Use dolt JSON encoding

[zachmu]

This gives us the storage, merge, and perf benefits for JSON in doltgres.

This change also results in a behavior change for ORDER BY on JSONB columns. Postgres has a particular b-tree order it uses to store JSON documents in order to efficient perform its lookups. Dolt's method for efficient JSON retrieval is quite different, and has nothing to do with the order in which documents are stored in a primary index.

[github-actions]

	Main	PR
covering_index_scan_postgres	1929.12/s	1936.30/s	+0.3%
groupby_scan_postgres	125.87/s	126.20/s	+0.2%
index_join_postgres	649.78/s	640.57/s	-1.5%
index_join_scan_postgres	805.94/s	813.18/s	+0.8%
index_scan_postgres	23.01/s	23.67/s	+2.8%
oltp_delete_insert_postgres	741.94/s	761.45/s	+2.6%
oltp_insert	667.07/s	685.02/s	+2.6%
oltp_point_select	2990.73/s	3065.69/s	+2.5%
oltp_read_only	3075.31/s	3104.53/s	+0.9%
oltp_read_write	2011.09/s	${\color{lightgreen}2282.78/s}$	${\color{lightgreen}+13.5\%}$
oltp_update_index	619.52/s	${\color{lightgreen}717.09/s}$	${\color{lightgreen}+15.7\%}$
oltp_update_non_index	679.56/s	745.15/s	+9.6%
oltp_write_only	1600.80/s	1624.32/s	+1.4%
select_random_points	1881.35/s	1874.71/s	-0.4%
select_random_ranges	1103.03/s	1124.35/s	+1.9%
table_scan_postgres	21.99/s	22.69/s	+3.1%
types_delete_insert_postgres	680.48/s	733.18/s	+7.7%
types_table_scan_postgres	9.21/s	${\color{red}7.75/s}$	${\color{red}-15.9\%}$

[github-actions]

	Main	PR
Total	42090	42090
Successful	18250	18280
Failures	23840	23810
Partial Successes1	5385	5414

	Main	PR
Successful	43.3595%	43.4307%
Failures	56.6405%	56.5693%

${\color{red}Regressions (3)}$

json_encoding

QUERY:          SELECT '"\u0000"'::json;
RECEIVED ERROR: row sets differ:
    Postgres:
        {"�"}
    Doltgres:
        {"\"�\""}

jsonb

QUERY:          SELECT count(*) FROM testjsonb WHERE j > '{"p":1}';
RECEIVED ERROR: row sets differ:
    Postgres:
        {884}
    Doltgres:
        {894}

QUERY:          select '12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005'::jsonb::numeric;
RECEIVED ERROR: row sets differ:
    Postgres:
        {"12345.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005"}
    Doltgres:
        {"12345"}

${\color{lightgreen}Progressions (33)}$

json

QUERY: SELECT test_json -> 'x'
FROM test_json
WHERE json_type = 'scalar';

QUERY: SELECT test_json -> 'x'
FROM test_json
WHERE json_type = 'array';

QUERY: SELECT test_json -> 'x'
FROM test_json
WHERE json_type = 'object';

QUERY: SELECT test_json -> 2
FROM test_json
WHERE json_type = 'scalar';

QUERY: SELECT test_json -> 2
FROM test_json
WHERE json_type = 'object';

QUERY: select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 1;

QUERY: select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> -1;

QUERY: select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> 'z';

QUERY: select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json -> '';

QUERY: select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 3;

QUERY: select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json -> 'z';

QUERY: select '"foo"'::json -> 1;

QUERY: select '"foo"'::json -> 'z';

QUERY: select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', null];

QUERY: select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a', ''];

QUERY: select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','b','c','d'];

QUERY: select '{"a": {"b":{"c": "foo"}}}'::json #> array['a','z','c'];

QUERY: select '{"a": [{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]}'::json #> array['a','z','b'];

QUERY: select '[{"b": "c"}, {"b": "cc"}]'::json #> array['z','b'];

QUERY: select '"foo"'::json #> array['z'];

QUERY: select '42'::json #> array['f2'];

QUERY: select '42'::json #> array['0'];

json_encoding

QUERY: SELECT '"\u000g"'::json;

QUERY: SELECT '"\u000g"'::jsonb;

QUERY: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "dollar \\u0024 character" }' as not_an_escape;

QUERY: SELECT jsonb '{ "a":  "null \\u0000 escape" }' as not_an_escape;

jsonb

QUERY: SELECT count(distinct j) FROM testjsonb;

QUERY: SELECT '["a","b","c",[1,2],null]'::jsonb -> -6;

QUERY: SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,3}';

QUERY: SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-1}';

QUERY: SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-3}';

QUERY: SELECT '{"a":"b","c":[1,2,3]}'::jsonb #> '{c,-4}';

subselect

QUERY: select count(*) from tenk1 t
where (exists(select 1 from tenk1 k where k.unique1 = t.unique2) or ten < 0);

Footnotes

1. These are tests that we're marking as Successful, however they do not match the expected output in some way. This is due to small differences, such as different wording on the error messages, or the column names being incorrect while the data itself is correct. ↩