diff --git a/.changeset/quick-ants-lead.md b/.changeset/quick-ants-lead.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2189997b67c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/quick-ants-lead.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@primer/react": minor
+---
+
+Add data-component attributes and associated tests for ActionMenu, AnchoredOverlay, Autocomplete, and NavList
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.test.tsx
index 09303b7923b..27a07601392 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.test.tsx
@@ -180,6 +180,19 @@ function ExampleWithSubmenus(): JSX.Element {
 describe('ActionMenu', () => {
   implementsClassName(ActionMenu.Button)
 
+  it('renders data-component attributes for ActionMenu parts', async () => {
+    const component = HTMLRender(<Example />)
+    const user = userEvent.setup()
+
+    const trigger = component.getByRole('button', {name: 'Toggle Menu'})
+    expect(trigger).toHaveAttribute('data-component', 'ActionMenu.Button')
+
+    await user.click(trigger)
+
+    expect(component.baseElement.querySelector('[data-component="AnchoredOverlay"]')).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(component.baseElement.querySelector('[data-component="ActionMenu.Overlay"]')).not.toBeNull()
+  })
+
   it('should open Menu on MenuButton click', async () => {
     const component = HTMLRender(<Example />)
     const button = component.getByRole('button')
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.tsx b/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.tsx
index c0dfb464f39..abdab145fa1 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/ActionMenu/ActionMenu.tsx
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ export type ActionMenuButtonProps = ButtonProps
 const MenuButton = React.forwardRef(({...props}, anchorRef) => {
   return (
     <Anchor ref={anchorRef}>
-      <Button type="button" trailingAction={TriangleDownIcon} {...props} />
+      <Button data-component="ActionMenu.Button" type="button" trailingAction={TriangleDownIcon} {...props} />
     </Anchor>
   )
 }) as PolymorphicForwardRefComponent<'button', ActionMenuButtonProps>
@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ const Overlay: FCWithSlotMarker<React.PropsWithChildren<MenuOverlayProps>> = ({
       <div
         ref={containerRef}
         className={styles.ActionMenuContainer}
+        data-component="ActionMenu.Overlay"
         data-variant={responsiveVariant}
         {...(overlayProps.overflow ? {[`data-overflow-${overlayProps.overflow}`]: ''} : {})}
         {...(overlayProps.maxHeight ? {[`data-max-height-${overlayProps.maxHeight}`]: ''} : {})}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.test.tsx
index 255c771c6b3..27b1d4bf6be 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.test.tsx
@@ -200,6 +200,26 @@ describe.each([true, false])(
       })
     })
 
+    it('renders data-component attribute on the responsive close button container when shown', () => {
+      const {baseElement} = render(
+        <FeatureFlags flags={{primer_react_css_anchor_positioning: true}}>
+          <BaseStyles>
+            <AnchoredOverlay
+              open={true}
+              onOpen={() => {}}
+              onClose={() => {}}
+              renderAnchor={props => <Button {...props}>Anchor Button</Button>}
+              variant={{regular: 'anchored', narrow: 'fullscreen'}}
+            >
+              <div>content</div>
+            </AnchoredOverlay>
+          </BaseStyles>
+        </FeatureFlags>,
+      )
+
+      expect(baseElement.querySelector('[data-component="AnchoredOverlay.CloseButtonContainer"]')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
     it('should support a `ref` through `overlayProps` on the overlay element', () => {
       const ref = createRef<HTMLDivElement>()
 
diff --git a/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.tsx b/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.tsx
index e0050775587..42cb6ae2926 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/AnchoredOverlay/AnchoredOverlay.tsx
@@ -395,7 +395,10 @@ export const AnchoredOverlay: React.FC<React.PropsWithChildren<AnchoredOverlayPr
           data-side={cssAnchorPositioning ? side : position?.anchorSide}
         >
           {showXIcon ? (
-            <div className={classes.ResponsiveCloseButtonContainer}>
+            <div
+              className={classes.ResponsiveCloseButtonContainer}
+              data-component="AnchoredOverlay.CloseButtonContainer"
+            >
               <IconButton
                 {...(closeButtonProps as IconButtonProps)}
                 type="button"
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/Autocomplete.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/Autocomplete.test.tsx
index 68e61313b3e..267af66ef32 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/Autocomplete.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/Autocomplete.test.tsx
@@ -55,6 +55,20 @@ describe('Autocomplete', () => {
         <Autocomplete.Input {...props} />
       </Autocomplete>
     ))
+
+    it('tags overlay with data-component when menu is shown', async () => {
+      const user = userEvent.setup()
+      const {container} = render(
+        <LabelledAutocomplete
+          menuProps={{items: mockItems, selectedItemIds: [], ['aria-labelledby']: 'autocompleteLabel'}}
+        />,
+      )
+      const inputNode = container.querySelector('#autocompleteInput')!
+      await user.type(inputNode, 'z')
+
+      expect(container.querySelector('[data-component="Autocomplete.Overlay"]')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
     it('calls onChange', async () => {
       const user = userEvent.setup()
       const onChangeMock = vi.fn()
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteInput.tsx b/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteInput.tsx
index ef1278451a1..c12898f15f4 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteInput.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteInput.tsx
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ const AutocompleteInput = React.forwardRef(
         autoComplete="off"
         id={id}
         {...props}
+        data-component="Autocomplete.Input"
       />
     )
   },
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteOverlay.tsx b/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteOverlay.tsx
index f0486c5822d..f330153c2ba 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteOverlay.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Autocomplete/AutocompleteOverlay.tsx
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ function AutocompleteOverlay({
       left={position?.left}
       className={clsx(classes.Overlay, className)}
       {...overlayProps}
+      data-component="Autocomplete.Overlay"
     >
       {children}
     </Overlay>
diff --git a/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.test.tsx
index 05f92549307..0ece5c490e8 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.test.tsx
@@ -23,6 +23,27 @@ const NextJSLikeLink = React.forwardRef<HTMLAnchorElement, NextJSLinkProps>(
 describe('NavList', () => {
   implementsClassName(NavList)
 
+  it('renders data-component attributes for NavList and NavList.SubNav', () => {
+    const {container} = render(
+      <NavList>
+        <NavList.Item href="#">Item 1</NavList.Item>
+        <NavList.Item>
+          Item 2
+          <NavList.SubNav>
+            <NavList.Item href="#">Sub Item 1</NavList.Item>
+          </NavList.SubNav>
+        </NavList.Item>
+      </NavList>,
+    )
+
+    const nav = container.querySelector('nav')
+    expect(nav).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(nav).toHaveAttribute('data-component', 'NavList')
+
+    const subNav = container.querySelector('[data-component="NavList.SubNav"]')
+    expect(subNav).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
   it('supports TrailingAction', async () => {
     const {getByRole} = render(
       <NavList>
diff --git a/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.tsx b/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.tsx
index c81795db695..15e5c3f70c1 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/NavList/NavList.tsx
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export type NavListProps = {
 
 const Root = React.forwardRef<HTMLElement, NavListProps>(({children, ...props}, ref) => {
   return (
-    <nav {...props} ref={ref}>
+    <nav {...props} ref={ref} data-component="NavList">
       <ActionListContainerContext.Provider
         value={{
           container: 'NavList',
@@ -232,7 +232,13 @@ const SubNav = React.forwardRef<HTMLUListElement, NavListSubNavProps>(({children
 
   return (
     <SubNavContext.Provider value={{depth: depth + 1}}>
-      <ul className={classes.SubGroup} id={subNavId} aria-labelledby={buttonId} ref={forwardedRef}>
+      <ul
+        className={classes.SubGroup}
+        id={subNavId}
+        aria-labelledby={buttonId}
+        ref={forwardedRef}
+        data-component="NavList.SubNav"
+      >
         {children}
       </ul>
     </SubNavContext.Provider>