Add Egg Drop algorithm

[AswinPKumar01]

Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm: Implemented the Egg Drop Algorithm using dynamic programming. This algorithm calculates the minimum number of attempts required in the worst-case scenario to determine the highest floor from which an egg can be dropped without breaking.

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, I have opened a separate PR for this algorithm.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation: Egg Dropping Problem - Wikipedia.

[AswinPKumar01]

Contribution as a part of hacktoberfest

[cclauss]

Fixed in:

• Add dynamic programming solution for Egg Dropping Problem #12066