[C++][CI] ccache not effective on MSVC builds

[pitrou]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

In several MSVC-based C++ builds, we can see that ccache marks most compilation calls as uncacheable.

This causes these builds to be much slower than desired and to consume more CI resources.

Cacheable calls:                7560 / 76069 ( 9.94%)
  Hits:                         7033 /  7560 (93.03%)
    Direct:                     7021 /  7033 (99.83%)
    Preprocessed:                 12 /  7033 ( 0.17%)
  Misses:                        527 /  7560 ( 6.97%)
Uncacheable calls:             68509 / 76069 (90.06%)
  Called for linking:           5360 / 68509 ( 7.82%)
  Called for preprocessing:      560 / 68509 ( 0.82%)
  No input file:                  80 / 68509 ( 0.12%)
  Unsupported compiler option: 62449 / 68509 (91.15%)
  Unsupported source language:    60 / 68509 ( 0.09%)

Component(s)

C++, Continuous Integration

[pitrou]

Issue resolved by pull request 50387
#50387