[0.83] fix(ios): Make removeClippedSubviews toggle-resilient

[cipolleschi]

Target Branch

0.83

Link to commit or PR to be picked

facebook/react-native#57023

Description

The removeClippedSubviews prop toggle path in RCTViewComponentView did not handle being turned off: children that were clipped (removed from superview) remained invisible, and _reactSubviews became stale, causing crashes.

Cherry-pick of facebook/react-native#56211 (D97971845).

[github-actions]

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