node-cron.github.io/scheduling-options.html at master · node-cron/node-cron.github.io · GitHub

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class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>On this page</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _scheduling-options" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="scheduling-options" tabindex="-1">Scheduling Options <a class="header-anchor" href="#scheduling-options" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Scheduling Options&quot;"></a></h1><p>When you create a scheduled task using <code>cron.schedule(expression, task, options)</code>, you can pass an optional configuration object to control its behavior.</p><h2 id="type-definition" tabindex="-1">Type Definition <a class="header-anchor" href="#type-definition" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Type Definition&quot;"></a></h2><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> type</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> Options</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">  name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">  timezone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">  noOverlap</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> boolean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">  maxExecutions</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> number</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">  maxRandomDelay</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> number</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="field-descriptions" tabindex="-1">Field Descriptions <a class="header-anchor" href="#field-descriptions" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Field Descriptions&quot;"></a></h2><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Field</th><th>Type</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>name</code></td><td><code>string</code></td><td>Optional identifier for the task. Useful for debugging, logging, or display in UIs.</td></tr><tr><td><code>timezone</code></td><td><code>string</code></td><td>The timezone in which the cron expression should be interpreted. This should be a valid timezone name as recognized by <code>Intl.DateTimeFormat</code> (e.g., <code>&quot;America/Sao_Paulo&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;UTC&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;Europe/London&quot;</code>). Defaults to system timezone if not specified.</td></tr><tr><td><code>noOverlap</code></td><td><code>boolean</code></td><td>If <code>true</code>, prevents overlapping runs. If a task is still executing when the next scheduled time arrives, the new run is skipped. Defaults to <code>false</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>maxExecutions</code></td><td><code>number</code></td><td>Sets a limit on how many times the task should execute. After reaching this count, the task is automatically destroyed.</td></tr><tr><td><code>maxRandomDelay</code></td><td><code>number</code></td><td>(Jitter) Adds up to the specified number of milliseconds of random delay before executing each scheduled run. Useful to prevent “thundering herd” effects when many tasks are scheduled at the same time. Default is 0 (no delay).</td></tr></tbody></table><blockquote><p>🛈 Unlike older versions, <code>scheduled</code> and <code>runOnInit</code> are no longer used. By default, tasks are scheduled and started immediately upon creation. If you need a task that is initially stopped, use the <code>createTask</code> function. To manually run a task immediately after scheduling, simply call <code>task.execute()</code> after the task has been scheduled.</p></blockquote><h2 id="examples" tabindex="-1">Examples <a class="header-anchor" href="#examples" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Examples&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_1-basic-scheduling-with-default-options" tabindex="-1">1. Basic Scheduling with Default Options <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-basic-scheduling-with-default-options" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1. Basic Scheduling with Default Options&quot;"></a></h3><p>This example schedules a task to run every minute with the default options.</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> task</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> cron.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">schedule</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;* * * * *&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">async</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Task is running every minute&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>In this case, the task will run immediately upon creation, using the system&#39;s timezone, without preventing overlapping runs or limiting the number of executions.</p><h3 id="_2-scheduling-with-a-custom-timezone" tabindex="-1">2. Scheduling with a Custom Timezone <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-scheduling-with-a-custom-timezone" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2. Scheduling with a Custom Timezone&quot;"></a></h3><p>This example schedules a task with a custom timezone (America/Sao_Paulo), ensuring the cron expression is evaluated in that timezone.</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> task</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> cron.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">schedule</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;* * * * *&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">async</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Running every minute in Sao Paulo timezone&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}, {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  timezone: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;America/Sao_Paulo&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Here, the task will run at the top of each minute based on the specified timezone.</p><h3 id="_3-preventing-overlap-between-task-executions" tabindex="-1">3. Preventing Overlap Between Task Executions <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-preventing-overlap-between-task-executions" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3. Preventing Overlap Between Task Executions&quot;"></a></h3><p>This example schedules a task that prevents overlap, meaning if a task is still running and the next scheduled time arrives, it will be skipped.</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> task</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> cron.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">schedule</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;* * * * *&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">async</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Running every minute without overlap&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}, {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  noOverlap: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>With noOverlap: true, if the task takes more than a minute to execute, the next scheduled execution will be skipped to avoid overlapping.</p><h3 id="_4-limiting-task-executions" tabindex="-1">4. Limiting Task Executions <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-limiting-task-executions" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4. Limiting Task Executions&quot;"></a></h3><p>In this example, the task will stop running after it has executed a specified number of times (maxExecutions).</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> task</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> cron.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">schedule</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;* * * * *&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">async</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;This will run only 5 times&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}, {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  maxExecutions: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>This task will automatically be destroyed after it has executed 5 times.</p><h3 id="_5-creating-a-stopped-task-via-createtask" tabindex="-1">5. Creating a Stopped Task (via createTask) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-creating-a-stopped-task-via-createtask" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5. Creating a Stopped Task (via createTask)&quot;"></a></h3><p>If you need a task to be initially stopped (not run right away), you can use the createTask function. This example shows how to create a task that starts only when explicitly told to.</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> task</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> cron.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">createTask</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;* * * * *&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">async</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;This task is manually started&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}, {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  noOverlap: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// Task is not started immediately; it will run only when `.start()` is called.</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">task.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>This will create a task that is stopped by default. You can control when it starts by calling task.start().</p><h3 id="_6-manually-running-a-task-after-scheduling" tabindex="-1">6. Manually Running a Task After Scheduling <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-manually-running-a-task-after-scheduling" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6. Manually Running a Task After Scheduling&quot;"></a></h3><p>If you want to manually run a task immediately after scheduling, you can call task.execute().</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> task</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> cron.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">schedule</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;* * * * *&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">async</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Running the task every minute&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// Manually run the task right after it&#39;s scheduled</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">task.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">execute</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>In this case, the task will run immediately after it has been scheduled, even though the cron expression is set to run every minute.</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><!----><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/api-reference.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Node-Cron Module</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/task-controls.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Task Controls</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released in 2016 under the ISC License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Made with 💚 by @merencia</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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