diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
index fe46003..0af27f0 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Release History
 
 - Require ``event_hint`` when constructing ``RemoteProtocolError``.
   This is an API-breaking change.
+- Preserve decompression state when PING or PONG frames arrive between
+  compressed message fragments.
 
 1.3.2 (2025-11-20)
 ------------------
diff --git a/src/wsproto/extensions.py b/src/wsproto/extensions.py
index b8a93f0..253534a 100644
--- a/src/wsproto/extensions.py
+++ b/src/wsproto/extensions.py
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def frame_inbound_header(
 
         self._inbound_is_compressible = self._compressible_opcode(opcode)
 
-        if self._inbound_compressed is None:
+        if self._inbound_is_compressible and self._inbound_compressed is None:
             self._inbound_compressed = rsv.rsv1
             if self._inbound_compressed:
                 assert self._inbound_is_compressible
@@ -237,7 +237,6 @@ def frame_inbound_complete(
         if not fin:
             return None
         if not self._inbound_is_compressible:
-            self._inbound_compressed = None
             return None
         if not self._inbound_compressed:
             self._inbound_compressed = None
diff --git a/tests/test_fragmented_deflate.py b/tests/test_fragmented_deflate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c7a04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_fragmented_deflate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import zlib
+
+import pytest
+
+from wsproto.connection import CLIENT, SERVER, Connection
+from wsproto.events import BytesMessage, Ping, Pong
+from wsproto.extensions import PerMessageDeflate
+
+
+def make_frame(payload: bytes, opcode: int, fin: bool, compressed: bool, masked: bool) -> bytes:
+    # These fixtures use short frames and a fixed client masking key.
+    assert len(payload) < 126
+    header = bytes([
+        (int(fin) << 7) | (int(compressed) << 6) | opcode,
+        (int(masked) << 7) | len(payload),
+    ])
+    if not masked:
+        return header + payload
+    key = b"mask"
+    return header + key + bytes(value ^ key[index % 4] for index, value in enumerate(payload))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("client", [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("control", [None, 9, 10])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("chunk_size", [1, 7, 65536])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("no_context_takeover", [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("compressed", [False, True])
+def test_fragmented_message_with_control_frames(
+    client: bool,
+    control: int | None,
+    chunk_size: int,
+    no_context_takeover: bool,
+    compressed: bool,
+) -> None:
+    extension = PerMessageDeflate(
+        client_no_context_takeover=no_context_takeover,
+        server_no_context_takeover=no_context_takeover,
+    )
+    extension.finalize("permessage-deflate")
+    connection = Connection(CLIENT if client else SERVER, extensions=[extension])
+    compressor = zlib.compressobj(wbits=-15)
+    payload = b"fragmented binary message " * 3
+    wire = bytearray()
+    expected_controls = []
+
+    for _ in range(2):
+        if no_context_takeover:
+            compressor = zlib.compressobj(wbits=-15)
+        encoded = payload
+        if compressed:
+            encoded = compressor.compress(payload) + compressor.flush(zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH)
+            assert encoded.endswith(b"\x00\x00\xff\xff")
+            encoded = encoded[:-4]
+        split = len(encoded) // 2
+        if control is not None:
+            wire += make_frame(b"before", control, True, False, not client)
+            expected_controls.append(b"before")
+        wire += make_frame(encoded[:split], 2, False, compressed, not client)
+        if control is not None:
+            wire += make_frame(b"between", control, True, False, not client)
+            expected_controls.append(b"between")
+        wire += make_frame(encoded[split:], 0, True, False, not client)
+        if control is not None:
+            wire += make_frame(b"after", control, True, False, not client)
+            expected_controls.append(b"after")
+
+    messages = []
+    controls = []
+    current = b""
+    for offset in range(0, len(wire), chunk_size):
+        connection.receive_data(wire[offset : offset + chunk_size])
+        for event in connection.events():
+            if isinstance(event, (Ping, Pong)):
+                controls.append(event.payload)
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(event, BytesMessage)
+                current += event.data
+                if event.message_finished:
+                    messages.append(current)
+                    current = b""
+    assert messages == [payload, payload]
+    assert controls == expected_controls