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Releases: apache/fory

v1.0.0

21 May 06:19
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v1.0.0
36a01b6

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v1.0.0 Latest
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The Apache Fory team is pleased to announce the 1.0.0 release. This milestone release includes 84 PRs from 11 distinct contributors and turns the cross-language runtime into the default path across supported languages. See the Install page to get the libraries for your platform.

Highlights

Apache Fory 1.0.0 standardizes the cross-language serialization model. The unified xlang type system is now the default mode across languages, with compatible-mode reads, simplified field ordering, and better list/array compatibility. The release also adds decimal and bfloat16 support for xlang serialization.

The language runtimes continue to converge around the same schema and metadata model. Nested container and field codec support landed across Rust, C++, C#, Go, Dart, Python, and Swift. Kotlin gains xlang, KSP, and schema IDL support, while Scala adds schema IDL support and updated generated annotations.

This release also expands deployment coverage and performance work. Java gains Android serialization support, annotation processor support and nested type-use serialization metadata. Dart typed-container fast paths and generated struct optimizations improve throughput, alongside refreshed benchmark plots.

Key Features:

Features

Bug Fixes

  • fix(dart): resolve fory pub.dev score issues by @chaokunyang in #3585
  • fix(dart): fix dart ci by @chaokunyang in #3586
  • fix(dart): use getUint32 for correctly encoding u64 value by @ayush00git in #3592
  • fix(c++): fix c++ duration serialization by @chaokunyang in #3598
  • fix(javascript): align TypeMeta preamble constants with python/java/rust/go xlang bindings by @emrul in #3603
  • fix(javascript): fix javascript schema idl tests by @chaokunyang in #3604
  • fix(dart): added >>> for correct logical right shift semantics in uint by @ayush00git in #3607
  • fix(go): ensure physical buffer space for unsafe varint fast-paths by @ayush00git in #3613
  • fix(go): add bound checking for refResolver and metaStringResolver reads by @ayush00git in #3615
  • fix(go): added pre-allocation bounds checks for slices and strings by @ayush00git in #3618
  • fix(go): added maxBinarySize limit to decimal deserialization by @ayush00git in #3623
  • fix(go): add configurable fieldCount and fieldDepth guardrails by @ayush00git in #3620
  • fix(java): honor record field encoding in generated decode by @mandrean in #3626
  • fix(java): preserve externalizable containers in compatible mode by @mandrean in #3628
  • fix(python): enforce more checks in read by @chaokunyang in #3632
  • fix(xlang): fix xlang type system by @chaokunyang in #3646
  • fix(java): use REPLACE_STUB_ID for unregistered writeReplace classes to prevent cross-JVM ClassNotFoundException by @wakilurislam in #3638
  • fix(java): fix set view ref tracking by @chaokunyang in #3649
  • fix(java): recover map declared serializers for compatible reads by @mandrean in #3654
  • fix: include TypeMeta header bits in hash by @chaokunyang in #3659
  • fix(java): serialize suppressed exceptions by @chaokunyang in #3663
  • fix(javascript): preserve getTypeInfo in regenerated read serializer by @xhzq233 in #3669
  • fix(java): validate subclass serializer layer counts by @chaokunyang in #3676
  • fix(java): avoid instantiating abstract meta-share types by @chaokunyang in #3677
  • fix: fix release script by @chaokunyang in #3687...
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Contributors

emrul, mandrean, and 7 other contributors
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v1.0.0-rc1

18 May 01:44
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v1.0.0-rc1
36a01b6

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v1.0.0-rc1 Pre-release
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Highlights

  • Unified the xlang type system and made xlang the default mode across languages: #3644, #3685
  • Added decimal and bfloat16 support for xlang serialization: #3599, #3605
  • Added nested container and field codec support across Rust, C++, C#, Go, Dart, Python, and Swift: #3625, #3630, #3636, #3639, #3640, #3641, #3643
  • Added Kotlin xlang, KSP, and schema IDL support: #3679, #3684
  • Added Scala schema IDL support and updated generated annotations: #3681, #3682
  • Added Android serialization support, including Java annotation processor support: #3667, #3670
  • Improved xlang compatibility with default compatible mode, simplified field ordering, and list/array compatible reads: #3648, #3650, #3675
  • Improved serialization performance, including Dart typed-container fast paths and generated struct optimizations: #3609, #3653, #3656, #3661
  • Added Java schema typed row field accessors and nested type-use serialization metadata: #3631, #3633

Features

Bug Fix

  • fix(dart): resolve fory pub.dev score issues by @chaokunyang in #3585
  • fix(dart): fix dart ci by @chaokunyang in #3586
  • fix(dart): use getUint32 for correctly encoding u64 value by @ayush00git in #3592
  • fix(c++): fix c++ duration serialization by @chaokunyang in #3598
  • fix(javascript): align TypeMeta preamble constants with python/java/rust/go xlang bindings by @emrul in #3603
  • fix(javascript): fix javascript schema idl tests by @chaokunyang in #3604
  • fix(dart): added <<< for correct logical right shift semantics in uint by @ayush00git in #3607
  • fix(go): ensure physical buffer space for unsafe varint fast-paths by @ayush00git in #3613
  • fix(go): add bound checking for refResolver and metaStringResolver reads by @ayush00git in #3615
  • fix(go): added pre-allocation bounds checks for slices and strings by @ayush00git in #3618
  • fix(go): added maxBinarySize limit to decimal deserialization by @ayush00git in #3623
  • fix(go): add configurable fieldCount and fieldDepth guardrails by @ayush00git in #3620
  • fix(java): honor record field encoding in generated decode by @mandrean in #3626
  • fix(java): preserve externalizable containers in compatible mode by @mandrean in #3628
  • fix(python): enforce more checks in read by @chaokunyang in #3632
  • fix(xlang): fix xlang type system by @chaokunyang in #3646
  • fix(java): use REPLACE_STUB_ID for unregistered writeReplace classes to prevent cross-JVM ClassNotFoundException by @wakilurislam in #3638
  • fix(java): fix set view ref tracking by @chaokunyang in #3649
  • fix(java): recover map declared serializers for compatible reads by @mandrean in #3654
  • fix: include TypeMeta header bits in hash by @chaokunyang in #3659
  • fix(java): serialize suppressed exceptions by @chaokunyang in #3663
  • fix(javascript): preserve getTypeInfo in regenerated read serializer by @xhzq233 in #3669
  • fix(java): validate subclass serializer layer counts by @chaokunyang in #3676
  • fix(java): avoid instantiating abstract meta-share types by @chaokunyang in #3677
  • fix: fix release script by @chaokunyang in #3687

Other Improvements

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Contributors

emrul, mandrean, and 7 other contributors
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v0.17.0

19 Apr 11:52
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.17.0
ad1b286

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v0.17.0

The Apache Fory team is pleased to announce the 0.17.0 release. This is a major release that includes 71 PR from 19 distinct contributors. See the Install Page to learn how to get the libraries for your platform.

JavaScript/NodeJS Serialization: First Release

Apache Fory 0.17.0 marks the first release with official JavaScript/NodeJS
documentation, benchmark coverage, and TypeScript-friendly IDL code generation.
The JavaScript runtime is built for modern Node.js services and TypeScript
codebases, while preserving Fory's cross-language object model, schema-driven
APIs, and optional reference tracking.

Key capabilities:

  • High-performance serialization for JavaScript and TypeScript objects in Node.js
  • Cross-language compatibility with Java, Python, Go, Rust, C#, Swift, and Dart
  • Schema-driven APIs via Type.* builders and TypeScript decorators
  • Optional reference tracking for shared and circular object graphs
  • Compatible mode for schema evolution
  • Configurable depth, binary size, and collection size guardrails
  • JavaScript/TypeScript target support in the Fory IDL/compiler workflow
  • Optional @apache-fory/hps fast string path for Node.js 20+

Quick Start

import Fory, { Type } from "@apache-fory/core";

const userType = Type.struct(
  { typeName: "example.user" },
  {
    id: Type.int64(),
    name: Type.string(),
    age: Type.int32(),
  },
);

const fory = new Fory();
const { serialize, deserialize } = fory.register(userType);

const bytes = serialize({
  id: 1n,
  name: "Alice",
  age: 30,
});

const user = deserialize(bytes);
console.log(user);

JavaScript Benchmarks

Below are throughput results (ops/sec; higher is better) comparing Fory with
Protocol Buffers and JSON across representative data structures.

Datatype Operation Fory TPS Protobuf TPS JSON TPS Fastest
Struct Serialize 8,453,950 1,903,706 3,058,232 fory
Struct Deserialize 9,705,287 8,233,664 3,860,538 fory
Sample Serialize 1,498,391 422,620 744,790 fory
Sample Deserialize 1,918,162 819,010 762,048 fory
MediaContent Serialize 1,293,157 729,497 1,299,908 json
MediaContent Deserialize 1,638,086 1,209,140 921,191 fory
StructList Serialize 3,928,325 495,648 891,810 fory
StructList Deserialize 3,264,827 1,529,744 986,144 fory
SampleList Serialize 355,581 92,741 163,120 fory
SampleList Deserialize 424,916 163,253 162,520 fory
MediaContentList Serialize 286,053 148,977 282,445 fory
MediaContentList Deserialize 376,826 244,622 190,155 fory

Serialized data sizes (bytes):

Datatype Fory Protobuf JSON
Struct 58 61 103
Sample 446 377 724
MediaContent 391 307 596
StructList 184 315 537
SampleList 1980 1900 3642
MediaContentList 1665 1550 3009

Benchmark details: https://github.com/apache/fory/tree/v0.17.0/benchmarks/javascript

Dart Serialization: First Release

Apache Fory 0.17.0 also marks the first release with official Dart
documentation, benchmark coverage, a rebuilt runtime, and Dart IDL support.
The Dart implementation focuses on generated serializers, stable
cross-language type identity, schema evolution, and predictable APIs for
service workloads.

Key capabilities:

  • High-performance Dart serialization with generated code instead of reflection
  • Cross-language compatibility with Java, Python, Go, Rust, C#, Swift, and JavaScript
  • @ForyStruct and @ForyField annotations with build_runner code generation
  • Compatible mode for schema evolution across versions
  • Optional reference tracking for shared and circular object graphs
  • Manual Serializer<T> extension points for advanced or custom types
  • Dart target support in the Fory IDL/compiler workflow

Quick Start

import 'package:fory/fory.dart';

part 'person.fory.dart';

enum Color {
  red,
  blue,
}

@ForyStruct()
class Person {
  Person();

  String name = '';
  Int32 age = Int32(0);
  Color favoriteColor = Color.red;
}

void main() {
  final fory = Fory();
  PersonFory.register(
    fory,
    Color,
    namespace: 'example',
    typeName: 'Color',
  );
  PersonFory.register(
    fory,
    Person,
    namespace: 'example',
    typeName: 'Person',
  );

  final bytes = fory.serialize(Person()
    ..name = 'Ada'
    ..age = Int32(36)
    ..favoriteColor = Color.blue);
  final roundTrip = fory.deserialize<Person>(bytes);
  print(roundTrip.name);
}

Dart Benchmarks

Below are throughput results (ops/sec; higher is better) comparing Fory with
Protocol Buffers across representative data structures.

Datatype Operation Fory TPS Protobuf TPS Fastest
Struct Serialize 3,989,432 1,884,653 fory (2.12x)
Struct Deserialize 5,828,197 4,199,680 fory (1.39x)
Sample Serialize 1,649,722 500,167 fory (3.30x)
Sample Deserialize 2,060,113 785,109 fory (2.62x)
MediaContent Serialize 800,876 391,235 fory (2.05x)
MediaContent Deserialize 1,315,115 683,533 fory (1.92x)
StructList Serialize 1,456,396 367,506 fory (3.96x)
StructList Deserialize 1,921,006 645,958 fory (2.97x)
SampleList Serialize 411,144 48,508 fory (8.48x)
SampleList Deserialize 464,273 103,558 fory (4.48x)
MediaContentList Serialize 186,870 77,029 fory (2.43x)
MediaContentList Deserialize 330,293 128,215 fory (2.58x)

Serialized data sizes (bytes):

Datatype Fory Protobuf
Struct 58 61
Sample 446 377
MediaContent 365 307
StructList 184 315
SampleList 1980 1900
MediaContentList 1535 1550

Benchmark details: https://github.com/apache/fory/tree/v0.17.0/benchmarks/dart

Highlights

Features

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Contributors

stevenschlansker, mandrean, and 17 other contributors
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v0.17.0-rc2

16 Apr 07:08
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.17.0-rc2
ad1b286

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v0.17.0-rc2 Pre-release
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Highlights

Features

Bug Fix

  • fix(java): Restore compact codec fixed width optimizations by @stevenschlansker in #3478
  • fix(rust): handle panics from fuzz-found edge cases by @utafrali in #3481
  • fix(rust): add error handling logic for std duration; add support for chrono duration by @BaldDemian in #3490
  • fix(compiler): validate rpc request/response types by @retryoos in #3493
  • fix(c++): fix misaligned address access errors detected by UBSan in buffer.h by @BaldDemian in #3479
  • fix(java): finalize codegen config hash on first use by @chaokunyang in #3495
  • fix(rust): fix several panics detected by cargo-fuzz by @BaldDemian in #3483
  • fix(java): handle private final map codegen by @chaokunyang in #3504
  • fix(compiler): repair broken service example and add regression coverage by @VikingDeng in #3505
  • fix(rust): deep clone TypeMeta to prevent UB in concurrent scenarios by @BaldDemian in #3511
  • fix(compiler): fix failed tests in compiler; add compiler CI by @BaldDemian in #3516
  • fix(compiler): allow qualified nested types in FDL rpc signatures by @VikingDeng in #3518
  • fix(java): preserve ConcurrentSkipListSet comparator on copy by @mandrean in #3520
  • test(compiler): add IR validation and codegen tests for gRPC service support by @darius024 in #3528
  • fix(java): Correct resolution of dependent/nested serializers in GraalVM by @rakow in #3532
  • fix(java): fix objectstream serializer async jit and graalvm support by @chaokunyang in #3534
  • ci: fix Bazel cache paths for C++ workflows by @chaokunyang in #3535
  • fix(python): fix wrong calling orders in visit_other by @BaldDemian in #3542
  • fix(js): corrected the float64 array size by @ayush00git in #3541
  • fix(java): configure type checker during build by @chaokunyang in #3550
  • fix(java): auto-select child serializers for sorted containers by @chaokunyang in #3552
  • fix(java): support skip optional sql serializers for java11+ by @chaokunyang in #3553
  • fix(rust): apply consistent pascalcase naming for nested types by @utafrali in #3548
  • fix(javascript): fix flaky javascript idl tests by @chaokunyang in #3565
  • fix(swift): fix swift generated code compile warnings by @chaokunyang in #3566
  • fix(java): add test for previous uncaught regression. by @PiotrDuz in #3573

Other Improvements

New Contributors

Full Changelog: v0.16.0...v0.17.0-rc2

Contributors

stevenschlansker, mandrean, and 17 other contributors
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v0.17.0-rc1

16 Apr 06:22
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.17.0-rc1
9936c92

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v0.17.0-rc1 Pre-release
Pre-release

Highlights

Features

Bug Fix

  • fix(java): Restore compact codec fixed width optimizations by @stevenschlansker in #3478
  • fix(rust): handle panics from fuzz-found edge cases by @utafrali in #3481
  • fix(rust): add error handling logic for std duration; add support for chrono duration by @BaldDemian in #3490
  • fix(compiler): validate rpc request/response types by @retryoos in #3493
  • fix(c++): fix misaligned address access errors detected by UBSan in buffer.h by @BaldDemian in #3479
  • fix(java): finalize codegen config hash on first use by @chaokunyang in #3495
  • fix(rust): fix several panics detected by cargo-fuzz by @BaldDemian in #3483
  • fix(java): handle private final map codegen by @chaokunyang in #3504
  • fix(compiler): repair broken service example and add regression coverage by @VikingDeng in #3505
  • fix(rust): deep clone TypeMeta to prevent UB in concurrent scenarios by @BaldDemian in #3511
  • fix(compiler): fix failed tests in compiler; add compiler CI by @BaldDemian in #3516
  • fix(compiler): allow qualified nested types in FDL rpc signatures by @VikingDeng in #3518
  • fix(java): preserve ConcurrentSkipListSet comparator on copy by @mandrean in #3520
  • test(compiler): add IR validation and codegen tests for gRPC service support by @darius024 in #3528
  • fix(java): Correct resolution of dependent/nested serializers in GraalVM by @rakow in #3532
  • fix(java): fix objectstream serializer async jit and graalvm support by @chaokunyang in #3534
  • ci: fix Bazel cache paths for C++ workflows by @chaokunyang in #3535
  • fix(python): fix wrong calling orders in visit_other by @BaldDemian in #3542
  • fix(js): corrected the float64 array size by @ayush00git in #3541
  • fix(java): configure type checker during build by @chaokunyang in #3550
  • fix(java): auto-select child serializers for sorted containers by @chaokunyang in #3552
  • fix(java): support skip optional sql serializers for java11+ by @chaokunyang in #3553
  • fix(rust): apply consistent pascalcase naming for nested types by @utafrali in #3548
  • fix(javascript): fix flaky javascript idl tests by @chaokunyang in #3565
  • fix(swift): fix swift generated code compile warnings by @chaokunyang in #3566
  • fix(java): add test for previous uncaught regression. by @PiotrDuz in #3573

Other Improvements

New Contributors

Full Changelog: v0.16.0...v0.17.0-rc1

Contributors

stevenschlansker, mandrean, and 17 other contributors
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v0.16.0

17 Mar 04:14
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.16.0
268b43c

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v0.16.0

The Apache Fory team is pleased to announce the 0.16.0 release. This is a major release that includes 91 PR from 17 distinct contributors. See the Install Page to learn how to get the libraries for your platform.

Highlights

C# Serialization: First Release

Apache Fory 0.16.0 is the first release with official C# serialization support.
The C# runtime targets modern .NET workloads and brings the same object graph,
cross-language, and schema-evolution model available in other Fory runtimes.

Key capabilities:

  • High-performance binary serialization for .NET 8+ with source-generator-based serializers for [ForyObject] types
  • Cross-language mode with Java, Python, C++, Go, Rust, and JavaScript
  • Optional reference tracking for shared and circular object graphs
  • Compatible mode for schema evolution
  • Dynamic object payloads, custom serializers, and namespace/name registration APIs
  • ThreadSafeFory wrapper for concurrent service workloads
  • C# target support in the Fory IDL/compiler workflow

Quick Start

using Apache.Fory;

[ForyObject]
public sealed class User
{
    public long Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; } = string.Empty;
    public string? Email { get; set; }
}

Fory fory = Fory.Builder()
    .Xlang(true)
    .Compatible(true)
    .Build();
fory.Register<User>(1);

byte[] payload = fory.Serialize(new User
{
    Id = 1,
    Name = "Alice",
    Email = "alice@example.com",
});
User decoded = fory.Deserialize<User>(payload);

C# Benchmarks

Below are timing results (ns/op; lower is better) comparing Fory with Protobuf
and Msgpack across representative data structures.

Data Type Operation Fory Protobuf Msgpack
Struct Serialize 39.2 121.5 66.0
Struct Deserialize 58.3 180.1 102.6
Sample Serialize 269.2 562.6 339.6
Sample Deserialize 175.6 1084.9 531.8
MediaContent Serialize 306.3 434.7 351.5
MediaContent Deserialize 379.4 718.8 676.9
StructList Serialize 136.1 468.5 266.9
StructList Deserialize 221.1 687.0 488.5
SampleList Serialize 1198.9 2811.9 1635.7
SampleList Deserialize 791.5 5174.5 2629.2
MediaContentList Serialize 1393.9 2199.4 1710.9
MediaContentList Deserialize 1719.5 3373.1 3401.2

Serialized data sizes (bytes):

Data Type Fory Protobuf Msgpack
Struct 58 61 55
Sample 446 460 562
MediaContent 365 307 479
StructList 184 315 284
SampleList 1980 2315 2819
MediaContentList 1535 1550 2404

Benchmark details: https://fory.apache.org/docs/benchmarks/csharp/

Swift Serialization: First Release

Apache Fory 0.16.0 is also the first release with official Swift serialization
support. The Swift implementation focuses on idiomatic API design, macro-based
model serialization, cross-language compatibility, and strong support for object
graph workloads.

Key capabilities:

  • High-performance serialization for Swift value and reference types
  • @ForyObject macro for zero-boilerplate model serialization
  • Cross-language protocol compatibility with Java, Python, C++, Go, Rust, and JavaScript
  • Compatible mode for schema evolution across versions
  • Dynamic value support for Any, AnyObject, any Serializer, and AnyHashable
  • Reference tracking for shared/circular graphs, including weak references on classes
  • Swift target support in the Fory IDL/compiler workflow

Quick Start

import Fory

@ForyObject
struct User: Equatable {
    var name: String = ""
    var age: Int32 = 0
}

let fory = Fory(xlang: true, trackRef: false, compatible: true)
fory.register(User.self, id: 1)

let input = User(name: "Alice", age: 30)
let data = try fory.serialize(input)
let output: User = try fory.deserialize(data)

Swift Benchmarks

Below are throughput results (ops/sec; higher is better) comparing Fory with
Protobuf and Msgpack across representative data structures.

Data Type Operation Fory Protobuf Msgpack Fastest
Struct Serialize 9,727,950 6,572,406 141,248 fory (1.48x)
Struct Deserialize 11,889,570 8,584,510 99,792 fory (1.39x)
Sample Serialize 3,496,305 1,281,983 17,188 fory (2.73x)
Sample Deserialize 1,045,018 765,706 12,767 fory (1.36x)
MediaContent Serialize 1,425,354 678,542 29,048 fory (2.10x)
MediaContent Deserialize 614,447 478,298 12,711 fory (1.28x)
StructList Serialize 3,307,962 1,028,210 24,781 fory (3.22x)
StructList Deserialize 2,788,200 708,596 8,160 fory (3.93x)
SampleList Serialize 715,734 205,380 3,361 fory (3.48x)
SampleList Deserialize 199,317 133,425 1,498 fory (1.49x)
MediaContentList Serialize 364,097 103,721 5,538 fory (3.51x)
MediaContentList Deserialize 103,421 86,331 1,529 fory (1.20x)

Serialized data sizes (bytes):

Data Type Fory Protobuf Msgpack
MediaContent 365 301 524
MediaContentList 1535 1520 2639
Sample 446 375 737
SampleList 1980 1890 3698
Struct 58 61 65
StructList 184 315 338

Benchmark details: https://fory.apache.org/docs/benchmarks/swift/

Features

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Contributors

siy, mandrean, and 15 other contributors
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v0.15.0

09 Feb 13:43
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.15.0
85274e6

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v0.15.0

Highlights

  • feat(go): new golang xlang serialization implementation by @chaokunyang in #3063
  • feat(rust): add tuple struct support and improve generic type handling by @ariesdevil in #3087
  • refactor(rust): unify tuple struct and named struct protocol, and make schema evolution happy by @ariesdevil in #3092
    feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): align nullable meta for xlang struct fields serialization by @chaokunyang in #3093
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): xlang fields reference and typeinfo alignment by @chaokunyang in #3107
  • feat(c++): add SharedWeak for circular reference support by @chaokunyang in #3109
  • feat(xlang): support unsigned int for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3111 and #3113
  • feat(xlang/java): refactor java native serialization type system and streaming type info for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3153
  • feat(xlang): fory schema idl and compiler by @chaokunyang in #3106
  • feat(compiler): add flatbuffers idl support by @chaokunyang in #3184
  • feat(compiler): support shared/circular reference serialization for fory/protobuf/flatbuffer idl by @chaokunyang in #3226

Go Serialization: First Release

Apache Fory 0.15.0 is the first release with official Go serialization support.
The Go implementation delivers high-performance serialization with cross-language
compatibility and production-focused configuration options.

Key capabilities:

  • Cross-language mode with Java, Python, cpp, Rust, and JavaScript (fory.WithXlang(true))
  • Reflection-based serialization by default, plus optional experimental AOT code generation for hot paths
  • Reference tracking for shared/circular object graphs (fory.WithTrackRef(true) + fory:"ref" tags)
  • Compatible mode for schema evolution (fory.WithCompatible(true)) supporting add/remove/reorder field changes
  • Thread-safe wrapper (github.com/apache/fory/go/fory/threadsafe) for concurrent workloads

Quick Start

package main

import (
    "github.com/apache/fory/go/fory"
)

type User struct {
    ID   int64
    Name string
}

func main() {
    f := fory.New(
        fory.WithXlang(true),
        fory.WithCompatible(true),
    )
    _ = f.RegisterStruct(User{}, 1)

    data, _ := f.Serialize(&User{ID: 1, Name: "Alice"})
    var out User
    _ = f.Deserialize(data, &out)
}

Go Benchmarks

Below are timing results (ns/op; lower is better) comparing Fory with Protobuf and Msgpack across representative data structures.

Data Type Operation Fory Protobuf Msgpack
Struct Serialize 66.0 97.8 184.9
Struct Deserialize 82.7 90.9 309.6
Structlist Serialize 632.8 1783.0 3340.0
Structlist Deserialize 906.4 1891.0 5709.0
Sample Serialize 137.3 367.3 1492.0
Sample Deserialize 263.6 422.2 2661.0
Samplelist Serialize 1962.0 7087.0 26169.0
Samplelist Deserialize 4234.0 9321.0 53615.0
Mediacontent Serialize 268.8 471.1 773.7
Mediacontent Deserialize 426.9 553.1 1432.0
Mediacontentlist Serialize 3736.0 9107.0 13911.0
Mediacontentlist Deserialize 7247.0 11435.0 27975.0

Serialized data sizes (bytes):

Data Type Fory Protobuf Msgpack
Struct 58 61 57
Sample 446 375 524
MediaContent 342 301 400
StructList 560 1260 1146
SampleList 7600 7560 10486
MediaContentList 5776 6080 8006

Note: Results depend on hardware and implementation versions. See the Go benchmark docs for details: https://fory.apache.org/docs/benchmarks/go/

Fory Schema IDL and Compiler: First Release

Apache Fory 0.15.0 also introduces the first release of the Fory schema IDL and
compiler toolchain. You can define schemas once and generate native types and
registration code across languages.

Key capabilities:

  • Schema-first development with enum, message, and union
  • Fory-native field semantics: optional (nullability), ref (shared/circular references), list, and map
  • Multi-language code generation for Java, Python, Go, Rust, and cpp
  • Protobuf (.proto) and FlatBuffers (.fbs) frontend support, translated into Fory IR/codegen
  • Idiomatic generated APIs with to/from bytes helpers

Quick Start

pip install fory-compiler
foryc example.fdl --lang java,python,go,rust,cpp --output ./generated
package example;

message Person [id=101] {
    string name = 1;
    optional string email = 2;
}

Generated Code Example

foryc generates idiomatic native types plus registration/byte helpers. For the
schema above, generated code looks like:

// Go (excerpt)
type Person struct {
    Name  string                    `fory:"id=1"`
    Email optional.Optional[string] `fory:"id=2"`
}

func (m *Person) ToBytes() ([]byte, error)      { ... }
func (m *Person) FromBytes(data []byte) error   { ... }
func RegisterTypes(f *fory.Fory) error {
    return f.RegisterStruct(Person{}, 101)
}
// Java (excerpt)
public class Person {
    @ForyField(id = 1)
    private String name;

    @ForyField(id = 2, nullable = true)
    private String email;

    public byte[] toBytes() { ... }
    public static Person fromBytes(byte[] bytes) { ... }
}
# Python (excerpt)
@pyfory.dataclass
class Person:
    name: str = pyfory.field(id=1, default="")
    email: Optional[str] = pyfory.field(id=2, default=None)

    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
    @classmethod
    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> "Person": ...

Features

  • feat(java): add config params for IdentityObjectIntMap by @jim-parsons in #3048
  • perf: add cpp benchmark report by @chaokunyang in #3051
  • feat(python): add Union type support for xlang serialization by @zhan7236 in #3059
  • feat(go): new golang xlang serialization implementation by @chaokunyang in #3063
  • feat(java): enhance ForyField annotation with tag ID support for optimized serialization by @mchernyakov in #3021
  • feat(c++): add iterator container serialization support by @zhan7236 in #3068
  • refactor(go): refactor go error processing by @chaokunyang in #3069
  • feat(rust): add generate_default attr, no longer generate Default trait impl by default by @ariesdevil in #3074
  • feat(java): implement Union type support for cross-language serialization by @zhan7236 in #3062
  • perf(go): add go benchmarks and optimize performance by @chaokunyang in #3071
  • feat(python): add java python xlang tests and align protocol by @chaokunyang in #3077
  • feat(rust): add i128 and isize type support by @ariesdevil in #3080
  • feat(rust): add unit type and PhantomData serializer support by @ariesdevil in #3081
  • refactor(python): refactor pyfory serializers code structure by @chaokunyang in #3083
  • feat(rust): add union and none type support by @ariesdevil in #3084
  • feat(go): add go struct field tag support by @chaokunyang in #3082
  • feat(rust): add tuple struct support and improve generic type handling by @ariesdevil in #3087
  • feat(rust): support configure rust field meta to reduce cost by @chaokunyang in #3089
  • feat(c++): support customize c++ field meta by @chaokunyang in #3088
  • feat(ci): make rust xlang ci run separately to make ci faster by @chaokunyang in #3090
  • feat(python): support configure field meta for python by @chaokunyang in #3091
  • refactor(rust): unify tuple struct and named struct protocol, and make schema evolution happy by @ariesdevil in #3092
  • feat(java): build Descriptors with final ref_tracking flags by @chaokunyang in #3070
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): align nullable meta for xlang struct fields serialization by @chaokunyang in #3093
  • feat(rust): implement fine-grained ref tracking for rust by @chaokunyang in #3101
  • feat(c++): fine-grained ref tracking for c++ by @chaokunyang in #3103
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): xlang nullable/ref alignment by @chaokunyang in #3104
  • feat(jav...
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Contributors

jonyoder, madhavajay, and 17 other contributors
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v0.15.0-rc3

06 Feb 05:16
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.15.0-rc3
85274e6

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v0.15.0-rc3 Pre-release
Pre-release

Highlights

  • feat(go): new golang xlang serialization implementation by @chaokunyang in #3063
  • feat(rust): add tuple struct support and improve generic type handling by @ariesdevil in #3087
  • refactor(rust): unify tuple struct and named struct protocol, and make schema evolution happy by @ariesdevil in #3092
    feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): align nullable meta for xlang struct fields serialization by @chaokunyang in #3093
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): xlang fields reference and typeinfo alignment by @chaokunyang in #3107
  • feat(c++): add SharedWeak for circular reference support by @chaokunyang in #3109
  • feat(xlang): support unsigned int for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3111 and #3113
  • feat(xlang/java): refactor java native serialization type system and streaming type info for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3153
  • feat(xlang): fory schema idl and compiler by @chaokunyang in #3106
  • feat(compiler): add flatbuffers idl support by @chaokunyang in #3184
  • feat(compiler): support shared/circular reference serialization for fory/protobuf/flatbuffer idl by @chaokunyang in #3226

Features

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Contributors

jonyoder, madhavajay, and 17 other contributors
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v0.15.0-rc2

06 Feb 05:20
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.15.0-rc2
4f42ab4

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v0.15.0-rc2 Pre-release
Pre-release

Highlights

  • feat(go): new golang xlang serialization implementation by @chaokunyang in #3063
  • feat(rust): add tuple struct support and improve generic type handling by @ariesdevil in #3087
  • refactor(rust): unify tuple struct and named struct protocol, and make schema evolution happy by @ariesdevil in #3092
    feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): align nullable meta for xlang struct fields serialization by @chaokunyang in #3093
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): xlang fields reference and typeinfo alignment by @chaokunyang in #3107
  • feat(c++): add SharedWeak for circular reference support by @chaokunyang in #3109
  • feat(xlang): support unsigned int for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3111 and #3113
  • feat(xlang/java): refactor java native serialization type system and streaming type info for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3153
  • feat(xlang): fory schema idl and compiler by @chaokunyang in #3106
  • feat(compiler): add flatbuffers idl support by @chaokunyang in #3184
  • feat(compiler): support shared/circular reference serialization for fory/protobuf/flatbuffer idl by @chaokunyang in #3226

Features

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Contributors

jonyoder, madhavajay, and 17 other contributors
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v0.15.0-rc1

06 Feb 05:20
@chaokunyang chaokunyang
v0.15.0-rc1
bd55318

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v0.15.0-rc1 Pre-release
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Highlights

  • feat(go): new golang xlang serialization implementation by @chaokunyang in #3063
  • feat(rust): add tuple struct support and improve generic type handling by @ariesdevil in #3087
  • refactor(rust): unify tuple struct and named struct protocol, and make schema evolution happy by @ariesdevil in #3092
    feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): align nullable meta for xlang struct fields serialization by @chaokunyang in #3093
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): xlang fields reference and typeinfo alignment by @chaokunyang in #3107
  • feat(c++): add SharedWeak for circular reference support by @chaokunyang in #3109
  • feat(xlang): support unsigned int for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3111 and #3113
  • feat(xlang/java): refactor java native serialization type system and streaming type info for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3153

Features

  • feat(java): add config params for IdentityObjectIntMap by @jim-parsons in #3048
  • perf: add cpp benchmark report by @chaokunyang in #3051
  • feat(python): add Union type support for xlang serialization by @zhan7236 in #3059
  • feat(go): new golang xlang serialization implementation by @chaokunyang in #3063
  • feat(java): enhance ForyField annotation with tag ID support for optimized serialization by @mchernyakov in #3021
  • feat(c++): add iterator container serialization support by @zhan7236 in #3068
  • refactor(go): refactor go error processing by @chaokunyang in #3069
  • feat(rust): add generate_default attr, no longer generate Default trait impl by default by @ariesdevil in #3074
  • feat(java): implement Union type support for cross-language serialization by @zhan7236 in #3062
  • perf(go): add go benchmarks and optimize performance by @chaokunyang in #3071
  • feat(python): add java python xlang tests and align protocol by @chaokunyang in #3077
  • feat(rust): add i128 and isize type support by @ariesdevil in #3080
  • feat(rust): add unit type and PhantomData serializer support by @ariesdevil in #3081
  • refactor(python): refactor pyfory serializers code structure by @chaokunyang in #3083
  • feat(rust): add union and none type support by @ariesdevil in #3084
  • feat(go): add go struct field tag support by @chaokunyang in #3082
  • feat(rust): add tuple struct support and improve generic type handling by @ariesdevil in #3087
  • feat(rust): support configure rust field meta to reduce cost by @chaokunyang in #3089
  • feat(c++): support customize c++ field meta by @chaokunyang in #3088
  • feat(ci): make rust xlang ci run separately to make ci faster by @chaokunyang in #3090
  • feat(python): support configure field meta for python by @chaokunyang in #3091
  • refactor(rust): unify tuple struct and named struct protocol, and make schema evolution happy by @ariesdevil in #3092
  • feat(java): build Descriptors with final ref_tracking flags by @chaokunyang in #3070
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): align nullable meta for xlang struct fields serialization by @chaokunyang in #3093
  • feat(rust): implement fine-grained ref tracking for rust by @chaokunyang in #3101
  • feat(c++): fine-grained ref tracking for c++ by @chaokunyang in #3103
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): xlang nullable/ref alignment by @chaokunyang in #3104
  • feat(java/python/rust/go/c++): xlang fields reference and typeinfo alignment by @chaokunyang in #3107
  • feat(java/python/go/rust): add circular reference xlang tests by @chaokunyang in #3108
  • feat(c++): add SharedWeak for circular reference support by @chaokunyang in #3109
  • feat(js): add schema-based per-field nullable support for xlang by @theharsh999 in #3100
  • feat(xlang): support unsigned int for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3111
  • feat(java): long array serializer support varint encoding by @Pigsy-Monk in #3115
  • feat(xlang): support serialization for unsigned types and field encoding config by @chaokunyang in #3113
  • perf(go): optimize go struct fields serialization perf by @chaokunyang in #3120
  • feat(java): int array serializer support varint encoding by @Pigsy-Monk in #3124
  • feat(java): support xlang serialization for GraalVM native image by @chaokunyang in #3126
  • refactor(go): rename go interface{} to any by @chaokunyang in #3128
  • refactor(xlang): remove magic number from protocol by @chaokunyang in #3137
  • feat(xlang): use little endian when serializing array of multiple byte element size by @chaokunyang in #3140
  • refactor(java/c++): rename morphic to dynamic by @chaokunyang in #3142
  • feat(xlang): add unsigned integer type support for JavaScript by @ayush00git in #3139
  • feat(dart): add unsigned number for dart by @ayush00git in #3144
  • feat(xlang/java): refactor java native serialization type system and streaming type info for xlang by @chaokunyang in #3153

Bug Fix

  • fix(docs): fix graalvm link by @chaokunyang in #3056
  • fix(Rust): prevent obtaining generic type metadata on custom types(struct/enum) by @urlyy in #3057
  • fix(Rust): Move the calculating of TypeMeta::bytes and TypeMeta::hash ahead of serialization by @urlyy in #3060
  • fix(java): Better ergonomics for AllowListChecker by @Asuka-star in #3061
  • fix(rust): output original registered ID in type mismatch error log by @userzhy in #3067
  • fix(java): Fix CopyOnWriteArrayList field serialization by @vybhavjs in #3079
  • fix(go): reference tracking fails when >127 objects serialized by @jonyoder in #3086
  • fix(java): fix abstract enum and abstract array serialization for GraalVM by @chaokunyang in #3095
  • fix(rust): enable Union type cross-language serialization between Rust and Java by @ariesdevil in #3094
  • fix: x86 architecture missing from universal2 macOS wheel by @madhavajay in #3114
  • fix(java): optimize type resolver calls for xlang mode on graalvm by @chaokunyang in #3129
  • fix(java): stop compilation service when shutdowning compile service by @chaokunyang in #3138
  • fix(python): fix collection null elements read/write by @chaokunyang in #3149
  • fix: typo in the xlang_serialization_spec.md by @ayush00git in #3151
  • fix(java): use littlen endian for utf16 string on big endian by @chaokunyang in #3159
  • fix(java): fix openj9 sliced string serde by @chaokunyang in #3160

Other Improvements

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Contributors

jonyoder, madhavajay, and 15 other contributors
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