Stage 0: Add Java fundamentals exercises

examples/stage0/solutions/Operators.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+void main() {
+    // Create two integer variables, `first` and `second`. Assign `first`
+    // a value of 5, and `second` a value of 4. Then, print the sum of
+    // `first` and `second`.
+    int first = 5;
+    int second = 4;
+    System.out.println(first + second);
+
+    // Create an integer variable `result`. Multiply the sum of 1 + 6 by the
+    // difference of 7 and 8, and store it in this variable. Then, print
+    // the value of `result`.
+    int result = (1 + 6) * (7 - 8);
+    System.out.println(result);
+
+    // Given the below variable `rotPerSec`, create a variable `rotPerHour`
+    // whose value represents the corresponding amount of rotations per
+    // hour for `rotPerSec`. Then, print the value of `rotPerHour`.
+    int rotPerSec = 5;
+    int rotPerHour = rotPerSec * 60 * 60;
+    System.out.println(rotPerHour);
+
+    // Create an integer variable `quotient1`, and assign to it the value
+    // of 5 divided by 3. Then print the value of `quotient1`.
+    double quotient1 = 5 / 3;
+    System.out.println(quotient1);
+
+    // Create a variable `quotient2` of type double, and assign to it the
+    // value of 5.0 divided by 3. Then print the value of `quotient2`.
+    double quotient2 = 5.0 / 3;
+    System.out.println(quotient2);
+
+    // Create a variable `normalizedAngle` that takes `rawEncoderDegrees`
+    // and calculates its "true" value (as a degree amount from 0 to 360).
+    // Then print the value of `normalizedAngle`.
+    int rawEncoderDegrees = 560;
+    int normalizedAngle = 560 % 360;
+    System.out.println(normalizedAngle);
+
+    // Using only the increment operator, add 1 to the `timer` variable below.
+    // Then print the value of `timer`.
+    int timer = 1000;
+    timer++;
+    System.out.println(timer);
+
+    // Using only the decrement operator, subtract 1 from the `secondsLeftInMatch`
+    // variable below. Then print the value of `secondsLeftInMatch`.
+    int secondsLeftInMatch = 85;
+    secondsLeftInMatch--;
+    System.out.println(secondsLeftInMatch);
+
+    // TODO: Type casting if requested.
+
+    // Print the sum, difference, product, and quotient of the two variables
+    // below. Especially take note of how the quotient is printed.
+    int num1 = 15;
+    int num2 = 2;
+    System.out.println(num1 + num2);
+    System.out.println(num1 - num2);
+    System.out.println(num1 * num2);
+    System.out.println(num1 / num2);
+
+    // Create a variable `avg` of type double, and assign to it the average
+    // of the values 2, 5, and 4. Then print the value of `avg`.
+    // HINT: How can you ensure the result is not improperly rounded?
+    double avg = (2 + 5 + 4) / 3.0;
+    System.out.println(avg);
+}

examples/stage0/solutions/Print.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+public class Print {
+    public static void main(String args[]) {
+        // Print "Hello World!", with a newline at the end.
+        System.out.println("Hello World!");
+
+        // Print the following lines, each with a separate `println()` statement:
+        // The robot knows where it is at all times.
+        // It knows this because it knows where it isn't.
+        System.out.println("The robot knows where it is at all times.");
+        System.out.println("It knows this because it knows where it isn't.");
+
+        // Define a variable `pi` that is equal to 3.14159.
+        double pi = 3.14159;
+        // Define a variable `g` that is equal to 10.
+        int g = 10;
+        // Define a variable `mode` that is equal to "autonomous".
+        String mode = "autonomous";
+
+        // Now, print all three variables in the **same** print statement,
+        // separated by spaces.
+        System.out.println(pi + " " + g + " " + mode);
+
+        // Now, change pi to equal 3.142857. Then, print the value of `pi` again.
+        pi = 3.142857;
+        System.out.println(pi);
+
+        // Create a variable `degrees` of type `double` and assign it a value of
+        // 360. Then, print the variable to observe the type narrowing behavior
+        // (it stores as a double, although an integer was passed to it).
+        double degrees = 360;
+        System.out.println(degrees);
+    }
+}