Reduce redundant fetches

CHANGES.rst

@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@ Unreleased
   backups use the legacy global checkpoint as a migration fallback, and the
   legacy file is removed once existing issue/pull backups have resource
   checkpoints (#62).
+- Stop paginating pull requests during incremental backups once the sorted
+  results are at or older than the active checkpoint.
+- Avoid re-fetching discussions and pull requests whose ``updated_at`` exactly
+  matches the active incremental checkpoint.
+- Avoid extra release asset list requests by using asset metadata already
+  included in GitHub's releases response.
 - Add ``--token-from-gh`` to read authentication from ``gh auth token``.
 
 

github_backup/github_backup.py

@@ -717,11 +717,12 @@ def calculate_retry_delay(attempt, headers):
     return delay + random.uniform(0, delay * 0.1)
 
 
-def retrieve_data(args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True):
+def retrieve_data(args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True, lazy=False):
     """
     Fetch the data from GitHub API.
 
-    Handle both single requests and pagination with yield of individual dicts.
+    Handle both single requests and pagination. Returns a list by default, or
+    a generator when lazy=True so callers can stop before fetching every page.
     Handles throttling, retries, read errors, and DMCA takedowns.
     """
     query_args = query_args or {}
@@ -851,6 +852,9 @@ def _extract_legal_url(response_body_bytes):
             ):
                 break  # No more data
 
+    if lazy:
+        return fetch_all()
+
     return list(fetch_all())
 
 
@@ -2229,7 +2233,7 @@ def retrieve_discussion_summaries(args, repository, since=None):
             if updated_at and (newest_seen is None or updated_at > newest_seen):
                 newest_seen = updated_at
 
-            if since and updated_at and updated_at < since:
+            if since and updated_at and updated_at <= since:
                 stop = True
                 break
 
@@ -2650,26 +2654,28 @@ def track_newest_pull_update(pull):
             newest_pull_update = updated_at
 
     def pull_is_due_for_repository_checkpoint(pull):
-        return not repository_since or pull["updated_at"] >= repository_since
+        return not repository_since or pull["updated_at"] > repository_since
 
     if not args.include_pull_details:
         pull_states = ["open", "closed"]
         for pull_state in pull_states:
             query_args["state"] = pull_state
-            _pulls = retrieve_data(args, _pulls_template, query_args=query_args)
-            for pull in _pulls:
+            for pull in retrieve_data(
+                args, _pulls_template, query_args=query_args, lazy=True
+            ):
                 track_newest_pull_update(pull)
-                if pulls_since and pull["updated_at"] < pulls_since:
+                if pulls_since and pull["updated_at"] <= pulls_since:
                     break
-                if not pulls_since or pull["updated_at"] >= pulls_since:
+                if not pulls_since or pull["updated_at"] > pulls_since:
                     pulls[pull["number"]] = pull
     else:
-        _pulls = retrieve_data(args, _pulls_template, query_args=query_args)
-        for pull in _pulls:
+        for pull in retrieve_data(
+            args, _pulls_template, query_args=query_args, lazy=True
+        ):
             track_newest_pull_update(pull)
-            if pulls_since and pull["updated_at"] < pulls_since:
+            if pulls_since and pull["updated_at"] <= pulls_since:
                 break
-            if not pulls_since or pull["updated_at"] >= pulls_since:
+            if not pulls_since or pull["updated_at"] > pulls_since:
                 if pull_is_due_for_repository_checkpoint(pull):
                     pulls[pull["number"]] = retrieve_data(
                         args,
@@ -2913,7 +2919,12 @@ def backup_releases(args, repo_cwd, repository, repos_template, include_assets=F
             written_count += 1
 
         if include_assets and not skip_assets:
-            assets = retrieve_data(args, release["assets_url"])
+            # The releases list API already includes release asset metadata. Use
+            # it to avoid an extra /releases/{id}/assets request per release.
+            # Keep a fallback for older/enterprise responses that might omit it.
+            assets = release.get("assets")
+            if assets is None:
+                assets = retrieve_data(args, release["assets_url"])
             if len(assets) > 0:
                 # give release asset files somewhere to live & download them (not including source archives)
                 release_assets_cwd = os.path.join(release_cwd, release_name_safe)

tests/test_discussions.py

@@ -50,6 +50,41 @@ def test_retrieve_discussion_summaries_stops_at_incremental_since(create_args):
     )
 
 
+def test_retrieve_discussion_summaries_excludes_checkpoint_timestamp(create_args):
+    args = create_args()
+    repository = {"full_name": "owner/repo"}
+
+    page = {
+        "repository": {
+            "hasDiscussionsEnabled": True,
+            "discussions": {
+                "totalCount": 1,
+                "nodes": [
+                    {
+                        "number": 1,
+                        "title": "already backed up",
+                        "updatedAt": "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+                    },
+                ],
+                "pageInfo": {"hasNextPage": True, "endCursor": "NEXT"},
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    with patch(
+        "github_backup.github_backup.retrieve_graphql_data", return_value=page
+    ) as mock_retrieve:
+        summaries, newest, enabled, total = github_backup.retrieve_discussion_summaries(
+            args, repository, since="2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+        )
+
+    assert enabled is True
+    assert total == 1
+    assert newest == "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+    assert summaries == []
+    assert mock_retrieve.call_count == 1
+
+
 def test_retrieve_discussion_summaries_disabled_discussions(create_args):
     args = create_args()
     repository = {"full_name": "owner/repo"}

tests/test_pull_incremental_pagination.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""Tests for incremental pull request pagination."""
+
+import json
+import os
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from github_backup import github_backup
+
+
+class MockHTTPResponse:
+    def __init__(self, data, link_header=None):
+        self._content = json.dumps(data).encode("utf-8")
+        self._link_header = link_header
+        self._read = False
+        self.reason = "OK"
+
+    def getcode(self):
+        return 200
+
+    def read(self):
+        if self._read:
+            return b""
+        self._read = True
+        return self._content
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self):
+        headers = {"x-ratelimit-remaining": "5000"}
+        if self._link_header:
+            headers["Link"] = self._link_header
+        return headers
+
+
+def test_backup_pulls_incremental_excludes_checkpoint_timestamp(create_args, tmp_path):
+    args = create_args(include_pulls=True, incremental=True)
+    args.since = "2026-04-26T08:13:46Z"
+    repository = {"full_name": "owner/repo"}
+
+    responses = [
+        MockHTTPResponse([]),
+        MockHTTPResponse(
+            [
+                {
+                    "number": 1,
+                    "title": "already backed up",
+                    "updated_at": "2026-04-26T08:13:46Z",
+                },
+            ],
+            link_header='<https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/pulls?per_page=100&state=closed&page=2>; rel="next"',
+        ),
+        MockHTTPResponse(
+            [
+                {
+                    "number": 0,
+                    "title": "older pull on page 2",
+                    "updated_at": "2026-04-25T07:00:00Z",
+                }
+            ]
+        ),
+    ]
+    requests_made = []
+
+    def mock_urlopen(request, *args, **kwargs):
+        requests_made.append(request.get_full_url())
+        return responses[len(requests_made) - 1]
+
+    with patch("github_backup.github_backup.urlopen", side_effect=mock_urlopen):
+        github_backup.backup_pulls(
+            args, tmp_path, repository, "https://api.github.com/repos"
+        )
+
+    assert len(requests_made) == 2
+    assert "state=open" in requests_made[0]
+    assert "state=closed" in requests_made[1]
+    assert all("page=2" not in url for url in requests_made)
+    assert not os.path.exists(tmp_path / "pulls" / "1.json")
+    assert not os.path.exists(tmp_path / "pulls" / "0.json")
+
+
+def test_backup_pulls_incremental_stops_before_fetching_old_pages(
+    create_args, tmp_path
+):
+    args = create_args(include_pulls=True, incremental=True)
+    args.since = "2026-04-26T08:13:46Z"
+    repository = {"full_name": "owner/repo"}
+
+    responses = [
+        MockHTTPResponse([]),
+        MockHTTPResponse(
+            [
+                {
+                    "number": 2,
+                    "title": "new pull",
+                    "updated_at": "2026-04-26T09:00:00Z",
+                },
+                {
+                    "number": 1,
+                    "title": "old pull",
+                    "updated_at": "2026-04-26T07:00:00Z",
+                },
+            ],
+            link_header='<https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/pulls?per_page=100&state=closed&page=2>; rel="next"',
+        ),
+        MockHTTPResponse(
+            [
+                {
+                    "number": 0,
+                    "title": "older pull on page 2",
+                    "updated_at": "2026-04-25T07:00:00Z",
+                }
+            ]
+        ),
+    ]
+    requests_made = []
+
+    def mock_urlopen(request, *args, **kwargs):
+        requests_made.append(request.get_full_url())
+        return responses[len(requests_made) - 1]
+
+    with patch("github_backup.github_backup.urlopen", side_effect=mock_urlopen):
+        github_backup.backup_pulls(
+            args, tmp_path, repository, "https://api.github.com/repos"
+        )
+
+    assert len(requests_made) == 2
+    assert "state=open" in requests_made[0]
+    assert "state=closed" in requests_made[1]
+    assert all("page=2" not in url for url in requests_made)
+    assert os.path.exists(tmp_path / "pulls" / "2.json")
+    assert not os.path.exists(tmp_path / "pulls" / "1.json")
+    assert not os.path.exists(tmp_path / "pulls" / "0.json")

tests/test_pull_reviews.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def test_backup_pulls_includes_review_data(create_args, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     repository = {"full_name": "owner/repo"}
     calls = []
 
-    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True):
+    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True, **kwargs):
         calls.append((template, query_args))
         if template == "https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/pulls":
             if query_args["state"] == "open":
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def test_pull_reviews_backfill_ignores_repository_checkpoint(
     args.since = "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"
     repository = {"full_name": "owner/repo"}
 
-    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True):
+    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True, **kwargs):
         if template == "https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/pulls":
             if query_args["state"] == "open":
                 return [
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def test_pull_reviews_uses_review_checkpoint_when_older_than_repository_checkpoi
     pulls_dir.mkdir()
     (pulls_dir / "reviews_last_update").write_text("2025-01-01T00:00:00Z")
 
-    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True):
+    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True, **kwargs):
         if template == "https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/pulls":
             if query_args["state"] == "open":
                 return [
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ def test_pull_reviews_preserves_existing_optional_pull_data(
             f,
         )
 
-    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True):
+    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True, **kwargs):
         if template == "https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/pulls":
             if query_args["state"] == "open":
                 return [
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def test_pull_reviews_does_not_advance_checkpoint_on_review_error(
     pulls_dir.mkdir()
     (pulls_dir / "reviews_last_update").write_text("2025-01-01T00:00:00Z")
 
-    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True):
+    def fake_retrieve_data(passed_args, template, query_args=None, paginated=True, **kwargs):
         if template == "https://api.github.com/repos/owner/repo/pulls":
             if query_args["state"] == "open":
                 return [