feat(i18n-ko): native surfaces and E2E fixtures

apps/desktop/e2e/fixtures.ts

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ async function seedE2eConnection(userDataDir: string): Promise<void> {
   }
 }
 
-async function seedE2eLocale(userDataDir: string, locale: 'zh-CN' | 'zh-TW' | 'en'): Promise<void> {
+async function seedE2eLocale(userDataDir: string, locale: 'zh-CN' | 'zh-TW' | 'en' | 'ko'): Promise<void> {
   const workspaceRoot = path.join(userDataDir, 'workspaces', 'default');
   await createSettingsStore(workspaceRoot).update({
     personalization: { uiLocale: locale },
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ export async function withE2eWindow(
     seed: boolean;
     readinessSelector: string;
     e2eFixtureScenario?: string;
-    locale?: 'zh-CN' | 'zh-TW' | 'en';
+    locale?: 'zh-CN' | 'zh-TW' | 'en' | 'ko';
     /** #1312: force app:info's platform so the window boots natively into that platform's `data-os` cascade. */
     platform?: 'darwin' | 'win32' | 'linux';
     /** Show fixtures whose contract depends on compositor-paced frames. */

apps/desktop/e2e/ko-locale.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import { ensureSidebarExpanded, expect, test } from './fixtures';
+
+test('persists Korean locale preference through reload', async ({ window: page }) => {
+  await ensureSidebarExpanded(page);
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Settings', exact: true }).click();
+  await expect(page.getByRole('main', { name: 'Settings content' })).toBeVisible();
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'General', exact: true }).click();
+  await expect(page.getByText('UI language', { exact: true }).first()).toBeVisible();
+  await page.keyboard.press('Escape');
+
+  await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    await window.maka.settings.update({ personalization: { uiLocale: 'ko' } });
+  });
+  await page.reload();
+  await page.waitForSelector('.maka-composer-editor');
+  await ensureSidebarExpanded(page);
+
+  const locale = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    const settings = await window.maka.settings.read();
+    return settings.personalization.uiLocale;
+  });
+  expect(locale).toBe('ko');
+
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Settings', exact: true }).click();
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'General', exact: true }).click();
+  await expect(page.getByText('UI language', { exact: true }).first()).toBeVisible();
+});

apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/e2e-fixture-locale.test.ts

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { test } from 'node:test';
 import { resolveE2eFixture } from '../e2e-fixture.js';
 
-test('preserves both canonical Chinese locale fixture flags', () => {
-  for (const locale of ['zh-CN', 'zh-TW', 'en'] as const) {
+test('preserves canonical Chinese and Korean locale fixture flags', () => {
+  for (const locale of ['zh-CN', 'zh-TW', 'en', 'ko'] as const) {
     const fixture = resolveE2eFixture(
       'settings-general',
       false,
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ test('normalizes locale fixture flag casing without widening the contract', () =
     resolveE2eFixture('settings-general', false, undefined, undefined, 'ZH-tw')?.locale,
     'zh-TW',
   );
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveE2eFixture('settings-general', false, undefined, undefined, 'KO')?.locale,
+    'ko',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveE2eFixture('settings-general', false, undefined, undefined, 'ko-kr')?.locale,
+    'ko',
+  );
   assert.equal(
     resolveE2eFixture('settings-general', false, undefined, undefined, 'zh-Hant')?.locale,
     null,

apps/desktop/src/main/client-settings-confirmation-copy.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ const COPY = {
     message: "Allow Maka to update this client's settings?",
     buttons: ['Apply changes', 'Cancel'],
   },
+  ko: {
+    labels: { theme: 'Theme', palette: 'Palette', uiLocale: 'UI language', runComplete: 'Run-complete notifications', keepSystemAwake: 'Keep system awake' },
+    on: 'true',
+    off: 'false',
+    message: "Allow Maka to update this client's settings?",
+    buttons: ['Apply changes', 'Cancel'],
+  },
 } satisfies UiCatalog<ConfirmationCopy>;
 
 export function clientSettingsConfirmation(

apps/desktop/src/main/computer-use/status-item.ts

@@ -147,6 +147,11 @@ const COPY: UiCatalog<StatusItemCopy> = {
     stopUnnamed: 'Stop Computer Use',
     empty: 'No Active Sessions',
   },
+  ko: {
+    stopUsing: (appName) => `${appName} 사용 중지`,
+    stopUnnamed: 'Computer Use 중지',
+    empty: '활성 세션 없음',
+  },
 };
 
 function defaultResolveLocale(): UiLocale {

apps/desktop/src/main/e2e-fixture.ts

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ function parseLocaleFlag(raw: string | undefined): UiLocale | null {
   const normalized = raw?.trim().toLowerCase();
   if (normalized === 'zh-cn') return 'zh-CN';
   if (normalized === 'zh-tw') return 'zh-TW';
+  if (normalized === 'ko' || normalized === 'ko-kr') return 'ko';
   return normalized === 'en' ? 'en' : null;
 }
 

apps/desktop/src/main/native-diagnostic-dialog-copy.ts

@@ -172,6 +172,45 @@ const COPY = {
       exit: '退出',
     },
   },
+  ko: {
+    dialog: {
+      copy: '진단 정보 복사',
+      copyAgain: '다시 복사',
+      copied: '진단 정보가 복사되었습니다. 이슈 보고서에 붙여넣을 수 있습니다.',
+      copyFailed: '진단 정보를 복사할 수 없습니다.',
+    },
+    fatalStartup: {
+      title: 'Maka 시작 실패',
+      message: 'Maka가 시작을 완료하지 못했습니다.',
+      detail: '예기치 않은 시작 오류가 발생했습니다. 진단 정보를 복사해 자세히 확인하세요.',
+      exit: '종료',
+    },
+    rendererGone: {
+      title: 'Maka 복구 필요',
+      message: 'Maka 인터페이스가 예기치 않게 중지되었습니다.',
+      detail:
+        'Maka를 다시 시작하지 않고 인터페이스만 복구합니다. Runtime Host, 실행 중인 작업, 백그라운드 서비스는 유지됩니다.',
+      recover: '인터페이스 복구',
+      exit: '종료',
+    },
+    defaultRuntimeHostRecovery: {
+      title: '기본 Runtime Host를 사용할 수 없습니다',
+      connectFailed: (profileName) => `${profileName}에 연결할 수 없습니다`,
+      detail:
+        '다시 시도하거나, Local을 기본 Host로 사용하거나, 현재 선택을 유지한 뒤 나중에 설정에서 해결하세요. 진단 정보를 복사하면 연결 실패를 확인할 수 있습니다.',
+      retry: '다시 시도',
+      useLocal: 'Local 사용',
+      keepOffline: '오프라인 유지',
+    },
+    storageRootRepair: {
+      title: 'Maka 작업 공간 복구 필요',
+      message: 'Maka가 이 작업 공간을 확인할 수 없습니다.',
+      detail: (workspaceRoot) =>
+        `디스크 ID가 변경되었을 수 있습니다. 복사된 작업 공간이 아니라 이 컴퓨터의 원래 Maka 작업 공간인 경우에만 복구하세요.\n\n${workspaceRoot}`,
+      repair: '작업 공간 복구',
+      exit: '종료',
+    },
+  },
 } satisfies UiCatalog<NativeDiagnosticDialogCopy>;
 
 export function getNativeDiagnosticDialogCopy(locale: UiLocale): NativeDiagnosticDialogCopy {

apps/desktop/src/main/notifications-policy.ts

@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ const RUN_NOTIFICATION_COPY = {
     errored: { title: 'Conversation error', body: 'This response did not finish. Click to view details.' },
     completed: { title: 'Response ready', body: 'Maka finished this response. Click to view it.' },
   },
+  ko: {
+    errored: { title: 'Conversation error', body: 'This response did not finish. Click to view details.' },
+    completed: { title: 'Response ready', body: 'Maka finished this response. Click to view it.' },
+  },
 } satisfies UiCatalog<Record<RunNotificationKind, RunNotificationCopy>>;
 
 export function runNotificationCopy(

apps/desktop/src/main/permission-overlay/permission-overlay-copy.ts

@@ -107,6 +107,25 @@ const COPY: Catalog = {
       noBundle: 'Not running from a .app bundle, so there is nothing to drag. Add it manually in System Settings.',
     },
   },
+  ko: {
+    accessibility: {
+      headline: (appName) => `위 목록에 ${appName}을(를) 끌어다 놓으면 손쉬운 사용 권한이 허용됩니다`,
+      fallback: '시스템 설정에서 +를 누르고 응용 프로그램에서 이 앱을 선택할 수도 있습니다.',
+      granted: '손쉬운 사용 권한이 허용되었습니다',
+      dismiss: '닫기',
+      dragHint: '끌기',
+      noBundle: '.app 번들로 실행 중이 아니어서 끌 수 없습니다. 시스템 설정에서 수동으로 추가하세요.',
+    },
+    screen_recording: {
+      headline: (appName) => `위 목록에 ${appName}을(를) 끌어다 놓으면 화면 기록 권한이 허용됩니다`,
+      fallback: '시스템 설정에서 +를 누르고 응용 프로그램에서 이 앱을 선택할 수도 있습니다.',
+      granted: '화면 기록 권한이 허용되었습니다',
+      dismiss: '닫기',
+      dragHint: '끌기',
+      restartHint: '여전히 거부된 것으로 표시되면 앱을 다시 시작하세요. macOS가 이전 거부 결과를 캐시합니다.',
+      noBundle: '.app 번들로 실행 중이 아니어서 끌 수 없습니다. 시스템 설정에서 수동으로 추가하세요.',
+    },
+  },
 };
 
 export function getPermissionOverlayCopy(

apps/desktop/src/main/project-picker-copy.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 import type { UiCatalog, UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
 
-const TITLE = { 'zh-CN': '添加项目', 'zh-TW': '新增專案', en: 'Add project' } satisfies UiCatalog<string>;
+const TITLE = { 'zh-CN': '添加项目', 'zh-TW': '新增專案', en: 'Add project', ko: '프로젝트 추가' } satisfies UiCatalog<string>;
 
 export function projectPickerTitle(locale: UiLocale): string {
   return TITLE[locale];

apps/desktop/src/main/runtime-host-boot-copy.ts

@@ -83,6 +83,22 @@ const STARTUP_RECOVERY_COPY = {
       buttons: ['Retry', 'Use Local', 'Keep Offline'],
     },
   },
+  ko: {
+    storageRoot: {
+      title: 'Maka workspace needs repair',
+      message: 'Maka cannot verify this workspace.',
+      detail: (workspaceRoot) =>
+        `The disk identity may have changed. Repair only if this is the original Maka workspace on this computer, not a copied workspace.\n\n${workspaceRoot}`,
+      buttons: ['Repair Workspace', 'Exit'],
+    },
+    runtimeHost: {
+      title: 'Default Runtime Host is unavailable',
+      message: (profileName) => `Could not connect to ${profileName}`,
+      detail: (message) =>
+        `${message}\n\nRetry, use Local as the default Host, or keep the current selection and resolve it later in Settings.`,
+      buttons: ['Retry', 'Use Local', 'Keep Offline'],
+    },
+  },
 } satisfies UiCatalog<StartupRecoveryCopy>;
 
 export function getStartupRecoveryCopy(locale: UiLocale): StartupRecoveryCopy {

apps/desktop/src/main/runtime-host-quit-copy.ts

@@ -71,4 +71,14 @@ const COPY = {
     stopAndQuit: '停止工作並結束',
     keepRunning: '繼續執行 Maka',
   },
+  ko: {
+    title: 'Maka를 안전하게 종료할 수 없습니다',
+    message: '로컬 Runtime Host를 안전하게 중지하지 못했습니다. Maka가 아직 실행 중입니다.',
+    detail: '종료가 취소되었습니다. 다시 시도하거나 문제가 계속되면 진단 정보를 확인하세요.',
+    process: (pid: number) => `Runtime Host 프로세스 PID: ${pid}`,
+    manual:
+      '다시 시도해도 실패하면, 보존할 실행이 없는지 확인한 뒤 운영체제의 프로세스 관리 도구로 해당 PID를 중지하세요.',
+    cause: '원인',
+    button: '확인',
+  },
 } as const;

apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/app-update/locales/app-update-copy.ts

@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ const COPY_BY_LOCALE = {
     retryFailedTitle: 'Could not retry update download',
     retryFailedFallback: 'Try again later, or download the latest version manually.',
   },
+  ko: {
+    installFailedTitle: 'Could not install update',
+    installFailedFallback: 'Try again later.',
+    installManualFallback: 'Try again later, or download the latest version manually.',
+    activeTasksTitle: 'Tasks are still running',
+    activeTasksDescription: 'Tasks are still running. Updating will interrupt them. Continue?',
+    activeTasksConfirm: 'Update anyway',
+    activeTasksCancel: 'Cancel',
+    retryFailedTitle: 'Could not retry update download',
+    retryFailedFallback: 'Try again later, or download the latest version manually.',
+  },
 } satisfies UiCatalog<AppUpdateCopy>;
 
 export function getAppUpdateCopy(locale: UiLocale): AppUpdateCopy {

apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/connection-settings/settings-provider-copy.ts

@@ -647,6 +647,7 @@ const PROVIDER_SETTINGS_COPY = {
   'zh-CN': zhCopy,
   'zh-TW': zhTwCopy,
   en: enCopy,
+  ko: enCopy,
 } satisfies UiCatalog<ProviderSettingsCopy>;
 
 export function getProviderSettingsCopy(locale: UiLocale): ProviderSettingsCopy {

apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy.ts

@@ -188,6 +188,52 @@ const AGENT_GRAPH_PANEL_COPY = {
       })[status],
     wait: waitReasonEn,
   },
+  ko: {
+    title: 'Agent Graph',
+    loading: 'Loading graph state…',
+    retry: 'Retry',
+    collapse: 'Collapse Agent Graph',
+    expand: 'Expand Agent Graph',
+    dismiss: 'Dismiss Agent Graph',
+    stop: 'Stop graph',
+    stopping: 'Stopping…',
+    stopFailed: 'Could not stop the graph. Try again.',
+    loadFailed: 'Could not refresh graph state.',
+    openSession: 'Open child task',
+    operators: 'Operators',
+    selectedResults: 'Selected results',
+    epoch: 'Graph run',
+    currentEpoch: 'Current',
+    historicalEpoch: 'History (read-only)',
+    cappedEpochs: (count) => `Showing the newest ${count} runs`,
+    noOperators: 'Waiting for the main agent to create an operator…',
+    hiddenOperators: (count) => `${count} more operator${count === 1 ? '' : 's'}`,
+    progress: (settled, total, hasOmitted) =>
+      hasOmitted ? `${settled}/${total} visible settled` : `${settled}/${total} settled`,
+    status: (status) =>
+      ({
+        empty: 'Awaiting schedule',
+        active: 'Running',
+        closing: 'Finishing',
+        waiting: 'Waiting',
+        stopped: 'Stopped',
+        failed: 'Failed',
+        completed: 'Completed',
+      })[status],
+    operatorStatus: (status) =>
+      ({
+        not_started: 'Not started',
+        waiting: 'Waiting',
+        runnable: 'Runnable',
+        running: 'Running',
+        blocked: 'Blocked',
+        completed: 'Completed',
+        failed: 'Failed',
+        aborted: 'Aborted',
+        cancelled: 'Cancelled',
+      })[status],
+    wait: waitReasonEn,
+  },
 } satisfies UiCatalog<AgentGraphPanelCopy>;
 
 export function getAgentGraphPanelCopy(locale: UiLocale): AgentGraphPanelCopy {

apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/artifact-copy.ts

@@ -194,6 +194,42 @@ const ARTIFACT_COPY = {
       unsupported: 'Unsupported preview', name: 'Name', unnamed: '(unnamed)', type: 'Type', size: 'Size', openInFinder: 'Show in Finder', loadingImage: 'Loading image preview…',
     },
   },
+  ko: {
+    pane: {
+      refreshFailed: 'Failed to refresh generated files', openFailed: 'Could not show generated file in Finder', copyFailed: 'Copy failed',
+      readTextFailed: 'Could not read the generated file as text.', copied: 'Generated file text copied', saved: 'Generated file saved as', saveFailed: 'Save as failed',
+      fallbackName: 'generated file', deleteTitle: (name) => `Delete "${name}"`, deleteDescription: 'Soft delete: mark this record as deleted and keep the file recoverable for 6 hours.',
+      delete: 'Delete', deleteReadOnly: 'Delete (read-only file)', cancel: 'Cancel', deleted: (name) => `Deleted ${name}`, deleteFailed: (name) => `Failed to delete ${name}`, panelAria: 'Generated file preview panel',
+      listLoadFailed: 'Failed to load generated files', retrying: 'Retrying…', retry: 'Retry', listAria: 'Generated files', deletedBadge: 'Deleted',
+      previewNamed: (name) => `Preview ${name}`, empty: 'No generated files', emptyHint: 'Files generated by the assistant appear here.',
+      back: 'Back to generated files', moreActions: (name) => `More actions for ${name}`,
+      openInFinder: 'Show in Finder', saveAs: 'Save as', copy: 'Copy',
+      saveFailures: { not_found: 'The generated file does not exist.', not_allowed: 'The generated file failed the path safety check.', deleted: 'Deleted generated files cannot be saved.', write_failed: 'The destination is not writable.', default: 'Could not save the generated file.' },
+      actionFailed: 'The generated file action failed. Try again later.',
+    },
+    preview: {
+      loadingFile: 'Loading file preview…', loadingDiff: 'Loading diff preview…', loadingHtml: 'Loading HTML preview…',
+      externalLinks: (count) => `External links are disabled in this preview · ${count} ${count === 1 ? 'link' : 'links'}`, frameTitle: (name) => `Generated file preview · ${name}`,
+      loadingPdf: 'Loading PDF preview…', pdfFallback: 'If your browser has no built-in PDF viewer, use “Show in Finder” in the More menu.',
+      rendered: 'Preview', source: 'Source', previewLimited: (limit) => `Showing the first ${limit}. Use the More menu to open or save the complete file.`,
+      renderLimited: (limit, lines) => `To stay responsive, rich preview is limited to the first ${limit} and ${lines} lines. The complete source remains available.`,
+      highlightLimited: (limit, lines) => `To stay responsive, syntax highlighting is limited to the first ${limit} and ${lines} lines; the rest is plain text.`,
+      diffLinesLimited: (count) => `${count} more lines are hidden to keep the preview responsive.`,
+      readFailed: { title: 'Could not read generated file', description: 'The file may have been deleted externally. Use “Show in Finder” in the More menu to check its location.' },
+      notAllowed: { title: 'Could not read generated file', description: 'The path safety check failed because the file is no longer inside the allowed generated-files directory.' },
+      tooLarge: (bytes) => ({ title: 'File exceeds preview size', description: `${bytes} bytes exceeds the text preview limit. Use the More menu to open or save the complete file.` }),
+      deleted: { title: 'This generated file was deleted', description: 'The preview has stopped. Use “Show in Finder” to inspect the original file.' },
+      unsupportedMime: { title: 'Unsupported file type', description: 'This generated file’s MIME type is not allowed for inline preview. Use “Show in Finder” or “Save as”.' },
+    },
+    registry: {
+      kindDisallowed: { title: 'This type cannot be previewed here', description: 'This generated file cannot be previewed in the panel. Use “Show in Finder”.' },
+      mimeDisallowed: { title: 'Preview format not supported', description: 'The MIME type was recognized, but previews currently support only PNG / JPEG / GIF / WebP / AVIF.' },
+      unknownType: { title: 'Could not identify file type', description: 'The file has no MIME metadata and its extension did not match. Use “Show in Finder”.' },
+      oversize: { title: 'File too large to preview', description: 'Files over 2 MB are not expanded here to avoid loading large images into memory.' },
+      readFailed: { title: 'Failed to load preview', description: 'The file could not be read. It may have been deleted, moved, or blocked by permissions. Use “Show in Finder” to inspect it.' },
+      unsupported: 'Unsupported preview', name: 'Name', unnamed: '(unnamed)', type: 'Type', size: 'Size', openInFinder: 'Show in Finder', loadingImage: 'Loading image preview…',
+    },
+  }
 } satisfies UiCatalog<ArtifactCopy>;
 
 export function getArtifactCopy(locale: UiLocale): ArtifactCopy {