$$bound && value.$$bound.length > 0) {
+ if ("bound" in metadata) {
+ // Resolver speaks for the wire shape — honor it as-is.
+ serverRefModel = { ...metadata };
+ } else if (value.$$bound && value.$$bound.length > 0) {
const boundArgs = value.$$bound.map((arg, i) =>
serializeValue(request, arg, value.$$bound, i)
);
@@ -2614,31 +2633,52 @@ export function deserializeValue(value, options = {}, path = "") {
);
}
const parsed = JSON.parse(partPayload);
- const id = parsed.id;
const loader = options.moduleLoader?.loadServerAction;
if (!loader) {
throw new Error("No server action loader configured");
}
+
+ // Token decryption hook (legacy path, parity with reply-decoder.mjs's
+ // primary $h handler). When the host supplies a hook, an opaque
+ // token-as-id is decrypted to recover both the action id and any
+ // server-emitted bound captures, which prepend the wire-supplied
+ // bound at bind time.
+ let id = parsed.id;
+ let tokenBound = null;
+ if (typeof options.decryptServerReferenceId === "function") {
+ const decrypted = options.decryptServerReferenceId(id);
+ if (decrypted && typeof decrypted.actionId === "string") {
+ id = decrypted.actionId;
+ if (Array.isArray(decrypted.bound)) tokenBound = decrypted.bound;
+ }
+ }
+
const action = loader(id);
- if (
- parsed.bound &&
- Array.isArray(parsed.bound) &&
- parsed.bound.length > 0
- ) {
- const boundArgs = parsed.bound.map((arg) =>
- deserializeValue(arg, options, path)
+ const wireBound =
+ parsed.bound && Array.isArray(parsed.bound) && parsed.bound.length > 0
+ ? parsed.bound.map((arg) => deserializeValue(arg, options, path))
+ : null;
+
+ // No bound from any source.
+ if (tokenBound === null && wireBound === null) {
+ return action;
+ }
+
+ const boundArgs = tokenBound
+ ? wireBound
+ ? [...tokenBound, ...wireBound]
+ : tokenBound
+ : wireBound;
+
+ // If loader returns a promise, wait for it then bind
+ if (action && typeof action.then === "function") {
+ return action.then((fn) =>
+ typeof fn === "function" ? fn.bind(null, ...boundArgs) : fn
);
- // If loader returns a promise, wait for it then bind
- if (action && typeof action.then === "function") {
- return action.then((fn) =>
- typeof fn === "function" ? fn.bind(null, ...boundArgs) : fn
- );
- }
- return typeof action === "function"
- ? action.bind(null, ...boundArgs)
- : action;
}
- return action;
+ return typeof action === "function"
+ ? action.bind(null, ...boundArgs)
+ : action;
}
if (value === "$T") {
// Temporary reference — create an opaque proxy that maps back to the
diff --git a/test/__test__/action-crypto.spec.mjs b/test/__test__/action-crypto.spec.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c7acbd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/__test__/action-crypto.spec.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for action-crypto's token-with-bound encryption.
+ *
+ * Coverage:
+ * - encryptActionToken / decryptActionToken roundtrip with various bound shapes
+ * - decryptActionId returns just the id (drops bound)
+ * - encryptActionId is a thin wrapper over encryptActionToken(id, null)
+ * - tampering at any byte → null
+ * - key rotation: previous keys decrypt; unrelated keys do not
+ * - legacy plain-string plaintext (pre-token-with-bound tokens still
+ * in flight) decodes cleanly to { actionId, bound: null }
+ * - structurally invalid plaintext → null
+ *
+ * The crypto helpers always re-derive from the current master key, so we
+ * swap keys via initSecret() between cases without worrying about cache.
+ */
+
+import { createCipheriv, createHash, randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+ initSecret,
+ initSecretFromConfig,
+ encryptActionToken,
+ decryptActionToken,
+ encryptActionId,
+ decryptActionId,
+} from "@lazarv/react-server/server/action-crypto.mjs";
+
+const KEY_A = "a".repeat(64); // 32 bytes hex
+const KEY_B = "b".repeat(64);
+const KEY_C = "c".repeat(64);
+
+// Reproduces action-crypto's deriveKey — used by hand-crafted legacy
+// tokens below. Mirrors the conditional in deriveKey: 64-char hex
+// strings are treated as 32-byte keys directly; everything else is
+// SHA-256-hashed.
+function deriveKey(secret) {
+ if (/^[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$/.test(secret)) {
+ return Buffer.from(secret, "hex");
+ }
+ return createHash("sha256").update(secret, "utf8").digest();
+}
+
+// Encrypt an arbitrary plaintext under the runtime's key — used to
+// construct a legacy plain-string token (pre-token-with-bound shape)
+// without bypassing the master-key contract.
+function encryptLegacyPlaintext(plaintext, secret) {
+ const key = deriveKey(secret);
+ const iv = randomBytes(12);
+ const cipher = createCipheriv("aes-256-gcm", key, iv);
+ const encrypted = Buffer.concat([
+ cipher.update(plaintext, "utf8"),
+ cipher.final(),
+ ]);
+ const authTag = cipher.getAuthTag();
+ return Buffer.concat([iv, authTag, encrypted]).toString("base64url");
+}
+
+describe("encryptActionToken / decryptActionToken", () => {
+ beforeEach(() => {
+ initSecret(KEY_A);
+ globalThis.__react_server_action_previous_keys__ = [];
+ });
+
+ describe("roundtrip", () => {
+ it("encrypts and decrypts an unbound token", () => {
+ const token = encryptActionToken("src/actions#submit", null);
+ expect(typeof token).toBe("string");
+ expect(token.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(token)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "src/actions#submit",
+ bound: null,
+ });
+ });
+
+ it("encrypts and decrypts a bound token with primitive captures", () => {
+ const token = encryptActionToken("src/actions#update", [42, "alice"]);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(token)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "src/actions#update",
+ bound: [42, "alice"],
+ });
+ });
+
+ it("preserves structured bound values", () => {
+ const bound = [
+ { user: { id: 7, name: "alice" } },
+ ["a", "b", "c"],
+ null,
+ false,
+ ];
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#x", bound);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(token)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#x",
+ bound,
+ });
+ });
+
+ // ── Typed value roundtrip ──────────────────────────────────────────
+ //
+ // Bound captures travel through @lazarv/rsc's sync flight encoder
+ // (syncToBuffer / syncFromBuffer) inside the token, so typed values
+ // survive with full fidelity. Naive JSON.stringify would lose the
+ // type for every case below.
+
+ it("preserves Date instances", () => {
+ const bound = [new Date("2024-01-15T03:04:05.000Z")];
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", bound));
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+ expect(result.bound[0].toISOString()).toBe("2024-01-15T03:04:05.000Z");
+ });
+
+ it("preserves BigInt", () => {
+ const bound = [9007199254740993n];
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", bound));
+ expect(typeof result.bound[0]).toBe("bigint");
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBe(9007199254740993n);
+ });
+
+ it("preserves Map", () => {
+ const m = new Map([
+ ["k1", "v1"],
+ ["k2", 42],
+ ]);
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", [m]));
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBeInstanceOf(Map);
+ expect(Array.from(result.bound[0].entries())).toEqual([
+ ["k1", "v1"],
+ ["k2", 42],
+ ]);
+ });
+
+ it("preserves Set", () => {
+ const s = new Set(["a", "b", "c"]);
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", [s]));
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBeInstanceOf(Set);
+ expect(Array.from(result.bound[0])).toEqual(["a", "b", "c"]);
+ });
+
+ it("preserves RegExp", () => {
+ const r = /abc/gi;
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", [r]));
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBeInstanceOf(RegExp);
+ expect(result.bound[0].source).toBe("abc");
+ expect(result.bound[0].flags).toBe("gi");
+ });
+
+ it("preserves URL", () => {
+ const u = new URL("https://example.test/path?x=1");
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", [u]));
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBeInstanceOf(URL);
+ expect(result.bound[0].href).toBe("https://example.test/path?x=1");
+ });
+
+ it("preserves URLSearchParams", () => {
+ const sp = new URLSearchParams("a=1&b=two&a=3");
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", [sp]));
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBeInstanceOf(URLSearchParams);
+ expect(result.bound[0].toString()).toBe("a=1&b=two&a=3");
+ });
+
+ it("preserves typed arrays", () => {
+ const u8 = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", [u8]));
+ expect(result.bound[0]).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
+ expect(Array.from(result.bound[0])).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+ });
+
+ it("preserves nested mix of typed values inside structured bound", () => {
+ const bound = [
+ {
+ createdAt: new Date("2024-06-01T00:00:00Z"),
+ counter: 100n,
+ tags: new Set(["x", "y"]),
+ },
+ new Map([["users", [{ id: 1 }, { id: 2 }]]]),
+ ];
+ const result = decryptActionToken(encryptActionToken("actions#x", bound));
+ expect(result.bound[0].createdAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+ expect(result.bound[0].counter).toBe(100n);
+ expect(result.bound[0].tags).toBeInstanceOf(Set);
+ expect(Array.from(result.bound[0].tags)).toEqual(["x", "y"]);
+ expect(result.bound[1]).toBeInstanceOf(Map);
+ expect(result.bound[1].get("users")).toEqual([{ id: 1 }, { id: 2 }]);
+ });
+
+ it("treats undefined and explicit null bound the same way", () => {
+ const a = encryptActionToken("actions#x", undefined);
+ const b = encryptActionToken("actions#x", null);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(a)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#x",
+ bound: null,
+ });
+ expect(decryptActionToken(b)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#x",
+ bound: null,
+ });
+ });
+
+ it("treats an empty bound array as no-bound (null)", () => {
+ // Empty bound never gets emitted as an array — there's nothing to
+ // bind, so it normalises to null on decrypt. This keeps the
+ // unbound and zero-length-bound cases byte-identical and avoids a
+ // subtle distinction at call time.
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#x", []);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(token)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#x",
+ bound: null,
+ });
+ });
+
+ it("produces a fresh ciphertext on each call (random IV)", () => {
+ const a = encryptActionToken("actions#x", [42]);
+ const b = encryptActionToken("actions#x", [42]);
+ expect(a).not.toBe(b);
+ // But both decrypt to the same payload.
+ expect(decryptActionToken(a)).toEqual(decryptActionToken(b));
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe("encryptActionId / decryptActionId", () => {
+ it("encryptActionId is equivalent to encryptActionToken(id, null)", () => {
+ const tokenA = encryptActionId("actions#submit");
+ const decrypted = decryptActionToken(tokenA);
+ expect(decrypted).toEqual({ actionId: "actions#submit", bound: null });
+ });
+
+ it("decryptActionId returns the action id only", () => {
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#submit", [42]);
+ expect(decryptActionId(token)).toBe("actions#submit");
+ });
+
+ it("decryptActionId returns null for invalid tokens", () => {
+ expect(decryptActionId("garbage")).toBeNull();
+ expect(decryptActionId("")).toBeNull();
+ expect(decryptActionId(null)).toBeNull();
+ expect(decryptActionId(undefined)).toBeNull();
+ expect(decryptActionId(12345)).toBeNull();
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe("tamper detection", () => {
+ it("rejects single-byte flip in the ciphertext", () => {
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#submit", [42]);
+ const flipped = (token[0] === "A" ? "B" : "A") + token.slice(1);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(flipped)).toBeNull();
+ });
+
+ it("rejects truncated tokens", () => {
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#submit", [42]);
+ const truncated = token.slice(0, token.length - 5);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(truncated)).toBeNull();
+ });
+
+ it("rejects tokens that are too short to even hold IV+tag", () => {
+ // Minimum size: iv(12) + authTag(16) + 1 byte ciphertext.
+ // Anything shorter is structurally invalid.
+ expect(decryptActionToken("AAAA")).toBeNull();
+ });
+
+ it("rejects non-base64url input", () => {
+ expect(decryptActionToken("@#$%^&*()_+-=")).toBeNull();
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe("key rotation", () => {
+ it("decrypts a token issued under a previous key", async () => {
+ // Issue under KEY_A.
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#submit", [42]);
+
+ // Rotate: KEY_B is primary, KEY_A is in rotation.
+ await initSecretFromConfig({
+ serverFunctions: {
+ secret: KEY_B,
+ previousSecrets: [KEY_A],
+ },
+ });
+
+ expect(decryptActionToken(token)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#submit",
+ bound: [42],
+ });
+ });
+
+ it("rejects tokens issued under unrelated keys", async () => {
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#submit", [42]);
+ await initSecretFromConfig({
+ serverFunctions: {
+ secret: KEY_B,
+ previousSecrets: [KEY_C],
+ },
+ });
+ expect(decryptActionToken(token)).toBeNull();
+ });
+
+ it("after rotation, new tokens decrypt under the new primary", async () => {
+ await initSecretFromConfig({
+ serverFunctions: {
+ secret: KEY_B,
+ previousSecrets: [KEY_A],
+ },
+ });
+ const token = encryptActionToken("actions#submit", [42]);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(token)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "actions#submit",
+ bound: [42],
+ });
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe("legacy plain-string plaintext", () => {
+ // The encryptActionId path now always emits the array form
+ // [actionId, null]; legacy tokens are hand-crafted here to verify
+ // that *in-flight* tokens issued by older runtime versions still
+ // decode cleanly during a rolling upgrade.
+
+ it("decodes plain-string plaintext as { actionId, bound: null }", () => {
+ const legacyToken = encryptLegacyPlaintext("src/actions#submit", KEY_A);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(legacyToken)).toEqual({
+ actionId: "src/actions#submit",
+ bound: null,
+ });
+ expect(decryptActionId(legacyToken)).toBe("src/actions#submit");
+ });
+
+ it("rejects legacy tokens whose plaintext just happens to start with '['", () => {
+ // A pathological legacy token whose action id begins with '[' would
+ // be misparsed as the array form. In practice action ids are
+ // "module#export" or "filepath#export" and never start with [, but
+ // we document the boundary by asserting null on a malformed array.
+ const malformed = encryptLegacyPlaintext("[not, json", KEY_A);
+ expect(decryptActionToken(malformed)).toBeNull();
+ });
+ });
+
+ describe("invalid plaintext shapes", () => {
+ // These exercise the parseTokenPlaintext branch. We can't easily
+ // craft an arbitrary plaintext that decrypts cleanly without
+ // exposing internals, so we verify the negative path through normal
+ // token roundtrip + tamper. The structural validation lives behind
+ // valid AEAD; an attacker can't reach it without a key.
+ it("token issued under correct key but with wrong plaintext shape returns null", () => {
+ // Best we can do without exporting internals: ensure that random
+ // bytes never accidentally decrypt as valid. Statistical test —
+ // 100 random tokens.
+ for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+ const random = Buffer.from(
+ crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(64))
+ ).toString("base64url");
+ expect(decryptActionToken(random)).toBeNull();
+ }
+ });
+ });
+});