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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<h1 class="main">Modules</h1>
<p>Every file in the root of a folder is part of the same module.
Simple programs don't need to specify module name, in which case it defaults to 'main'.
This also applies to scripts with top-level statements that import other modules.</p>
<p>See <a href="symbol-visibility.html">symbol visibility</a>, <a href="structs.html#access-modifiers">Access modifiers</a>.</p>
<h2 id="create-modules">Create modules <a href="modules.html#create-modules" class="header-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
<p>V is a very modular language. Creating reusable modules is encouraged and is
quite easy to do.
To create a new module, create a directory with your module's name containing
.v files with code:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cd ~/code/modules
mkdir mymodule
vim mymodule/myfile.v
</code></pre>
<div class="language-v">// myfile.v
module mymodule
// To export a function we have to use `pub`
pub fn say_hi() {
println('hello from mymodule!')
}
</div>
<p>All items inside a module can be used between the files of a module regardless of whether or
not they are prefaced with the <code>pub</code> keyword.</p>
<div class="language-v">// myfile2.v
module mymodule
pub fn say_hi_and_bye() {
say_hi() // from myfile.v
println('goodbye from mymodule')
}
</div>
<p>You can now use <code>mymodule</code> in your code:</p>
<div class="language-v">import mymodule
fn main() {
mymodule.say_hi()
mymodule.say_hi_and_bye()
}
</div>
<ul>
<li>Module names should be short, under 10 characters.</li>
<li>Module names must use <code>snake_case</code>.</li>
<li>Circular imports are not allowed.</li>
<li>You can have as many .v files in a module as you want.</li>
<li>You can create modules anywhere under a valid V module lookup root.</li>
<li>All modules are compiled statically into a single executable.</li>
</ul>
<p>Reserved keywords can be module names without escaping. For example, <code>type/type.v</code> can declare
<code>module type</code>; another file can use <code>import type</code> and call <code>type.value()</code>. Keywords also work in
longer import paths, such as <code>import type.bar</code>. If a keyword cannot be used as an expression
qualifier, give the import an alias with <code>as</code>.
Module path segments must not start with <code>@</code>.</p>
<p>In normal projects, the nearest <code>v.mod</code> file is that lookup root.
Besides package metadata, <code>v.mod</code> also acts as a relative module anchor:
V prepends the folder containing <code>v.mod</code> to the module lookup path, so
files beside or below it can import sibling modules under the same tree.</p>
<p>To keep module lookup inside a project, place an empty <code>.v.mod.stop</code> file in
its root. When V walks upward from a source file, it searches that directory
but not its parents. The marker also prevents V from selecting a <code>v.mod</code> above
it as the project's root. An explicit <code>-path</code> can still name modules outside