diff --git a/Lib/test/archivetestdata/cp437-local-header.zip b/Lib/test/archivetestdata/cp437-local-header.zip
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..81160520fdbdd4
Binary files /dev/null and b/Lib/test/archivetestdata/cp437-local-header.zip differ
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py b/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py
index 0d407371f40a0f..4dd534095307db 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_zipfile/test_core.py
@@ -1959,6 +1959,28 @@ def test_write_unicode_filenames(self):
             self.assertEqual(zf.filelist[0].filename, "foo.txt")
             self.assertEqual(zf.filelist[1].filename, "\xf6.txt")
 
+    @requires_subprocess()
+    def test_add_comment_to_cp437_zip(self):
+        """GH-84353 follow-on regression test."""
+        import shutil
+        if subprocess.call(["unzip", "-v"], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL):
+            self.skipTest("InfoZip unzip command not in PATH")
+        fname = findfile('cp437-local-header.zip', subdir='archivetestdata')
+        with temp_dir() as tmpdir:
+            test_zip = shutil.copy(fname, tmpdir)
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(test_zip, "a", metadata_encoding='cp437') as zipfp:
+                self.assertEqual(['«HOTDOG»'], zipfp.namelist())
+                zipfp.comment = b"bun"
+            # When the bug is present, test_zip is now corrupt.
+            # Its local header and central header differ.
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(test_zip, "r") as zipfp:
+                self.assertEqual(['«HOTDOG»'], zipfp.namelist())
+                # unzip -t validates local and central header consistency.
+                # TODO: Could we write our own code to check the same thing
+                # using zipfile internals?  External validation is nice.
+                unzip = subprocess.run(["unzip", "-t", test_zip], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                self.assertEqual(unzip.returncode, 0, msg=unzip.stdout.decode())
+
     def create_zipfile_with_extra_data(self, filename, extra_data_name):
         with zipfile.ZipFile(TESTFN, mode='w') as zf:
             filename_encoded = filename.encode("utf-8")
diff --git a/Lib/zipfile/__init__.py b/Lib/zipfile/__init__.py
index 86c3bc36b695c7..25c29d3827be7d 100644
--- a/Lib/zipfile/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/zipfile/__init__.py
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         result.append('>')
         return ''.join(result)
 
-    def FileHeader(self, zip64=None):
+    def FileHeader(self, zip64=None, metadata_encoding=None):
         """Return the per-file header as a bytes object.
 
         When the optional zip64 arg is None rather than a bool, we will
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ def FileHeader(self, zip64=None):
 
         self.extract_version = max(min_version, self.extract_version)
         self.create_version = max(min_version, self.create_version)
-        filename, flag_bits = self._encodeFilenameFlags()
+        filename, flag_bits = self._encodeFilenameFlags(metadata_encoding)
         header = struct.pack(structFileHeader, stringFileHeader,
                              self.extract_version, self.reserved, flag_bits,
                              self.compress_type, dostime, dosdate, CRC,
@@ -565,9 +565,9 @@ def FileHeader(self, zip64=None):
                              len(filename), len(extra))
         return header + filename + extra
 
-    def _encodeFilenameFlags(self):
+    def _encodeFilenameFlags(self, metadata_encoding):
         try:
-            return self.filename.encode('ascii'), self.flag_bits
+            return self.filename.encode(metadata_encoding or 'ascii'), self.flag_bits
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             return self.filename.encode('utf-8'), self.flag_bits | _MASK_UTF_FILENAME
 
@@ -1370,7 +1370,7 @@ def close(self):
                 # Preserve current position in file
                 self._zipfile.start_dir = self._fileobj.tell()
                 self._fileobj.seek(self._zinfo.header_offset)
-                self._fileobj.write(self._zinfo.FileHeader(self._zip64))
+                self._fileobj.write(self._zinfo.FileHeader(self._zip64, self.metadata_encoding))
                 self._fileobj.seek(self._zipfile.start_dir)
 
             # Successfully written: Add file to our caches
@@ -1435,9 +1435,9 @@ def __init__(self, file, mode="r", compression=ZIP_STORED, allowZip64=True,
         self.metadata_encoding = metadata_encoding
 
         # Check that we don't try to write with nonconforming codecs
-        if self.metadata_encoding and mode != 'r':
-            raise ValueError(
-                "metadata_encoding is only supported for reading files")
+        # if self.metadata_encoding and mode != 'r':
+        #     raise ValueError(
+        #         "metadata_encoding is only supported for reading files")
 
         # Check if we were passed a file-like object
         if isinstance(file, os.PathLike):
@@ -1830,7 +1830,7 @@ def _open_to_write(self, zinfo, force_zip64=False):
         self._writecheck(zinfo)
         self._didModify = True
 
-        self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(zip64))
+        self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(zip64, self.metadata_encoding))
 
         self._writing = True
         return _ZipWriteFile(self, zinfo, zip64)
@@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ def mkdir(self, zinfo_or_directory_name, mode=511):
 
             self.filelist.append(zinfo)
             self.NameToInfo[zinfo.filename] = zinfo
-            self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(False))
+            self.fp.write(zinfo.FileHeader(False, self.metadata_encoding))
             self.start_dir = self.fp.tell()
 
     def __del__(self):
@@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ def _write_end_record(self):
 
             extract_version = max(min_version, zinfo.extract_version)
             create_version = max(min_version, zinfo.create_version)
-            filename, flag_bits = zinfo._encodeFilenameFlags()
+            filename, flag_bits = zinfo._encodeFilenameFlags(self.metadata_encoding)
             centdir = struct.pack(structCentralDir,
                                   stringCentralDir, create_version,
                                   zinfo.create_system, extract_version, zinfo.reserved,