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Linux File System

zold@Zold:~$ cd /
zold@Zold:/$ ls
bin   dev  home  lib    lib64   lost+found  mnt  proc  run   snap  sys  usr
boot  etc  init  lib32  libx32  media       opt  root  sbin  srv   tmp  var

  • / root directory

  • /home home directory for all non-root users

  • /root home directory for all root users

  • /bin user executable files ex: [cp, cat, ...]

  • /sbin system binary files. These are executables used for system administration, only root users can use this

  • /lib Contains shared library files that are required to boot the system from /bin and /sbin.

  • /usr These are shareable, read-only files, including executable binaries and libraries, man files, and other types of documentation.

    • /usr/local libraries and packages that you will download will be here ex: docker, java, ...etc
      • /usr/local/bin packages commands will be here
      • /usr/local/lib packages will be here

  • /opt libraries and packages that you will download will be here too

    So what is the diffrent between /opt and /usr/local?

    /opt it be here packages that do not divide their components unlike /usr/local

  • /boot contains the static bootloader and kernel executable and configuration files required to boot a Linux computer.

  • /etc contains the local system configuration files for the host computer.

  • /dev contains the device files for every hardware device attached to the system, ex: keyboard, mouse, camera ...etc

  • /var Variable data files are stored here. This can include things like log files, MySQL, web server data files, email inboxes .... etc for example /var/cache contains cache data from packages

  • /tmp temporary directory. used by the operating system and many programs to store temporary files.

  • /media and /mnt a temporary mountpoint for regular filesystems (as in not removable media) that can be used while the administrator is repairing or working on a filesystem.