feat: add profiling middleware and update README for performance prof…

README.md

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
         <li><a href="#uv-knowledge-and-inspirations">UV knowledge and inspirations</a></li> 
         <li><a href="#large-language-model">Integration with local LLM</a></li>  
         <li><a href="#ha-sample-with-nginx-as-load-balancer">High Availability sample with nginx as load balancer</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#performance-profiling-with-pyinstrument">Performance Profiling with Pyinstrument</a></li>
       </ul>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a></li>
@@ -193,6 +194,35 @@ make docker-up-ha
 <p align="right">(<a href="#readme-top">back to top</a>)</p>
 
 
+### Performance Profiling with Pyinstrument
+To help identify performance bottlenecks and analyze request handling, this project integrates `pyinstrument` for on-demand profiling.
+The `ProfilingMiddleware` allows you to profile any endpoint by simply adding a query parameter to your request.
+
+When profiling is enabled for a request, `pyinstrument` will monitor the execution, and the server will respond with a detailed HTML report that you can download and view in your browser.
+This report provides a visual breakdown of where time is spent within your code.
+
+To enable profiling for an endpoint, you need to:
+1. Add a `pyprofile` query parameter to the endpoint's signature. This makes the functionality discoverable through the API documentation.
+2. Make a request to the endpoint with the query parameter `?pyprofile=true`.
+
+Here is an example from the `redis_check` health endpoint:
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+from fastapi import Query
+
+@router.get("/redis", status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
+async def redis_check(
+    request: Request,
+    pyprofile: Annotated[
+        bool, Query(description="Enable profiler for this request")
+    ] = False,
+):
+    # ... endpoint logic
+```
+
+<p align="right">(<a href="#readme-top">back to top</a>)</p>
+
+
 ### UV knowledge and inspirations
 - https://docs.astral.sh/uv/
 - https://hynek.me/articles/docker-uv/
@@ -226,7 +256,8 @@ I've included a few of my favorites to kick things off!
 <details>
   <summary>2026 (1 change)</summary>
       <ul>
-         <li>[JAN 11 2026] refactor test fixture infrastructure to improve test isolation :test_tube:</li>
+        <li>[FEB 5 2026] add profiler middleware :crystal_ball:</li>
+        <li>[JAN 11 2026] refactor test fixture infrastructure to improve test isolation :test_tube:</li>
       </ul>
 </details>
 <details>

app/api/health.py

@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@
 
 
 @router.get("/redis", status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
-async def redis_check(request: Request):
+async def redis_check(
+    request: Request,
+    pyprofile: Annotated[  # noqa: ARG001
+        bool, Query(description="Enable profiler for this request")
+    ] = False,
+):
     """
     Endpoint to check Redis health and retrieve server information.
 
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@ async def redis_check(request: Request):
 
     Args:
         request (Request): The incoming HTTP request.
+        pyprofile (bool, optional): If `True`, enables the profiler for this request. Defaults to `False`.
 
     Returns:
         dict or None: Returns Redis server information as a dictionary if successful,

app/main.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
 from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
 from rotoger import get_logger
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware
 
 from app.api.health import router as health_router
 from app.api.ml import router as ml_router
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@
 from app.api.user import router as user_router
 from app.config import settings as global_settings
 from app.exception_handlers import register_exception_handlers
+from app.middleware.profiler import ProfilingMiddleware
 from app.redis import get_redis
 from app.services.auth import AuthBearer
 
@@ -44,11 +47,18 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
         await app.postgres_pool.close()
 
 
+middleware = [
+    Middleware(GZipMiddleware),
+    Middleware(ProfilingMiddleware),
+]
+
+
 def create_app() -> FastAPI:
     app = FastAPI(
         title="Stuff And Nonsense API",
         version="1.22.0",
         lifespan=lifespan,
+        middleware=middleware,
     )
     app.include_router(stuff_router)
     app.include_router(nonsense_router)

app/middleware/profiler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from fastapi import Request
+from pyinstrument import Profiler
+from starlette.middleware.base import (
+    BaseHTTPMiddleware,
+    RequestResponseEndpoint,
+)
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, Response
+
+
+class ProfilingMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    async def dispatch(
+        self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint
+    ) -> Response:
+        if request.query_params.get("pyprofile") == "true":
+            profiler = Profiler(interval=0.001, async_mode="enabled")
+            profiler.start()
+
+            await call_next(request)
+
+            profiler.stop()
+            return HTMLResponse(
+                profiler.output_html(),
+                headers={"Content-Disposition": "attachment; filename=profile.html"},
+            )
+
+        return await call_next(request)

compose.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ services:
     command: bash -c "
       uvicorn app.main:app
       --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080
-      --lifespan=on --use-colors --loop uvloop --http httptools
+      --lifespan=on --use-colors --loop uvloop --http httptools --reload
       "
     volumes:
       - ./app:/panettone/app

pyproject.toml

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "granian==2.6.0",
     "apscheduler[redis,sqlalchemy]>=4.0.0a6",
     "rotoger==0.2.1",
+    "pyinstrument>=5.1.2",
 ]
 
 [tool.uv]

tests/conftest.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 def anyio_backend(request):
     return request.param
 
+
 def _create_db(conn) -> None:
     """Create the test database if it doesn't exist."""
     try: