[pull] master from ckormanyos:master

.github/workflows/real-time-cpp-benchmarks.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ##############################################################################
-#  Copyright Christopher Kormanyos 2021 - 2025.
+#  Copyright Christopher Kormanyos 2021 - 2026.
 #  Distributed under the Boost Software License,
 #  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
 #  or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: benchmark_single-stm32f446
         run: |
           mkdir -p bin
-          arm-none-eabi-g++ -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -O2 -g -gdwarf-2 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -x c++ -fno-rtti -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fno-exceptions -fno-nonansi-builtins -fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-enforce-eh-specs -ftemplate-depth=32 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mtune=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=soft -mno-unaligned-access -mno-long-calls -I./src/mcal/stm32f446 -I./src -DAPP_BENCHMARK_TYPE=APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_CRC -DAPP_BENCHMARK_STANDALONE_MAIN ./src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark_crc.cpp ./target/micros/stm32f446/make/single/crt.cpp -nostartfiles -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-Map,./bin/app_benchmark_crc.map -T ./target/micros/stm32f446/make/stm32f446.ld -o ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf
+          arm-none-eabi-g++ -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -O2 -g -gdwarf-2 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -x c++ -fno-rtti -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fno-exceptions -fno-nonansi-builtins -fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-enforce-eh-specs -ftemplate-depth=32 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mtune=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=soft -mno-unaligned-access -mno-long-calls -I./src/mcal/stm32f446 -I./src -DAPP_BENCHMARK_TYPE=APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_CRC -DAPP_BENCHMARK_STANDALONE_MAIN ./src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark_crc.cpp ./src/mcal/mcal_gcc_cxx_completion.cpp ./target/micros/stm32f446/make/single/crt.cpp -nostartfiles -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-Map,./bin/app_benchmark_crc.map -T ./target/micros/stm32f446/make/stm32f446.ld -o ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf
           arm-none-eabi-objcopy ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf -O ihex ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.hex
           ls -la ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.hex ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.map
         working-directory: ./ref_app/
@@ -286,20 +286,20 @@ jobs:
           wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/ncurses/libncursesw5_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
           sudo apt install ./libncursesw5_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
           mkdir -p emu_env && cd emu_env
-          wget --no-check-certificate https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/13.3.rel1/binrel/arm-gnu-toolchain-13.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
-          tar -xf arm-gnu-toolchain-13.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
+          wget --no-check-certificate https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/14.3.rel1/binrel/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
+          tar -xf arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
           wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/xpack-dev-tools/qemu-arm-xpack/releases/download/v8.2.6-1/xpack-qemu-arm-8.2.6-1-linux-x64.tar.gz
           tar -xzf xpack-qemu-arm-8.2.6-1-linux-x64.tar.gz
         working-directory: ./ref_app/
       - name: build benchmark_single-stm32f429
         run: |
-          PATH="${{ runner.workspace }}/real-time-cpp/ref_app/emu_env/arm-gnu-toolchain-13.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin:$PATH"
+          PATH="${{ runner.workspace }}/real-time-cpp/ref_app/emu_env/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin:$PATH"
           echo 'Query arm-none-eabi-g++ version'
           echo
           arm-none-eabi-g++ -v
           echo
           mkdir -p bin
-          arm-none-eabi-g++ -std=c++20 -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion -O2 -g -gdwarf-2 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -x c++ -fno-rtti -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fno-exceptions -fno-nonansi-builtins -fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-enforce-eh-specs -ftemplate-depth=32 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mtune=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=soft -mno-unaligned-access -mno-long-calls -I./src/mcal/stm32f429 -I./src -DAPP_BENCHMARK_TYPE=APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_CRC -DAPP_BENCHMARK_STANDALONE_MAIN ./src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark_crc.cpp ./target/micros/stm32f429/make/single/crt.cpp -nostartfiles -nostdlib -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-Map,./bin/app_benchmark_crc.map -T ./target/micros/stm32f429/make/stm32f429.ld --specs=nano.specs --specs=nosys.specs -o ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf
+          arm-none-eabi-g++ -std=c++23 -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion -O2 -g -gdwarf-2 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -x c++ -fno-rtti -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fno-exceptions -fno-nonansi-builtins -fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-enforce-eh-specs -ftemplate-depth=32 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mtune=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=soft -mno-unaligned-access -mno-long-calls -I./src/mcal/stm32f429 -I./src -DAPP_BENCHMARK_TYPE=APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_CRC -DAPP_BENCHMARK_STANDALONE_MAIN ./src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark_crc.cpp ./src/mcal/mcal_gcc_cxx_completion.cpp ./target/micros/stm32f429/make/single/crt.cpp -nostartfiles -nostdlib -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-Map,./bin/app_benchmark_crc.map -T ./target/micros/stm32f429/make/stm32f429.ld --specs=nano.specs --specs=nosys.specs -o ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf
           arm-none-eabi-objcopy ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf -O ihex ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.hex
           ls -la ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.hex ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.map
         working-directory: ./ref_app/
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: run-test-on-target
         run: |
           sleep 2
-          PATH="${{ runner.workspace }}/real-time-cpp/ref_app/emu_env/arm-gnu-toolchain-13.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin:$PATH"
+          PATH="${{ runner.workspace }}/real-time-cpp/ref_app/emu_env/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin:$PATH"
           echo 'Run test on target'
           echo
           arm-none-eabi-gdb ./bin/app_benchmark_crc.elf -x ./target/build/test_app_benchmarks_emulator.gdb > ./app_benchmark_crc.txt
@@ -321,3 +321,59 @@ jobs:
           echo 'We will now grep for the right answer...'
           grep 'value 0xF00DCAFE' ./app_benchmark_crc.txt
         working-directory: ./ref_app/
+  benchmark_single-stm32f429-qemu-std-big-int:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: '0'
+      - name: update-tools
+        run: |
+          sudo apt update
+          wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/ncurses/libtinfo5_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
+          sudo apt install ./libtinfo5_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
+          wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/ncurses/libncursesw5_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
+          sudo apt install ./libncursesw5_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
+          mkdir -p emu_env && cd emu_env
+          wget --no-check-certificate https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/14.3.rel1/binrel/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
+          tar -xf arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
+          wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/xpack-dev-tools/qemu-arm-xpack/releases/download/v8.2.6-1/xpack-qemu-arm-8.2.6-1-linux-x64.tar.gz
+          tar -xzf xpack-qemu-arm-8.2.6-1-linux-x64.tar.gz
+        working-directory: ./ref_app/
+      - name: clone-eisenwave-std-big-int
+        run: |
+          git clone -b main --depth 1 https://github.com/eisenwave/std-big-int.git ../../std-big-int-root
+        working-directory: ./ref_app/
+      - name: build benchmark_single-stm32f429
+        run: |
+          PATH="${{ runner.workspace }}/real-time-cpp/ref_app/emu_env/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin:$PATH"
+          echo 'Query arm-none-eabi-g++ version'
+          echo
+          arm-none-eabi-g++ -v
+          echo
+          mkdir -p bin
+          arm-none-eabi-g++ -std=c++23 -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion -O2 -g -gdwarf-2 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -x c++ -fno-rtti -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fno-exceptions -fno-nonansi-builtins -fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-enforce-eh-specs -ftemplate-depth=32 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mtune=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=soft -mno-unaligned-access -mno-long-calls -I./src/mcal/stm32f429 -I./src -I../../std-big-int-root/include -DAPP_BENCHMARK_TYPE=APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_STD_BIG_INT -DAPP_BENCHMARK_STANDALONE_MAIN ./src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark_std_big_int.cpp ./src/mcal/mcal_gcc_cxx_completion.cpp ../../std-big-int-root/src/karatsuba.cpp ../../std-big-int-root/src/toom_cook_3.cpp ../../std-big-int-root/src/toom_cook_4.cpp ../../std-big-int-root/src/toom_cook_6_5.cpp ./target/micros/stm32f429/make/single/crt.cpp -nostartfiles -nostdlib -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-Map,./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.map -T ./target/micros/stm32f429/make/stm32f429.ld --specs=nano.specs --specs=nosys.specs -o ./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.elf
+          arm-none-eabi-objcopy ./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.elf -O ihex ./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.hex
+          ls -la ./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.elf ./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.hex ./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.map
+        working-directory: ./ref_app/
+      - name: emulate-target stm32f429
+        run: |
+          PATH="${{ runner.workspace }}/real-time-cpp/ref_app/emu_env/xpack-qemu-arm-8.2.6-1/bin:$PATH"
+          qemu-system-gnuarmeclipse --verbose --mcu STM32F429ZI --nographic --gdb tcp::9999 -d unimp,guest_errors &
+          sleep 2
+        working-directory: ./ref_app/
+      - name: run-test-on-target
+        run: |
+          sleep 2
+          PATH="${{ runner.workspace }}/real-time-cpp/ref_app/emu_env/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin:$PATH"
+          echo 'Run test on target'
+          echo
+          arm-none-eabi-gdb ./bin/app_benchmark_std_big_int.elf -x ./target/build/test_app_benchmarks_emulator.gdb > ./app_benchmark_std_big_int.txt
+          cat ./app_benchmark_std_big_int.txt
+          echo
+          echo 'We will now grep for the right answer...'
+          grep 'value 0xF00DCAFE' ./app_benchmark_std_big_int.txt
+        working-directory: ./ref_app/

.github/workflows/real-time-cpp.yml

@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: '0'
       - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
         with:
-          toolset: 14.2
+          toolset: 14.4
       - name: msvc-msbuild-${{ matrix.suite }}
         run: |
           MSBuild -m ref_app.sln -p:Configuration=${{ matrix.suite }} -p:Platform=x64 /t:Rebuild

examples/chapter10_08/readme.md

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # Example Chapter10_08 (advanced level)
+
 ## External SPI RAM and Computing 10,001 Digits of Pi
 
 <p align="center">
-    <a href="https://godbolt.org/z/EMx88ocxn" alt="godbolt">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/try%20it%20on-godbolt-green" /></a>
+    <a href="https://godbolt.org/z/EMx88ocxn">
+        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/try%20it%20on-godbolt-green" alt="godbolt" /></a>
 </p>
 
 This advanced example extends available RAM via SPI SRAM chips.
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ These 8-pin SRAM chips are straightforward to use.
 They are controlled with easy-to-understand commands
 that execute read/write operations in either single byte sequences
 or small page bursts. A lightweight communication class
-called `mcal::memroy::sram::memory_sram_microchip_23lc1024`
+called `mcal::memory::sram::memory_sram_microchip_23lc1024`
 that is used to control the SRAM chips can be found
 in the file
 [mcal_memory_sram_microchip_23lc1024.h](./src/mcal/avr/mcal_memory_sram_microchip_23lc1024.h)
@@ -165,9 +166,9 @@ Pinning in this example is summarized in the table below.
 The hardware setup is pictured in the image below with an oscilloscope measurement
 in action.
 
-![](./images/board10_08.jpg)
+![Hardware Setup](./images/board10_08.jpg)
 
 The PWM signal representing calculation progress is shown below.
 The PWM signal has a frequency of approximately $2~\text{kHz}$.
 
-![](./images/scope10_08.jpg)
+![View of PWM signal on oscilloscope](./images/scope10_08.jpg)

examples/chapter10_08a/readme.md

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Example Chapter10_08a (advanced level)
+
 ## Parallel SRAM and Computing 100,001 Digits of Pi
 
 This advanced example picks up on the idea of the previous Example Chapter10_08
@@ -30,12 +31,12 @@ Care needs to be taken to wire the parallel SRAM brick properly
 (as shown below). When the hardware setup is correct,
 however, it is actually relatively straightforward
 (although definitely requires careful attention to detail)
-to write a prallel SRAM driver for the 8-bit MCU.
+to write a parallel SRAM driver for the 8-bit MCU.
 The results of these activities
 are expressed in the template classes
-`mcal::memroy::sram::memory_sram_parallel_cypress_cy62158e`
+`mcal::memory::sram::memory_sram_parallel_cypress_cy62158e`
 and
-`mcal::memroy::sram::memory_sram_parallel_cypress_cy62167gn`
+`mcal::memory::sram::memory_sram_parallel_cypress_cy62167gn`
 found in the files
 [mcal_memory_sram_parallel_cypress_cy62158e.h](./src/mcal/avr/mcal_memory_sram_parallel_cypress_cy62158e.h)
 and
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ This increases quadratically with increasing number
 of decimal digits targeted in a given calculation.
 
 Although we're not intending to break any super-computing
-performace or speed records with the 8-bit MCU hooked up
+performance or speed records with the 8-bit MCU hooked up
 to external parallel SRAM, the advantage of parallel port access
 can be noticed.
 Indeed, in this setup, the $1,001$
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ or the $2~\text{MByte}$ brick.
 
 The pin connections of the $2~\text{MByte}$ memory brick
 of type Cypress(R) MoBL(R) CY62167GN in 48-pin TSOP
-are shown in the table below. The pinnning has
+are shown in the table below. The pinning has
 been selected with certain considerations in mind that
 make the software driver for the memory brick
 more straightforward and less complicated to write.
@@ -194,11 +195,11 @@ read/write operations on the driver level.
 The hardware setup with the $2~\text{MByte}$ SRAM brick
 is pictured in the image below.
 
-![](./images/board10_08a_2MB.jpg)
+![2MByte Hardware Setup](./images/board10_08a_2MB.jpg)
 
 ### 1MB Setup
 
 The hardware setup with the $1~\text{MByte}$ SRAM brick
 is pictured in the image below.
 
-![](./images/board10_08a_1MB.jpg)
+![1MByte Hardware Setup](./images/board10_08a_1MB.jpg)

examples/chapter10_09/readme.md

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Example Chapter10_09 (advanced level)
+
 ## 100,001 Digits of Pi on Raspberry Pi(R)
 
 This advanced example ports the Pi Spigot
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ in this example. It can be found in identically the same form
 as that which has been used in Examples Chapter10_08 and 10_08a.
 The single-board computer is operated
 OS-less in _bare-metal_ mode with no input or output device.
-Real-time afficionados will relish the eloquent, efficient, terse,
+Real-time aficionados will relish the eloquent, efficient, terse,
 manually-written startup sequence and memory-access optimization code.
 A skinny MCAL layer provides the needed peripheral abstractions
 for timer, port I/O driver, etc.
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ are used to connect the single-board computer to power, ground
 and the necessary logic peripherals. Power and ground lines have
 double and quadruple strands of skinny wire
 in order to reduce parasitic dissipation
-in the currrent-carrying lines.
+in the current-carrying lines.
 
 The logic gate sharpens port output signal edges
 and performs the conversion from $3.3~\text{V}$ CMOS to $5~\text{V}$ TTL.
@@ -256,8 +257,7 @@ Pinning in this example is summarized in the table below.
 | 27             | GPA_6        | LCD R/W                                        |
 | 28             | GPA_7        | LCD E                                          |
 
-
 The hardware setup with the RpiZero in action calculating
-$100,001$ decimal digits of  $\pi$ is pictured in the image below.
+$100,001$ decimal digits of $\pi$ is pictured in the image below.
 
-![](./images/board10_09.jpg)
+![Hardware Setup with RpiZero](./images/board10_09.jpg)

ref_app/ref_app.vcxproj

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
       <DisableSpecificWarnings>4351;4646;4996</DisableSpecificWarnings>
-      <LanguageStandard>stdcpplatest</LanguageStandard>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp23</LanguageStandard>
       <PrecompiledHeaderFile>
       </PrecompiledHeaderFile>
       <PrecompiledHeaderOutputFile>
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
       <DisableSpecificWarnings>4351;4646;4996</DisableSpecificWarnings>
-      <LanguageStandard>stdcpplatest</LanguageStandard>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp23</LanguageStandard>
       <PrecompiledHeaderFile>
       </PrecompiledHeaderFile>
       <PrecompiledHeaderOutputFile>
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_pi_agm.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_pi_spigot.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_pi_spigot_single.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_std_big_int.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_trapezoid_integral.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_wide_decimal.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_wide_integer.cpp" />

ref_app/ref_app.vcxproj.filters

@@ -1402,6 +1402,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="src\mcal\esp32p4_riscv_soc\mcal_gpt.cpp">
       <Filter>src\mcal\esp32p4_riscv_soc</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="src\app\benchmark\app_benchmark_std_big_int.cpp">
+      <Filter>src\app\benchmark</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="src\math\calculus\derivative.h">

ref_app/src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark.cpp

@@ -124,6 +124,10 @@ auto app::benchmark::task_func() -> void
 
   const bool result_is_ok = app::benchmark::run_boost_crypt_hasher();
 
+  #elif (defined(APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE) && (APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE == APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_STD_BIG_INT))
+
+  const bool result_is_ok = app::benchmark::run_std_big_int();
+
   #endif
 
   // Set the benchmark port pin level to low.

ref_app/src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
   #define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_NON_STD_DECIMAL                    21
   #define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_PI_AGM_100                         22
   #define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_BOOST_CRYPT_HASHER                 23
+  #define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_STD_BIG_INT                        24
 
   //#define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE   APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_NONE
   //#define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE   APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_COMPLEX
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
   //#define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE   APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_NON_STD_DECIMAL
   //#define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE   APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_PI_AGM_100
   //#define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE   APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_BOOST_CRYPT_HASHER
+  //#define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE   APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_STD_BIG_INT
 
   #if !defined(APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE)
   #define APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE   APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_NONE
@@ -112,6 +114,8 @@
   auto run_non_std_decimal() -> bool;
   #elif (APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE == APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_BOOST_CRYPT_HASHER)
   auto run_boost_crypt_hasher() -> bool;
+  #elif (APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE == APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE_STD_BIG_INT)
+  auto run_std_big_int() -> bool;
   #else
   #error APP_BENCHMARK_TYPE is undefined.
   #endif

ref_app/src/app/benchmark/app_benchmark_crc.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//  Copyright Christopher Kormanyos 2007 - 2019.
+//  Copyright Christopher Kormanyos 2007 - 2026.
 //  Distributed under the Boost Software License,
 //  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
 //  or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)