gh-153210: Do not DECREF ArrayType in array_modexc when errors occur

Lib/test/test_array.py

@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@
 from test.support import os_helper
 from test.support import _2G
 from test.support import subTests
+from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 import weakref
 import pickle
 import operator
 import struct
 import sys
+import textwrap
 
 import array
 from array import _array_reconstructor as array_reconstructor
@@ -35,6 +37,21 @@ def test_array_is_sequence(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(array.array("B"), collections.abc.MutableSequence)
         self.assertIsInstance(array.array("B"), collections.abc.Reversible)
 
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_module_init_mutablesequence_register_failure(self):
+        # gh-153210: Check that when collections.abc.MutableSequence is unavailable
+        # The refcount of ArrayType is decremented correctly.
+        # This test only catches the issue in a debug build.
+        script = textwrap.dedent("""
+            import collections.abc
+            del collections.abc.MutableSequence
+            try:
+                import array
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+        """)
+        assert_python_ok("-c", script)
+
     def test_bad_constructor(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, array.array)
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, array.array, spam=42)

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-07-07-00-26-06.gh-issue-153210.HRwj-j.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:mod:`array`: Fix incorrect handling of reference counts when errors occur
+during module import

Modules/arraymodule.c

@@ -3409,14 +3409,12 @@ array_modexec(PyObject *m)
     PyObject *mutablesequence = PyImport_ImportModuleAttrString(
             "collections.abc", "MutableSequence");
     if (!mutablesequence) {
-        Py_DECREF((PyObject *)state->ArrayType);
         return -1;
     }
     PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethod(mutablesequence, "register", "O",
                                         (PyObject *)state->ArrayType);
     Py_DECREF(mutablesequence);
     if (!res) {
-        Py_DECREF((PyObject *)state->ArrayType);
         return -1;
     }
     Py_DECREF(res);