Enable global applicability

[ekatef]

The PR brings in functionality to enable accuracy of GridBuilder when being applied to any country of the world.

Disclaimer

The implementation is build an a combination of PyPSA-Earth approach with learnings from the regional grid studies conducted during previous year by PyPSA-meets-Earth and MapYourGrid initiatives. I have updated the authors list accordingly, though it is not exhaustive yet.

Major changes

1. Restore country field since it is crucial for correct assignment of conductor types. Bring-in regional line types #7 provides more details on that.
2. Improved reliability and accuracy of the parameters clean-up according to results of the global grid-building runs.
3. Enhanced treatment of the frequency field to enable generalisation.
4. Increase reliability for non-perfect data, specifically for the countries where some of the data features can be missing.
5. Added connections with the data-producing initiatives on which the project builds up.
6. Enable usage of custom data.
7. Added treatment of DC lines using a combination of PyPSA-Earth experience with the relation concept proposed in PyPSA-Eur.
8. Bug-fixing, removal of hard-coding and human proof-read of the documentation.

Reviewer checklist

• There are no pip dependencies in the module's environment files (workflow/envs/).
• All rules use pathvars (e.g., <results>) in their inputs and outputs.
• The integration test-suite is successful, including:
  • pre-commit.ci tests pass.
  • tests pass for all relevant OS configurations (linux, osx, windows).
• Module documentation is up-to-date, including:
  • INTERFACE.yaml mentions all relevant pathvars and wildcards.
  • README.md describes how to use the module and has the necessary citations.

[ekatef]

@davide-f it would be good to have your looks on that. The major goal of this PR is to enable global applicability of GridBuilder creating a base to port results of this base if the regional grid modelling studies from global grid modelling.

To facilitate generalisation, it can be handy to use composite_clean_build branch which has been created to incorporate into PyPSA-Eath grid modelling the approaches amended to it in PyPSA-Eur.