feat(providers): add credential refresh foundation

[johntmyers]

Summary

Adds the first provider credential refresh implementation slice for #1306. This PR wires refresh metadata through profiles, providers, gateway APIs, provider environment resolution, and sandbox placeholder resolution, and now includes gateway-owned token minting for OAuth2 refresh-token, OAuth2 client-credentials, and Google service-account JWT credentials.

Related Issue

Refs #1306

Changes

• Adds provider profile credential refresh metadata and provider credential expiry fields to the proto model.
• Adds refresh status/configure/rotate/delete RPCs and CLI commands:
  • openshell provider refresh status NAME [--credential-key KEY]
  • openshell provider refresh configure NAME --credential-key KEY --strategy STRATEGY --material KEY=VALUE --secret-material-key KEY --credential-expires-at TIMESTAMP_MS
  • openshell provider refresh rotate NAME --credential-key KEY
  • openshell provider refresh delete NAME --credential-key KEY
  • openshell provider update NAME --credential-expires-at KEY=TIMESTAMP_MS
• Stores provider refresh runtime state as scoped objects in the existing objects table using scope = provider_id.
• Adds a gateway refresh worker and immediate provider refresh rotate path that mint short-lived access tokens and write the current token back to the provider record.
• Adds secret-safe gateway logs for refresh worker startup, sweep summaries, each watched provider credential, due/rotation status, next refresh timing, refresh starts, refresh completions, and refresh failures.
• Supports gateway-owned minting for:
  • OAuth2 refresh-token exchange, including rotated refresh tokens.
  • Microsoft/O365-style OAuth2 client credentials.
  • Google service-account JWT exchange, including optional delegated subject.
• Keeps token endpoints profile-owned: refresh material cannot override token_url/token_uri, and profile-required refresh material is validated at configure time.
• Enforces provider profile max_lifetime_seconds as a cap on minted token lifetime even when the provider token endpoint returns a longer expires_in.
• Adds built-in refresh-backed provider profiles for outlook and google-drive.
• Allows creating provider records without an initial static credential only when all required profile credentials are gateway-mintable refresh credentials.
• Expires credentials in gateway provider env resolution and carries expiry metadata to sandbox credential snapshots.
• Makes sandbox placeholder resolution fail closed for expired retained provider credential generations.

UX Changes

Static credential flows continue to work. Users can still create providers with injected current credentials and optionally annotate expiration timestamps:

openshell provider update github-work \
  --credential-expires-at GITHUB_TOKEN=1767225600000

Refresh-backed providers can now be created before a current access token exists when the profile's required credentials are gateway-mintable. Profiles that still require a static credential continue to require that credential at create time.

OAuth2 refresh-token providers can be configured with refresh material and then rotated immediately:

openshell provider create --name microsoft-work --type outlook

openshell provider refresh configure microsoft-work \
  --credential-key MS_GRAPH_ACCESS_TOKEN \
  --strategy oauth2_refresh_token \
  --material client_id="$MS_CLIENT_ID" \
  --material refresh_token="$MS_REFRESH_TOKEN" \
  --secret-material-key refresh_token

openshell provider refresh rotate microsoft-work \
  --credential-key MS_GRAPH_ACCESS_TOKEN

OAuth2 client-credentials providers use the same flow:

openshell provider refresh configure microsoft-work \
  --credential-key MS_GRAPH_ACCESS_TOKEN \
  --strategy oauth2_client_credentials \
  --material tenant_id="$MS_TENANT_ID" \
  --material client_id="$MS_CLIENT_ID" \
  --material client_secret="$MS_CLIENT_SECRET" \
  --secret-material-key client_secret

Google Drive service-account refresh follows the same provider lifecycle:

openshell provider create --name drive-work --type google-drive

openshell provider refresh configure drive-work \
  --credential-key GOOGLE_DRIVE_ACCESS_TOKEN \
  --strategy google_service_account_jwt \
  --material client_email="$GOOGLE_CLIENT_EMAIL" \
  --material private_key="$GOOGLE_PRIVATE_KEY" \
  --secret-material-key private_key

openshell provider refresh rotate drive-work \
  --credential-key GOOGLE_DRIVE_ACCESS_TOKEN

Refresh status now exposes operational state without printing secrets:

openshell provider refresh status microsoft-work

PROVIDER                CREDENTIAL_KEY                STRATEGY                     STATUS              EXPIRES_AT            NEXT_REFRESH          LAST_REFRESH          LAST_ERROR
microsoft-work          MS_GRAPH_ACCESS_TOKEN         oauth2_refresh_token         ready               2026-01-01 00:00:00   2025-12-31 23:50:00   2025-12-31 23:00:00   -

Empty status output now distinguishes whole-provider checks from single-credential checks:

No refresh configurations found for provider 'microsoft-work'.
No refresh configuration found for provider 'microsoft-work' credential 'MS_GRAPH_ACCESS_TOKEN'.

openshell provider refresh delete NAME --credential-key KEY removes the refresh state. It clears credential_expires_at_ms only when that expiry was owned by the refresh state; manually set expiry from openshell provider update --credential-expires-at is preserved.

When providers_v2_enabled=true, these profiles also contribute provider policy layers and profile-backed credential injection for attached/created sandboxes:

openshell settings set --global --key providers_v2_enabled --value true --yes

openshell sandbox create --name provider-refresh-smoke \
  --provider microsoft-work \
  --provider drive-work \
  -- echo ok

Current Behavior

• The current provider credential value remains the injectable source of truth.
• Gateway-owned refresh writes minted short-lived tokens back to the provider record and updates credential expiry metadata.
• provider refresh configure accepts gateway-mintable strategies only: oauth2_refresh_token, oauth2_client_credentials, and google_service_account_jwt.
• Static and external refresh-style updates are handled through openshell provider update, not provider refresh configure.
• provider refresh rotate performs an immediate gateway-managed refresh for supported strategies.
• The background refresh worker checks persisted refresh state and refreshes due credentials.
• Gateway logs identify which provider credentials are watched, whether they are due, their status, and seconds until expiry/next refresh without logging token values or refresh material.
• Token endpoints come from provider profiles only; configure requests cannot inject endpoint URLs through refresh material.
• Empty provider creation is allowed only when every required credential in the profile can be gateway-minted by refresh.
• Expired credentials are skipped by gateway provider environment resolution.
• Existing sandbox placeholder resolution rejects expired retained credential generations.
• External refresh systems can still push new current credentials through openshell provider update.

Testing

• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-server -p openshell-cli -p openshell-providers -p openshell-sandbox --no-run
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-server provider_refresh -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-providers -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-server provider_validation_errors -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-cli provider_create_allows_empty_credentials_for_gateway_refresh_profiles -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-cli provider_refresh_cli_run_functions_wire_requests -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-cli --lib -j1 refresh_status_table_includes_operational_fields -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-server --lib -j1 configure_provider_refresh_stores_scoped_status_and_provider_expiry -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-server -j1 delete_provider_refresh_preserves_manually_updated_expiry -- --nocapture
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo clippy -p openshell-server --all-targets -- -D warnings
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo clippy -p openshell-cli --lib --tests -j1 -- -D warnings
• RUSTC_WRAPPER= cargo test -p openshell-cli http_health_check_supports_plain_http_endpoints -- --nocapture
• mise run pre-commit

Checklist

• Tests pass locally
• Documentation updated for user-facing behavior
• No secrets or credentials committed

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