diff --git a/agent/skills/fsskills/source.go b/agent/skills/fsskills/source.go
index b1ef5b38..078b3006 100644
--- a/agent/skills/fsskills/source.go
+++ b/agent/skills/fsskills/source.go
@@ -436,11 +436,14 @@ func (s *Source) discoverResourceFiles(skillFS fs.FS, skillName string) []skills
 	seen := make(map[string]bool)
 	var resources []skills.Resource
 	s.scanForFiles(skillFS, ".", skillName, 1, s.allowedResourceExtensions, s.resourceFilter, "resource", func(filePath string) {
-		key := strings.ToLower(filePath)
-		if seen[key] {
+		// Dedup by the exact path (guards against the same file being visited
+		// twice), not a case-folded key, which would wrongly collapse two
+		// distinct files (e.g. Data.json and data.json) on a case-sensitive
+		// filesystem and silently drop one.
+		if seen[filePath] {
 			return
 		}
-		seen[key] = true
+		seen[filePath] = true
 		resources = append(resources, skills.Resource{
 			Name: filePath,
 			Read: func(context.Context) (any, error) {
@@ -459,11 +462,13 @@ func (s *Source) discoverScriptFiles(skillFS fs.FS, skillName string) []skills.S
 	seen := make(map[string]bool)
 	var scripts []skills.Script
 	s.scanForFiles(skillFS, ".", skillName, 1, s.allowedScriptExtensions, s.scriptFilter, "script", func(filePath string) {
-		key := strings.ToLower(filePath)
-		if seen[key] {
+		// Dedup by the exact path (not a case-folded key) so two distinct
+		// files differing only in case are both kept on a case-sensitive
+		// filesystem. See discoverResourceFiles for details.
+		if seen[filePath] {
 			return
 		}
-		seen[key] = true
+		seen[filePath] = true
 		scripts = append(scripts, newScript(filePath, skillFS, s.scriptRunner))
 	})
 	return scripts
diff --git a/agent/skills/fsskills/source_script_test.go b/agent/skills/fsskills/source_script_test.go
index 744fd889..c33790f7 100644
--- a/agent/skills/fsskills/source_script_test.go
+++ b/agent/skills/fsskills/source_script_test.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
 
 	"github.com/microsoft/agent-framework-go/agent/skills"
 	"github.com/microsoft/agent-framework-go/agent/skills/fsskills"
@@ -493,3 +494,34 @@ func TestFileSkill_ScriptContent_IncludesDefaultArraySchema(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected JSON quotes to be preserved in schema content, got: %s", content)
 	}
 }
+
+// On a case-sensitive filesystem, two files in the same skill directory that
+// differ only in case (e.g. Data.json and data.json) are distinct files and
+// must both be discovered. Deduping on a lowercased path collapsed them.
+func TestFileSource_CaseSensitiveFS_KeepsDistinctlyCasedFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	// fstest.MapFS keys are case-sensitive regardless of the host filesystem.
+	fsys := fstest.MapFS{
+		"case-skill/SKILL.md":  {Data: []byte("---\nname: case-skill\ndescription: d\n---\nbody")},
+		"case-skill/Data.json": {Data: []byte("A")},
+		"case-skill/data.json": {Data: []byte("B")},
+		"case-skill/Run.py":    {Data: []byte("A")},
+		"case-skill/run.py":    {Data: []byte("B")},
+	}
+	source := fsskills.NewSourceOptions(fsskills.SourceOptions{
+		ScriptRunner: func(context.Context, *skills.Skill, *skills.Script, []string) (any, error) { return nil, nil },
+	}, fsys)
+
+	loaded, err := source.Skills(t.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(loaded) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 skill, got %d", len(loaded))
+	}
+	if got := len(loaded[0].Resources); got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 resources (Data.json + data.json) on a case-sensitive FS, got %d", got)
+	}
+	if got := len(loaded[0].Scripts); got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 scripts (Run.py + run.py) on a case-sensitive FS, got %d", got)
+	}
+}