feat(file-index): support additional data types

[zjw1111]

Purpose

Linked issue: #173

Extend file-index read/write support while keeping the serialized data compatible with Java Paimon:

• Support FLOAT and DOUBLE in bitmap indexes.
• Support DECIMAL in BSI indexes.
• Support STRING, DECIMAL, and TIMESTAMP in range-bitmap indexes.
• Add a range-bitmap type adapter for logical-to-storage type and literal conversion.
• Add variable-length dictionary chunks for string keys and avoid eagerly reading chunk bodies.
• Cover canonical and payload NaNs, signed zero, infinities, and Java-generated bitmap bytes.

Tests

• pre-commit run --files <all changed files>
• git diff --check upstream/main...HEAD
• Compiled all 12 changed C++ translation units with the repository Debug compile commands (-Werror, ASan).
• BitmapIndexTest.* (14 tests)
• BitSliceIndexBitmapIndexReaderTest.*:ChunkedDictionaryTest.*:RangeBitmapFileIndexTest.*:RangeBitmapTypeAdapterTest.* (55 tests)
• SizeLimitAndCardinality/* (70 tests)

API and Format

No public API under include/ is changed. The existing bitmap, BSI, and range-bitmap formats are extended to the additional logical types without changing their format versions. Floating-point bitmap keys are verified against Java-generated V1/V2 bytes.

Documentation

No documentation changes.

Generative AI tooling

Generated-by: OpenAI Codex (GPT-5).