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fix(ci): drop lib/pq by moving golang-migrate onto the pgx/v5 driver - #1850
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govulncheck fails repo-wide on three github.com/lib/pq advisories, GO-2026-6170 / 6171 / 6172 (CVE-2026-56871 / 2 / 3). All three were introduced at lib/pq 1.0.0 with no fix event in any release, so no version bump clears them, and all three list Driver.Open, conn.Exec, conn.Query and rows.Next among their affected symbols, which is why source-mode govulncheck reaches them rather than reporting an import-level-only finding. Every pull request has been red since the advisories were published. lib/pq entered the build through a single blank import: golang-migrate's database/postgres driver, which this repo uses only to run migrations. golang-migrate v4.19.1 also ships database/pgx/v5, built on jackc/pgx v5, which the application already uses everywhere else through pgxpool. The pgx/v5 driver registers the URL scheme "pgx5" only, where the lib/pq driver registered "postgres" and "postgresql", and golang-migrate resolves the driver by scheme at Open() time. So the scheme has to move with the import, in the library and in every place that hands a URL to the migrate CLI. A mismatch fails at migration time, not compile time, and migrations run on every container start when DB_AUTO_MIGRATE=true. Both advisory-lock derivation (GenerateAdvisoryLockId over database, schema and migrations table) and the schema_migrations table name are identical between the two drivers, so migration state carries over and a partially rolled deployment still mutually excludes. Changes: - internal/database/postgres/migrations/migrate.go: import database/pgx/v5 instead of database/postgres, and build the DSN from a named migrateURLScheme constant rather than a hardcoded "postgres://". - Dockerfile, Makefile, ci.yml, database-migration.yml: build the migrate CLI with -tags pgx5, so the binary executed on every container start stops carrying lib/pq too. - scripts/entrypoint.sh, database-migration.yml, ci.yml: emit pgx5:// URLs to match. - Two regression tests: one pins the DSN scheme to a driver the package actually imports (asserting against database.List(), so it fails in both directions), one asserts the lib/pq-backed driver is not registered at all. Proof the dependency left the build rather than just go.mod: packages matching github.com/lib/pq in `go list -deps ./...` go from 3 to 0 in the root module, and from 3 to 0 in the `-test` closure. It remains reachable in `go list -m all` only as a test dependency of testcontainers-go/modules/postgres, which nothing here compiles. Closes #1849
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📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughMigration support now uses golang-migrate’s pgx5 driver. Builds, CI jobs, runtime scripts, application DSNs, tests, dependencies, and documentation use the ChangesMigration driver alignment
Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to The PR removes lib/pq from the current build and switches migrations to pgx5, but it does not add an automated guard against the vulnerable dependency being reintroduced later. The change is mergeable with explicit owner awareness and follow-up to add that security/build-closure check. 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1❌ Failed checks (1 inconclusive)
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✨ Finishing Touches📝 Generate docstrings
🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)
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…ours Building the CLI with -tags=pgx5 removed lib/pq from the shipped image but replaced it with something worse: `go install ...@v4.19.1` resolves dependencies from golang-migrate's own go.mod, which pins jackc/pgx v5.5.4, golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 and golang.org/x/text v0.31.0. The postgres tag never linked any of those, so the swap took /usr/local/bin/migrate from five advisories with no published fix to seventeen with one, and scripts/scan-shipped-image.sh failed the build exactly as it should have. Build cmd/migrate as a package of this module instead, with no @Version suffix, so it resolves against the repo's own pins: pgx v5.9.2, x/crypto v0.53.0, x/text v0.39.0, every one of them above the fixed version the advisories name. Measured with `govulncheck -mode=binary` on the resulting binary: no vulnerabilities found, against seventeen fixable ones for the @v4.19.1 build of the same source at the same tag. In the Dockerfile this moves the build below `go mod download`, where go.mod and go.sum exist, and lets `go build -o` replace the GOPATH and cross-compilation-subdirectory resolution that `go install` needed. The version now comes from go.mod rather than being restated: MIGRATE_VERSION is gone from the Makefile, and the -X main.Version ldflag reads `go list -m -f '{{.Version}}' github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4`. Refs #1849
DEVELOPMENT.md and DEPLOYMENT.md hand operators seven `migrate -database "postgresql://..."` commands, including the manual production migration run against RDS. With migrate now built -tags pgx5, every one of them fails with `unknown driver postgres` at the point someone is already reaching for a runbook. The dev image's binary (the upstream v4.17.0 release tarball, which registers all drivers including pgx5) and the pgx5-only binaries built from this repo both accept pgx5://, so the same scheme is correct in every one of these contexts. Each file gets one note saying why the scheme is what it is, so the next reader does not correct it back. Refs #1849
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Inline comments:
In `@internal/database/postgres/migrations/migrate_security_test.go`:
- Around line 187-193: Extend the security checks around
TestLibPqDriverNotRegistered to validate the root and pgx5 migrate build
closures directly, ensuring github.com/lib/pq is absent from both dependency
closures in addition to checking database.List() registration. Keep the existing
registration assertions and use the project’s established dependency/build
inspection mechanism for these closure checks.
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.github/workflows/ci.yml.github/workflows/database-migration.ymlDockerfileMakefiledocs/DEPLOYMENT.mddocs/DEVELOPMENT.mdgo.modinternal/database/postgres/migrations/migrate.gointernal/database/postgres/migrations/migrate_security_test.goscripts/entrypoint.sh
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Verification evidencegovulncheck v1.1.4 (the CI pin), per module, exit codes capturedBEFORE was measured on a pristine worktree at
govulncheck exits 3 when it finds vulnerabilities. AFTER, every module reports The issue undercounts: there are five lib/pq advisories now, not three. The baseline run reports GO-2026-6172, 6171, 6170 and also:
The database grew between the issue being filed and now, which is the same time-based mechanism the issue describes. One removal clears all five. The dependency left the build, not just go.mod
Caveat worth stating plainly: End to end against a real PostgreSQL
The negative case is the point: the scheme change is load-bearing, and it fails at runtime rather than compile time.
The shipped imageRebuilt locally and scanned with the live gate, The migrate binary is now clean of all advisories, fixable or not, where on The version string comes from Regression tests fail on the pre-fix codeMutation-tested against a committed tree, restored by the inverse edit:
The second is the one that matters: the pre-fix code is internally consistent, so only a test asserting the absence of lib/pq catches a revert. Other
Note on the second commitThe |
The test comment cited three advisories, matching issue #1849 as filed. The baseline govulncheck run over origin/main reports five: GO-2026-6166 (GSS authentication completes without mutual proof) and GO-2026-6168 (unbounded iteration count, CPU denial of service in lib/pq/scram) were published after the issue, and are equally unfixable. A comment that undercounts what the guard covers invites someone to weigh the tradeoff against the wrong number. Refs #1849
…nregistered Addresses the CodeRabbit review on #1850. Registration is the weaker of the two axes on its own: a future change could link lib/pq into the binary without registering a golang-migrate driver, and `database.List()` would stay clean while govulncheck went red on someone else's pull request. The verification for this PR measured the build closures by hand (`go list -deps`, three lib/pq packages down to zero, same for the -test closure) but nothing encoded it. This makes the guard reach as far as the property that was actually checked. Both targets are covered, since they are separate builds and covering one leaves the other unguarded: the root module (`go list -deps ./...`) and the migrate CLI as this repo builds it (`-tags=pgx5`, the binary entrypoint.sh runs against the database on every container start). A failed command and an empty package list are hard failures rather than an empty closure. "The list does not contain lib/pq" is trivially true of a list that came back empty because the toolchain was missing or `go list` errored, which would leave a guard that passes for the wrong reason. Verified in both directions rather than assumed: - On the exact pre-fix state (postgres import + postgres scheme), the closure subtest fails BY ASSERTION, naming the packages: `Should be empty, but was [github.com/lib/pq/oid github.com/lib/pq/scram github.com/lib/pq]`. Not a panic, not a shelling-out error. - With the test binary run against a PATH that has no `go` on it, both closure subtests FAIL rather than silently passing. - The registration subtest is unchanged and still fails on that same mutation. The CLI subtest's limit is stated in the comment rather than left implied: it pins the build as configured and cannot notice someone changing the tag back to `postgres` in the Dockerfile, which is a build-configuration change no Go test observes. Runtime is 0.6s for all three subtests. Refs #1849
…1850) govulncheck fails repo-wide on five lib/pq advisories with no fix Every module's source-mode govulncheck reported GO-2026-6166, 6168, 6170, 6171 and 6172 in github.com/lib/pq, reached through Driver.Open and conn.Exec. All five are Fixed in: N/A, so no version bump clears them and every branch went red on a dependency nothing here imports directly. The issue was filed naming three; the database grew two more while it sat. lib/pq arrived through exactly one edge: internal/database/postgres/ migrations imported golang-migrate's database/postgres driver, which is lib/pq-backed. Moving that blank import to database/pgx/v5 removes the module from the build closure, and pgx is already this repo's driver everywhere else. The driver swap is not import-only. database/pgx/v5 registers just the pgx5 scheme, where database/postgres registered postgres and postgresql, and golang-migrate selects its driver by URL scheme. Every migration URL had to move to pgx5:// - scripts/entrypoint.sh, which runs migrate up on every container start, the three per-cloud jobs in database-migration.yml, and the copy-pasteable commands in the docs. The standalone migrate CLI moved to -tags=pgx5 for the same reason. That binary runs against production on every container start, so leaving lib/pq in it would have cleaned the source-mode signal while the real exposure stayed. The naive form of that change regressed the image gate: go install pkg@v4.19.1 resolves dependencies from golang-migrate's own go.mod, which pins pgx v5.5.4 and x/crypto v0.45.0, so the shipped CLI came back with 17 fixable advisories. Building it from this module instead makes its dependency graph ours, and the binary is now clean of every advisory, fixable or not, where main's carries the five unfixable lib/pq ones. Verified: govulncheck clean across all six modules where it previously exited 3; go list -deps drops from 3 lib/pq packages to 0 for both ./... and -test ./...; migrations run up and down against a real PostgreSQL on the new URL scheme; the rebuilt image scans clean under scripts/scan-shipped-image.sh, with migrate reporting v4.19.1 and drivers "stub, pgx5" from inside the container. TestLibPqDriverNotRegistered guards both axes rather than one. Driver registration alone would stay green if a change linked lib/pq without registering a driver, so the build closure is asserted directly for the root module and for the CLI as configured. A failed or empty go list is a hard failure, not an absence, so the guard cannot pass for the wrong reason. All three subtests execute in the default unit-test run. go mod why still reports a path to lib/pq. It runs through the test binary of testcontainers-go, a module-graph artifact rather than a linked dependency, which is why go list -deps is the measurement that matters. Deferred: #1851, migrate down -all cannot roll back past migration 55 and leaves the database dirty, reproduced here and pre-existing on main, with database-migration.yml exposing direction: down against all three clouds. #1838, Dockerfile.dev still downloads a prebuilt v4.17.0 migrate that links lib/pq; dev-only and not the shipped runtime image. Not verified: the deployed migration path against RDS, Cloud SQL or Azure Database, which needs real cloud credentials.
1 participant
What
govulncheckfails repo-wide on fivegithub.com/lib/pqadvisories, blockingevery merge. This removes the dependency rather than tolerating it: golang-migrate
moves from its lib/pq-backed
database/postgresdriver todatabase/pgx/v5,built on the
jackc/pgxv5 stack the application already uses throughpgxpool.Closes #1849
Why a bump cannot fix it
lib/pq/scramFive, not the three the issue lists. GO-2026-6166 and GO-2026-6168 were
published after it was filed, which is the same time-based mechanism the issue
describes. One removal clears all five.
Every affected range has an
introducedevent and nofixedevent, so no versionexists to move to, now or on any schedule.
Nor is the finding unreachable. The advisories list
Driver.Open,conn.Exec,conn.Query,conn.Pingandrows.Nextamong their affectedsymbols, which are exactly the symbols golang-migrate's postgres driver calls.
That is why source-mode govulncheck fails rather than reporting an
import-level-only finding.
lib/pqreached the build through one blank import ininternal/database/postgres/migrations/migrate.go.The URL scheme moves with the driver
golang-migrate resolves the database driver by URL scheme at
Open()time. Thepgx/v5 driver registers
pgx5only; the lib/pq driver registeredpostgresand
postgresql. A mismatch fails at migration time, not compile time, andscripts/entrypoint.shruns migrations on every container start whenDB_AUTO_MIGRATE=true. So every site that hands a URL to the migrate CLI movesin the same change:
scripts/entrypoint.sh, the fourDB_URL=constructions in.github/workflows/database-migration.yml, and the integration-test migration in.github/workflows/ci.yml.The driver rewrites the scheme back to
postgresinternally beforesql.Open("pgx/v5", ...), so nothing downstream of it seespgx5.The migrate CLI moves too
Makefile,Dockerfileand both workflows built the CLI with-tags postgres,which links lib/pq into the binary the runtime image executes on every container
start. They now build with
-tags pgx5(internal/cli/build_pgxv5.go, guarded by//go:build pgx5).This was a deliberate call rather than a forced one:
scripts/scan-shipped-image.shtolerates advisories with no published fix, so the image gate would have stayed
green with lib/pq still shipped. Leaving it would have kept the actual exposure in
the binary that talks to the production database, while only the source-mode
signal was cleaned. See 1841 for that gate and 1836 for why scanning gaps matter
here.
The naive form of that swap was wrong, and the image gate caught it. The first
commit used
go install <pkg>@v4.19.1, which resolves dependencies fromgolang-migrate's own
go.mod(pgx v5.5.4,x/crypto v0.45.0,x/text v0.31.0).The
postgrestag never linked any of those, so the swap traded five unfixableadvisories for seventeen fixable ones, and
Scan the shipped image for Go advisoriesfailed exactly as designed.The second commit builds
cmd/migrateas a package of this module (no@versionsuffix), so it resolves at this repo's own pins, all of which are aboveevery fixed version those advisories name. In the Dockerfile that moves the build
below
go mod downloadand letsgo build -oreplace the GOPATH andcross-compilation-subdirectory resolution
go installneeded.MIGRATE_VERSIONis gone from the Makefile: the version now comes from
go.modviago list -m -f '{{.Version}}'rather than being restated in three places.Result, measured on the rebuilt image with the live gate:
Migration state is unaffected
Both drivers derive the advisory lock identically
(
database.GenerateAdvisoryLockId(databaseName, schemaName, migrationsTableName)into
pg_advisory_lock) and both default to theschema_migrationstable. Versionstate carries over, and a partially rolled deployment running one binary of each
kind still mutually excludes.
Proof the dependency left the build
Packages matching
github.com/lib/pqin the build closure, measured withgo list -depsacross all six modules of thego.work:go list -deps ./...(root module)go list -deps -test ./...(root module)It is gone from
go.mod. It remains visible ingo list -m allas a testdependency of
testcontainers-go/modules/postgres, which nothing in this repocompiles; that is a module-graph artifact, not a linked dependency, and it is not
what govulncheck analyses.
Regression tests
Two, both in
internal/database/postgres/migrations/migrate_security_test.go:TestBuildMigrateDSN_SchemeMatchesRegisteredDriverasserts the DSN's scheme isin
database.List(), so it fails if the import and the scheme ever diverge ineither direction.
TestLibPqDriverNotRegisteredassertspostgresandpostgresqlare notregistered, catching a re-added lib/pq import at test time rather than as a red
CI run on someone else's pull request.
Verification
govulncheckv1.1.4 (the CI pin) across. pkg providers/aws providers/azure providers/gcp tests/e2e, exit codes captured per module, before and after.migrate upandmigrate downend to end against a real PostgreSQL, using aCLI built with
-tags=pgx5and apgx5://URL.go build ./...,go test ./...per module,golangci-lintat the CI-pinnedv2.10.1.
scripts/scan-shipped-image.sh,exit code 0.
Full evidence, including the mutation test showing both regression tests fail on
the pre-fix code, is in a comment below.