@@ -3683,6 +3683,33 @@ describe('credential protection', () => {
     expect(retried).toMatchObject({ ok: true, result: { dispatched: true } })
   })
 
+  it('names the overlay and nested controls a refused click can use next', async () => {
+    const contents = await openPage()
+    respondWith(contents, {
+      clickElement: {
+        error: 'obstructed',
+        blocker: 'We use cookies',
+        blockerControls: [{ id: 4, name: 'Accept all' }],
+      },
+    })
+    const covered = await driver.executeTool('chat-test', 'browser_click', { elementId: 0 })
+    respondWith(contents, {
+      clickElement: { error: 'nested-control', blocker: 'Delete channel', controlId: 3 },
+    })
+    const nested = await driver.executeTool('chat-test', 'browser_click', { elementId: 0 })
+
+    expect(covered).toEqual({
+      ok: false,
+      error: expect.stringContaining(
+        '[ref=4] "Accept all". Dismiss it with one of those, then retry the same id.'
+      ),
+    })
+    expect(nested).toEqual({
+      ok: false,
+      error: expect.stringContaining('Delete channel [ref=3]'),
+    })
+  })
+
   it('invalidates element ids when the active tab changes', async () => {
     await openPage()
     await driver.executeTool('chat-test', 'browser_open_tab', {})
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import type { BrowserDownloadsState, BrowserToolbarCommand } from '@sim/desktop-
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
 import { getErrorMessage } from '@sim/utils/errors'
 import { sleep } from '@sim/utils/helpers'
-import { isRecordLike, omit, toRecord } from '@sim/utils/object'
+import { isRecordLike, omit, toArray, toRecord } from '@sim/utils/object'
 import type { BrowserWindow, MenuItemConstructorOptions, WebContents, WebFrameMain } from 'electron'
 import { Menu } from 'electron'
 import * as cdp from '@/main/browser-agent/cdp'
@@ -1440,14 +1440,23 @@ function unwrapPageResult(result: unknown): unknown {
     }
     if (code === 'obstructed') {
       const blocker = String((result as { blocker?: unknown }).blocker || 'another element')
+      const controls = toArray((result as { blockerControls?: unknown }).blockerControls)
+        .map(toRecord)
+        .filter((control) => typeof control.id === 'number')
+        .map((control) => `[ref=${control.id}] "${String(control.name ?? '')}"`)
       throw new ToolError(
-        `That element is covered by ${blocker}. Close or move the overlay, then take a fresh browser_snapshot.`
+        controls.length > 0
+          ? `That element is covered by ${blocker}. The overlay's controls in the current snapshot: ${controls.join(', ')}. Dismiss it with one of those, then retry the same id.`
+          : `That element is covered by ${blocker}. Close or move the overlay, then take a fresh browser_snapshot.`
       )
     }
     if (code === 'nested-control') {
       const blocker = String((result as { blocker?: unknown }).blocker || 'a nested control')
+      const controlId = (result as { controlId?: unknown }).controlId
       throw new ToolError(
-        `The point you targeted lands on ${blocker}, which is its own control inside that element — nothing is covering it. Take a fresh browser_snapshot and use the id of the control you actually want.`
+        typeof controlId === 'number'
+          ? `The point you targeted lands on ${blocker} [ref=${controlId}], which is its own control inside that element — nothing is covering it. Use id ${controlId} if that is the control you want; otherwise target the element through a part that is not a separate control.`
+          : `The point you targeted lands on ${blocker}, which is its own control inside that element — nothing is covering it. Take a fresh browser_snapshot and use the id of the control you actually want.`
       )
     }
     if (code === 'suggestions-open') {
 
@@ -427,6 +427,7 @@ describe('combobox typing surfaces', () => {
     expect(focusElementForTyping(0)).toEqual({
       error: 'obstructed',
       blocker: 'Mondu',
+      blockerControls: [],
     })
 
     expect(clickElement(0, false)).toMatchObject({
@@ -448,6 +449,7 @@ describe('combobox typing surfaces', () => {
     expect(focusElementForTyping(0)).toEqual({
       error: 'obstructed',
       blocker: 'Mondu',
+      blockerControls: [],
     })
   })
 
@@ -643,6 +645,28 @@ describe('collectSnapshot', () => {
     expect(clicked).toBe(true)
   })
 
+  it('names the covering dialog controls so the agent can dismiss it and retry', () => {
+    document.body.innerHTML = `
+      <button aria-label="Checkout">Checkout</button>
+      <div role="dialog" aria-label="Cookie notice"><p>We use cookies</p>
+        <button>Accept all</button><button aria-label="Close notice">×</button>
+      </div>`
+    for (const element of Array.from(document.body.querySelectorAll('*'))) visible(element)
+    const outline = outlineOf(collectSnapshot())
+    const ref = refFor(outline, 'Checkout')
+    const notice = document.querySelector('p') as HTMLParagraphElement
+    Object.defineProperty(document, 'elementFromPoint', { configurable: true, value: () => notice })
+
+    expect(clickElement(ref, false)).toEqual({
+      error: 'obstructed',
+      blocker: 'We use cookies',
+      blockerControls: [
+        { id: refFor(outline, 'Accept all'), name: 'Accept all' },
+        { id: refFor(outline, 'Close notice'), name: 'Close notice' },
+      ],
+    })
+  })
+
   it('refuses a coordinate click when an overlay owns every hit point', () => {
     document.body.innerHTML =
       '<button aria-label="Delete draft">Delete</button><div aria-label="Confirmation overlay"></div>'
@@ -658,6 +682,7 @@ describe('collectSnapshot', () => {
     expect(clickElement(ref, false)).toEqual({
       error: 'obstructed',
       blocker: 'Confirmation overlay',
+      blockerControls: [],
     })
   })
 
@@ -682,6 +707,7 @@ describe('collectSnapshot', () => {
     expect(clickElement(ref, false)).toEqual({
       error: 'nested-control',
       blocker: 'Delete channel',
+      controlId: 1,
     })
   })
 
 
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ declare global {
     __simAgentShownElements?: WeakSet<Element>
     /** Installed by {@link installPageHelpers} before every page function; cached per call. */
     __simAgentIsExemptModal: (element: Element) => boolean
+    /** Installed by {@link installPageHelpers}: the element's id in the current snapshot. */
+    __simAgentRefOf: (element: Element | null) => number | null
+    /** Installed by {@link installPageHelpers}: the snapshot controls of the overlay a blocker belongs to. */
+    __simAgentOverlayControls: (blocker: Element | null) => Array<{ id: number; name: string }>
     /** Why the last __simAgentResolveElement call returned null — read by the
      * shared stale-error producers so a refusal names its cause instead of
      * the blanket "the page changed". Cleared on every successful resolve. */
@@ -84,6 +88,62 @@ export function installPageHelpers(): void {
     }
     return modal === element
   }
+  window.__simAgentRefOf = (element: Element | null): number | null => {
+    const index = element ? (window.__simAgentElements ?? []).indexOf(element) : -1
+    return index >= 0 ? index : null
+  }
+  /**
+   * A refusal that names the overlay's own controls lets the agent dismiss it and retry the
+   * same id without another snapshot. Only a real overlay qualifies — a dialog, a modal, or a
+   * fixed or sticky layer — so an ordinary element in the way never lists unrelated page controls.
+   */
+  window.__simAgentOverlayControls = (blocker: Element | null) => {
+    let overlay: Element | null = null
+    for (let current = blocker; current && !overlay; current = current.parentElement) {
+      const role = current.getAttribute('role')
+      const position = current.ownerDocument.defaultView?.getComputedStyle(current).position
+      if (
+        role === 'dialog' ||
+        role === 'alertdialog' ||
+        current.getAttribute('aria-modal') === 'true' ||
+        current.tagName === 'DIALOG' ||
+        position === 'fixed' ||
+        position === 'sticky'
+      ) {
+        overlay = current
+      }
+    }
+    if (!overlay) return []
+    const controls: Array<{ id: number; name: string }> = []
+    const registry = window.__simAgentElements ?? []
+    for (let id = 0; id < registry.length && controls.length < 4; id++) {
+      const element = registry[id]
+      if (!element || !overlay.contains(element)) continue
+      const role = element.getAttribute('role')
+      const tag = element.tagName
+      if (
+        tag !== 'BUTTON' &&
+        tag !== 'A' &&
+        role !== 'button' &&
+        role !== 'link' &&
+        !(tag === 'INPUT' && ['button', 'submit'].includes((element as HTMLInputElement).type))
+      ) {
+        continue
+      }
+      const name = (
+        element.getAttribute('aria-label') ||
+        (element as HTMLElement).innerText ||
+        (element as HTMLInputElement).value ||
+        element.getAttribute('title') ||
+        ''
+      )
+        .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+        .trim()
+        .slice(0, 60)
+      controls.push({ id, name })
+    }
+    return controls
+  }
   function findExemptModal(doc: Document): Element | null {
     const rendered: Array<{ modal: Element; hidden: Element[] }> = []
     for (const modal of Array.from(doc.querySelectorAll('[aria-modal="true"], dialog[open]'))) {
@@ -1361,9 +1421,21 @@ export function clickElement(
       }
     }
     if (nested) {
-      return { error: 'nested-control', blocker: blockerLabel(blocker) }
+      let control = blocker
+      while (control && control !== el && !isIndependentInteractive(control)) {
+        control = composedParent(control)
+      }
+      return {
+        error: 'nested-control',
+        blocker: blockerLabel(blocker),
+        controlId: control && control !== el ? window.__simAgentRefOf(control) : null,
+      }
+    }
+    return {
+      error: 'obstructed',
+      blocker: blockerLabel(blocker),
+      blockerControls: window.__simAgentOverlayControls(blocker),
     }
-    return { error: 'obstructed', blocker: blockerLabel(blocker) }
   }
 
   let pageX = clientX
@@ -1775,7 +1847,11 @@ export function focusElementForTyping(id: number, moveFocus = true): unknown {
     }
   }
   if (!chosenPoint) {
-    return { error: 'obstructed', blocker: blockerLabel(firstBlocker) }
+    return {
+      error: 'obstructed',
+      blocker: blockerLabel(firstBlocker),
+      blockerControls: window.__simAgentOverlayControls(firstBlocker),
+    }
   }
 
   return {