kixelated · Oct 28, 2026 · Oct 28, 2026 · Oct 28, 2026 · Oct 28, 2026 · Oct 28, 2026
diff --git a/quest/m2/ts-async.md b/quest/m2/ts-async.md
@@ -18,15 +18,14 @@ A handoff through 1, 4, and 16 async functions measured 1.5-2.7x faster than #16
 generators in Node, 1.8-5.5x in Bun, and 1.4-3.5x in Chrome, and past depth 1 faster
 than moq's hand-written promises. `rt.spawn` stays.
 
-std's future helpers translate: `Poll`'s methods, `pin!`, `poll_fn`, `future::pending`,
+std's future helpers translate: `Poll`'s methods, `Poll<Poll<T>>`, `pin!`, `poll_fn`, `future::pending`,
 `Waker::from(Arc<W>)`, and `Waker::noop`, and so do `Box::pin` and `dyn Future`. What
 moq-net still needs, by its census from MIR at the pinned revision:
 
 - Async closures, which only moq-net's tests write today.
-- kio's own API, reached across crates (`Pending`, `Consumer::poll`,
-  `Waiter::poll_future`, `Tasks`), translates from source as a
-  [dependency](/ts/README.md), and kio's `RawWaker` vtable and
-  `Box<dyn FnMut>` tasks are [bindings](/ts/README.md#bindings).
+- kio's `Tasks`, whose `RawWaker` vtable and `Box<dyn FnMut>` tasks are
+  [bindings](/ts/README.md#bindings). The rest of kio's API translates from source
+  across crates; what it still refuses is std's.
 - The edge: `rt.spawn`'s shape for callers, and cancelling a spawned task.
 
 An async block that captures part of a variable, which THIR refused 47 times, is a

diff --git a/ts/Cargo.lock b/ts/Cargo.lock
diff --git a/ts/README.md b/ts/README.md
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ crate translation reaches is refused, and so are two versions of one crate it re
 | `enum` | a union of objects tagged by variant |
 | `Option<T>` | `T \| undefined`; `T \| rt.None` where `T` can already be `undefined`, as `()` and `Option` can, so `Option<()>` and `Option<Option<u64>>` keep `None` apart from each `Some` |
 | `Result<T, E>` | `rt.Result<T, E>`: `{ ok: true, value }` or `{ ok: false, error }`; `rt.OK` or `rt.ERR` where the payload is `undefined`, as in `Ok(())` |
-| `ControlFlow<B, C>` | `rt.Result<C, B>`, `Ok` to continue; what `?` branches on is the value it was applied to |
+| `ControlFlow<B, C>` | `rt.Result<C, B>`, `Ok` to continue; what `?` branches on is the value it was applied to, but for a `Poll`'s `Pending` and `Ready(None)`, which continue as `Ok` of themselves |
 | tuple, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `Vec<T>` | an array; for bytes, `Uint8Array` for `[u8; N]`, `rt.ByteSlice` for `&[u8]` and `&[u8; N]`, and `rt.ByteVec` for `Vec<u8>` |
 | `&T`, `&mut T`, `Box<T>`, `Reverse<T>`, `NonZero<T>` | the value; a `&mut` to a value JS copies, such as a number, an `Option`, or a `String`, is an `rt.Place<T>` |
 | an iterator | `rt.Iter<Item>`, whose adaptors are runtime functions: `rt.iterMap(rt.iterSlice(v), f)` |
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ crate translation reaches is refused, and so are two versions of one crate it re
 | `OnceCell<T>`, `OnceLock<T>` | `rt.OnceCell` and `rt.OnceLock`, holding the `Option<T>` in `v`; a `OnceLock` initialized from within its own initialization panics, as wasm32's does |
 | `AtomicU32` and the others of `bool` and integers | `rt.Atomic<T>`, the `rt.Place` of its value; an `atomic::Ordering` is its discriminant, and one an operation can't take panics as std's does |
 | `async fn` | a function returning `rt.Future<T>`: a class of its own, its coroutine's state machine |
-| `Poll<T>`, `Waker`, `Context` | `T \| typeof rt.Pending`, refused if `T` can already be pending; `rt.Waker`, which is also the context |
+| `Poll<T>`, `Waker`, `Context` | `T \| typeof rt.Pending`; `T \| rt.OuterPending` where `T` can already be pending, as `Poll<Poll<u8>>` can, so `Ready(Pending)` keeps apart from `Pending`; `rt.Waker`, which is also the context |
 | `pin!(x)`, `poll_fn(f)`, `future::pending()` | `x`; `rt.PollFn`, which drops `f` with itself; `rt.NEVER` |
 | `Box::pin(x)`, `dyn Future<Output = T>` | `x`; `rt.Future<T>`: an `async` body or std's future as it is, and another future as an `rt.DynFuture` over its `poll`, which drops it with itself unless borrowed |
 | `bytes::Bytes` | `rt.ByteSlice`, as `&[u8]` is: its clones and slices share bytes that never change |
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ they need.
 `Box`, or `Arc` ([trait objects](/quest/m3/ts-dyn.md)), fail translation. Until they translate, an item that needs one, such as a boxed closure, binds to
 hand-written TS ([bindings](#bindings)).
 
-These fail translation: formatting and parsing an `f64`, and `f64::clamp`, whose panic formats them ([float formatting](/quest/m2/ts-model/floats.md)), `f32` ([`f32`](/quest/m3/ts-f32.md)), statics, async closures, a closure that owns a value
+These fail translation: formatting and parsing an `f64`, and `f64::clamp`, whose panic formats them ([float formatting](/quest/m2/ts-model/floats.md)), `f32` ([`f32`](/quest/m3/ts-f32.md)), statics, async closures, a `Poll` of a `Poll` of a `Poll`, a future whose output can be pending, an instance of a generic type whose field is a `Poll` of a type parameter that can be pending, a closure that owns a value
 that drops given to a std function that drops it beside another value that drops, as
 `for_each` of items that drop does, or keeps it other than in an iterator adaptor, and
 values that drop in some iterators ([drop order](/quest/m3/ts-drop-order.md)), a `Cow` of other than `str`,
@@ -570,9 +570,11 @@ built natively for wasm32 and run beside its translation on the same inputs by
   `lang`'s other writes into the same type would hide a write the analysis misses: a
   byte array overwritten whole through a type parameter, or, under its features, by std
   called directly or through a pointer a generic function calls.
-- `task` trims moq's kio to a channel of `Arc`ed state, waiters, and wakers, under async
-  functions and std's future helpers, with wakers of the crate's `Wake` impls, beside
-  values that drop inside std's types. Its caller is hand-written TS (`tests/task.ts`): a FIFO executor that runs a
+- `task` trims moq's kio to a dependency of its own, `kio`, reached across crates as moq-net
+  reaches kio: a channel of `Arc`ed state, waiters, and wakers, kio's `Task`, `Pending`, and
+  `Waiter::poll_future`, and a `Consumer::poll` whose closure is itself pending, a
+  `Poll<Poll<_>>`. Async functions and std's future helpers run over it, with wakers of
+  the crate's `Wake` impls, beside values that drop inside std's types. Its caller is hand-written TS (`tests/task.ts`): a FIFO executor that runs a
   script of spawns, sends, polls, and drops, and logs every poll, wake, and drop, as the
   fixture's native executor does. The logs must match byte for byte. `tests/unwind.ts`
   also runs the scripts natively on the host (`examples/unwind.rs`), where a panic

diff --git a/ts/fixtures/reject/census.md b/ts/fixtures/reject/census.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Census of `reject-fixture`
 
-- Refusals: 74
-- Function instances: 84
+- Refusals: 77
+- Function instances: 88
 - Generic functions no instance reached, lowered over their type parameters: 6
 
 ## By construct
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 | 11 | unsupported call to `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:21:4 |
 | 4 | a variant of `_`, which is not supported: either is the same JS string | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:382:2 |
 | 4 | an assignment through a reference to `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:101:2 |
+| 3 | a copy of a closure that changes what it captured | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:257:14 |
 | 3 | replacing the value behind a reference to `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:85:2 |
 | 3 | unsupported type `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:7:14 |
-| 2 | `_` is not supported: it would be pending two ways with one value | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20 |
 | 2 | `_` is not supported: its `None` and `Some` would both be `rt.None` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:16:15 |
 | 2 | `_` of `_`, whose `None` is `rt.None`, which is not supported yet | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:41:42 |
 | 2 | `_` of a reference to an array of bytes it is generic over, which its mapping would take as the array, not as a slice of it | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:247:16 |
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@
 | 1 | `Bytes::from_owner` of `_`, which would drop with the last clone of what it makes, which is not supported | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:425:2 |
 | 1 | `Pointer` formatting, as in `{:p}`, is not supported | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:68:2 |
 | 1 | `_` is not supported yet | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:393:18 |
+| 1 | `_` is not supported: its `Pending` and `Ready` would both be `rt.OuterPending` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20 |
 | 1 | `_` is not supported: its field `_` is `_`, typed `_`, whose `None` would be `rt.None` as `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:31:2 |
+| 1 | `_` is not supported: its field `_` is `_`, typed `_`, whose `Pending` would be `rt.OuterPending` as `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:517:2 |
 | 1 | `_` of `_` by `_`, which is not supported yet | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:286:6 |
 | 1 | `_` of `_`, which drops `_`, which is not supported yet | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:53:13 |
 | 1 | `_` through a held type's own, which is not supported yet | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:318:2 |
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
 | 1 | a cast from `_` to `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:96:2 |
 | 1 | a coercion to `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:341:2 |
 | 1 | a constant of type `_` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:80:2 |
-| 1 | a copy of a closure that changes what it captured | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:257:14 |
+| 1 | a future of `_`, which can be `rt.Pending`, as the future's own `Pending` is | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:110:34 |
 | 1 | a mutable borrow of a subslice of `_`, which JS would copy, having no views | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:226:13 |
 | 1 | a mutable reference into a `Result`'s payload, passed on or kept | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:413:12 |
 | 1 | a printable type must implement `Display` or `Debug` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:92:1 |
@@ -88,18 +90,22 @@ The type or module each refused type or path belongs to.
 | 1 | `Noisy` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:53:13 |
 | 1 | `T \| undefined` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:31:2 |
 | 1 | `Tail` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:506:30 |
+| 1 | `Waiting` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:517:2 |
 | 1 | `[u16; 1]` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:240:22 |
 | 1 | `[u8; 4]` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:496:26 |
 | 1 | `dyn std::ops::Fn(u8) -> u8` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:11:16 |
 | 1 | `f64` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:454:2 |
 | 1 | `into_keys` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:53:13 |
+| 1 | `poll` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:517:2 |
+| 1 | `rt.Poll` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:517:2 |
 | 1 | `std::iter::Chain` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:172:51 |
 | 1 | `std::iter::Rev` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:166:14 |
 | 1 | `std::option::Option` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:420:2 |
 | 1 | `std::slice::Iter` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:126:11 |
 | 1 | `std::string::String` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:74:10 |
 | 1 | `std::sync::MutexGuard` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:121:2 |
 | 1 | `std::sync::Weak` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:470:40 |
+| 1 | `std::task::Poll` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:110:34 |
 | 1 | `str` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:377:4 |
 | 1 | `u32` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:226:13 |
 | 1 | `u64` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:96:2 |
@@ -112,15 +118,16 @@ The type or module each refused type or path belongs to.
 | ---: | --- | --- | --- |
 | 4 | a variant of `_`, which is not supported: either is the same JS string | `std::borrow::Cow` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:382:2 |
 | 3 | unsupported type `_` | `f32` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:7:14 |
-| 2 | `_` is not supported: it would be pending two ways with one value | `Poll` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20 |
 | 2 | `_` is not supported: its `None` and `Some` would both be `rt.None` | `Option` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:16:15 |
 | 2 | `_`, a trait object of the generic trait `_`, which is not supported yet | `dyn Scaled`, `Scaled` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:479:23 |
 | 2 | an assignment through a reference to `_` | `std::pin::Pin` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:116:2 |
 | 2 | replacing the value behind a reference to `_` | `Meters` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:85:2 |
 | 2 | unsupported call to `_` | `<std::vec::IntoIter as std::iter::Iterator>::sum` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:444:17 |
 | 1 | `Bytes::from_owner` of `_`, which would drop with the last clone of what it makes, which is not supported | `std::sync::Arc` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:425:2 |
 | 1 | `_` is not supported yet | `std::borrow::Cow` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:393:18 |
+| 1 | `_` is not supported: its `Pending` and `Ready` would both be `rt.OuterPending` | `Poll` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20 |
 | 1 | `_` is not supported: its field `_` is `_`, typed `_`, whose `None` would be `rt.None` as `_` | `Maybe`, `value`, `Option`, `T \| undefined`, `Option` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:31:2 |
+| 1 | `_` is not supported: its field `_` is `_`, typed `_`, whose `Pending` would be `rt.OuterPending` as `_` | `Waiting`, `poll`, `Poll`, `rt.Poll`, `Poll` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:517:2 |
 | 1 | `_` of `_` by `_`, which is not supported yet | `HashMap::contains_key`, `std::collections::HashMap`, `u8` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:286:6 |
 | 1 | `_` of `_`, which drops `_`, which is not supported yet | `into_keys`, `std::collections::HashMap`, `Noisy` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:53:13 |
 | 1 | `_` of `_`, whose `None` is `rt.None`, which is not supported yet | `HashMap::get`, `Option` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:263:6 |
@@ -137,6 +144,7 @@ The type or module each refused type or path belongs to.
 | 1 | a coercion to `_`, which is not supported yet | `&Tail` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:506:30 |
 | 1 | a coercion to `_`, which is not supported yet | `std::sync::Weak` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:470:40 |
 | 1 | a constant of type `_` | `&u8` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:80:2 |
+| 1 | a future of `_`, which can be `rt.Pending`, as the future's own `Pending` is | `std::task::Poll` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:110:34 |
 | 1 | a mutable borrow of a subslice of `_`, which JS would copy, having no views | `u32` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:226:13 |
 | 1 | a scalar constant of type `_` | `f32` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:8:2 |
 | 1 | a trait object of `_`, which is not supported yet | `[u8; 4]` | fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:496:26 |
@@ -205,6 +213,14 @@ The type or module each refused type or path belongs to.
 
 </details>
 
+<details><summary>a copy of a closure that changes what it captured (3)</summary>
+
+- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:257:14: a copy of a closure that changes what it captured
+- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:529:14: a copy of a closure that changes what it captured
+- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:530:14: a copy of a closure that changes what it captured
+
+</details>
+
 <details><summary>replacing the value behind a reference to `_` (3)</summary>
 
 - fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:85:2: replacing the value behind a reference to `Meters`
@@ -221,13 +237,6 @@ The type or module each refused type or path belongs to.
 
 </details>
 
-<details><summary>`_` is not supported: it would be pending two ways with one value (2)</summary>
-
-- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20: `Poll<std::option::Option<std::task::Poll<u8>>>` is not supported: it would be pending two ways with one value
-- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:110:54: `Poll<std::task::Poll<u8>>` is not supported: it would be pending two ways with one value
-
-</details>
-
 <details><summary>`_` is not supported: its `None` and `Some` would both be `rt.None` (2)</summary>
 
 - fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:16:15: `Option<std::option::Option<std::option::Option<u8>>>` is not supported: its `None` and `Some` would both be `rt.None`
@@ -309,12 +318,24 @@ The type or module each refused type or path belongs to.
 
 </details>
 
+<details><summary>`_` is not supported: its `Pending` and `Ready` would both be `rt.OuterPending` (1)</summary>
+
+- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20: `Poll<std::option::Option<std::task::Poll<std::task::Poll<u8>>>>` is not supported: its `Pending` and `Ready` would both be `rt.OuterPending`
+
+</details>
+
 <details><summary>`_` is not supported: its field `_` is `_`, typed `_`, whose `None` would be `rt.None` as `_` (1)</summary>
 
 - fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:31:2: `Maybe<()>` is not supported: its field `value` is `Option<T>`, typed `T | undefined`, whose `None` would be `rt.None` as `Option<()>`
 
 </details>
 
+<details><summary>`_` is not supported: its field `_` is `_`, typed `_`, whose `Pending` would be `rt.OuterPending` as `_` (1)</summary>
+
+- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:517:2: `Waiting<std::task::Poll<u8>>` is not supported: its field `poll` is `Poll<T>`, typed `rt.Poll<T>`, whose `Pending` would be `rt.OuterPending` as `Poll<std::task::Poll<u8>>`
+
+</details>
+
 <details><summary>`_` of `_` by `_`, which is not supported yet (1)</summary>
 
 - fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:286:6: `HashMap::contains_key` of `std::collections::HashMap<Id, u8>` by `u8`, which is not supported yet
@@ -381,9 +402,9 @@ The type or module each refused type or path belongs to.
 
 </details>
 
-<details><summary>a copy of a closure that changes what it captured (1)</summary>
+<details><summary>a future of `_`, which can be `rt.Pending`, as the future's own `Pending` is (1)</summary>
 
-- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:257:14: a copy of a closure that changes what it captured
+- fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:110:34: a future of `std::task::Poll<u8>`, which can be `rt.Pending`, as the future's own `Pending` is
 
 </details>
 

diff --git a/ts/fixtures/reject/expected.txt b/ts/fixtures/reject/expected.txt
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ a constant of type `&u8` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:80:2
 replacing the value behind a reference to `Meters` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:85:2
 replacing the value behind a reference to `Meters` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:89:2
 an assignment through a reference to `std::sync::Arc<u8>` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:101:2
-`Poll<std::option::Option<std::task::Poll<u8>>>` is not supported: it would be pending two ways with one value at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20
-`Poll<std::task::Poll<u8>>` is not supported: it would be pending two ways with one value at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:110:54
+`Poll<std::option::Option<std::task::Poll<std::task::Poll<u8>>>>` is not supported: its `Pending` and `Ready` would both be `rt.OuterPending` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:105:20
+a future of `std::task::Poll<u8>`, which can be `rt.Pending`, as the future's own `Pending` is at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:110:34
 an assignment through a reference to `std::pin::Pin<std::sync::Arc<u8>>` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:116:2
 an assignment through a reference to `std::sync::MutexGuard<'_, u8>` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:121:2
 unsupported call to `<std::slice::Iter<'_, u8> as std::iter::Iterator>::cycle` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:126:11
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ a coercion to `std::sync::Weak<dyn Reading>`, which is not supported yet at fixt
 `dyn Scaled<u8>`, a trait object of the generic trait `Scaled`, which is not supported yet at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:480:4
 a trait object of `[u8; 4]`, which is not supported yet at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:496:26
 a coercion to `&Tail<dyn Reading>`, which is not supported yet at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:506:30
+`Waiting<std::task::Poll<u8>>` is not supported: its field `poll` is `Poll<T>`, typed `rt.Poll<T>`, whose `Pending` would be `rt.OuterPending` as `Poll<std::task::Poll<u8>>` at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:517:2
+a copy of a closure that changes what it captured at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:529:14
+a copy of a closure that changes what it captured at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:530:14
 overriding `Iterator::fold`, which std's adaptors call in place of `next` or beside it at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:139:2
 an iterator of the crate implementing `DoubleEndedIterator`, which is not supported yet at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:159:1
 overriding `Iterator::size_hint`, which std's adaptors call in place of `next` or beside it at fixtures/reject/src/lib.rs:193:2