rust-embedded · wt · Mar 10, 2026 · Mar 10, 2026 · Mar 10, 2026 · Mar 11, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -17,22 +17,15 @@ jobs:
 
         include:
           # Test MSRV
-          - rust: 1.71.0
-            # Should be set to true for >= 1.81.0
-            test_cortex_m_types: false
+          - rust: 1.85.0
 
           # Test nightly but don't fail
           - rust: nightly
-            test_cortex_m_types: true
             experimental: true
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
         with:
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
       - name: Run tests
-        if: ${{ matrix.test_cortex_m_types }}
         run: cargo test --all --exclude cortex-m-rt --exclude testsuite --features cortex-m/critical-section-single-core
-      - name: Run tests for < 1.81.0 (need to exclude cortex-m-types)
-        if: ${{ matrix.test_cortex_m_types == false }}
-        run: cargo test --all --exclude cortex-m-rt --exclude testsuite --exclude cortex-m-types --features cortex-m/critical-section-single-core
diff --git a/.github/workflows/clippy.yml b/.github/workflows/clippy.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.81
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.85
         with:
           components: clippy
       - run: cargo clippy --all --features cortex-m/critical-section-single-core -- --deny warnings
diff --git a/.github/workflows/rt-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/rt-ci.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental || false }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        rust: [nightly, stable, 1.71.0]
+        rust: [nightly, stable, 1.85.0]
 
         include:
           # Nightly is only for reference and allowed to fail

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [workspace]
-resolver = "2"
+resolver = "3"
 members = [
     "cortex-m",
     "cortex-m-types",

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/CHANGELOG.md b/cortex-m-rt/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
   from an external device. Note that this relies on the bootloader to have already
   copied `.data` to the VMA before relinquishing control.
 - Updated references from 'Cortex-M Team' to 'Arm Team'
-- Bump MSRV to 1.71
+- Bump MSRV to 1.85
 
 ## [v0.7.5]
 

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/Cargo.toml b/cortex-m-rt/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
 [package]
-authors = [
-    "The Embedded Devices Working Group's Arm Team <cortex-m@teams.rust-embedded.org>",
-    "Jorge Aparicio <jorge@japaric.io>",
-    "Hideki Sekine <sekineh@me.com>",
-]
 categories = ["embedded", "no-std"]
 description = "Minimal runtime / startup for Cortex-M microcontrollers"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/cortex-m-rt/"
@@ -15,8 +10,8 @@ repository = "https://github.com/rust-embedded/cortex-m"
 version = "0.7.5"
 autoexamples = true
 links = "cortex-m-rt" # Prevent multiple versions of cortex-m-rt being linked
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.71"
+edition = "2024"
+rust-version = "1.85"
 
 [dependencies]
 cortex-m-rt-macros = { path = "macros", version = "=0.7.5" }

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/README.md b/cortex-m-rt/README.md
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ This project is developed and maintained by the [Embedded Devices Working Group'
 
 ## Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV)
 
-This crate is guaranteed to compile on stable Rust 1.61.0 and up. It *might*
+This crate is guaranteed to compile on stable Rust 1.85 and up. It *might*
 compile with older versions but that may change in any new patch release.
 
 ## License

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/examples/device.rs b/cortex-m-rt/examples/device.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 //! Manually create the interrupts portion of the vector table
 
-#![deny(unsafe_code)]
 #![deny(warnings)]
 #![no_main]
 #![no_std]
@@ -22,14 +21,14 @@ pub union Vector {
     reserved: usize,
 }
 
-extern "C" {
+unsafe extern "C" {
     fn WWDG();
     fn PVD();
 }
 
 #[allow(unsafe_code)]
-#[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[unsafe(link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts")]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub static __INTERRUPTS: [Vector; 3] = [
     Vector { handler: WWDG },
     Vector { reserved: 0 },

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/examples/hard-fault-trampoline.rs b/cortex-m-rt/examples/hard-fault-trampoline.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ extern crate cortex_m_rt;
 extern crate panic_halt;
 
 use core::arch::asm;
-use cortex_m_rt::{entry, exception, ExceptionFrame};
+use cortex_m_rt::{ExceptionFrame, entry, exception};
 
 // This defines both `HardFault` and `_HardFault`. Both should have
 // link_section attributes placing them at the end of the .text section,

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/examples/main.rs b/cortex-m-rt/examples/main.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
 extern crate panic_halt;
 
-#[no_mangle]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn main() -> ! {
     loop {}
 }
diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/examples/override-exception.rs b/cortex-m-rt/examples/override-exception.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ extern crate cortex_m_rt as rt;
 extern crate panic_halt;
 
 use cortex_m::asm;
-use rt::{entry, exception, ExceptionFrame};
+use rt::{ExceptionFrame, entry, exception};
 
 #[entry]
 fn main() -> ! {

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/examples/unsafe-hard-fault.rs b/cortex-m-rt/examples/unsafe-hard-fault.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 extern crate cortex_m_rt;
 extern crate panic_halt;
 
-use cortex_m_rt::{entry, exception, ExceptionFrame};
+use cortex_m_rt::{ExceptionFrame, entry, exception};
 
 #[entry]
 fn foo() -> ! {

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/examples/unsafety.rs b/cortex-m-rt/examples/unsafety.rs
@@ -7,30 +7,30 @@
 extern crate cortex_m_rt;
 extern crate panic_halt;
 
-use cortex_m_rt::{entry, exception, ExceptionFrame};
+use cortex_m_rt::{ExceptionFrame, entry, exception};
 
 #[entry]
 unsafe fn main() -> ! {
-    foo();
+    unsafe { foo() };
 
     loop {}
 }
 
 #[exception]
 unsafe fn DefaultHandler(_irqn: i16) {
-    foo();
+    unsafe { foo() };
 }
 
 #[exception]
 unsafe fn HardFault(_ef: &ExceptionFrame) -> ! {
-    foo();
+    unsafe { foo() };
 
     loop {}
 }
 
 #[exception]
 unsafe fn SysTick() {
-    foo();
+    unsafe { foo() };
 }
 
 unsafe fn foo() {}
diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/examples/warnings.rs b/cortex-m-rt/examples/warnings.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 extern crate cortex_m_rt;
 extern crate panic_halt;
 
-use cortex_m_rt::{entry, exception, interrupt, pre_init, ExceptionFrame};
+use cortex_m_rt::{ExceptionFrame, entry, exception, interrupt, pre_init};
 
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 enum interrupt {

diff --git a/cortex-m-rt/src/lib.rs b/cortex-m-rt/src/lib.rs
@@ -361,13 +361,13 @@
 //!     reserved: usize,
 //! }
 //!
-//! extern "C" {
+//! unsafe extern "C" {
 //!     fn Foo();
 //!     fn Bar();
 //! }
 //!
-//! #[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
-//! #[no_mangle]
+//! #[unsafe(link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts")]
+//! #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 //! pub static __INTERRUPTS: [Vector; 5] = [
 //!     // 0-1: Reserved
 //!     Vector { reserved: 0 },
@@ -440,14 +440,14 @@
 //!
 //! [`MaybeUninit`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/mem/union.MaybeUninit.html
 //!
-//! ```no_run,edition2018
+//! ```no_run
 //! # extern crate core;
 //! use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
 //!
 //! const STACK_SIZE: usize = 8 * 1024;
 //! const NTHREADS: usize = 4;
 //!
-//! #[link_section = ".uninit.STACKS"]
+//! #[unsafe(link_section = ".uninit.STACKS")]
 //! static mut STACKS: MaybeUninit<[[u8; STACK_SIZE]; NTHREADS]> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
 //! ```
 //!
@@ -483,10 +483,10 @@
 //!
 //! You can then use something like this to place a variable into this specific section of memory:
 //!
-//! ```no_run,edition2018
+//! ```no_run
 //! # extern crate core;
 //! # use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
-//! #[link_section=".ccmram.BUFFERS"]
+//! #[unsafe(link_section=".ccmram.BUFFERS")]
 //! static mut BUF: MaybeUninit<[u8; 1024]> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
 //! ```
 //!
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ pub use macros::pre_init;
 // two copies of cortex-m-rt together, linking will fail. We also declare a links key in
 // Cargo.toml which is the more modern way to solve the same problem, but we have to keep
 // __ONCE__ around to prevent linking with versions before the links key was added.
-#[export_name = "error: cortex-m-rt appears more than once in the dependency graph"]
+#[unsafe(export_name = "error: cortex-m-rt appears more than once in the dependency graph")]
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub static __ONCE__: () = ();
 
@@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ExceptionFrame {
 /// The returned pointer is guaranteed to be 4-byte aligned.
 #[inline]
 pub fn heap_start() -> *mut u32 {
-    extern "C" {
+    unsafe extern "C" {
         static mut __sheap: u32;
     }
 
@@ -1132,27 +1132,27 @@ pub fn heap_start() -> *mut u32 {
 
 // Entry point is Reset.
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, link_section = ".vector_table.reset_vector")]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, unsafe(link_section = ".vector_table.reset_vector"))]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub static __RESET_VECTOR: unsafe extern "C" fn() -> ! = Reset;
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, link_section = ".HardFault.default")]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, unsafe(link_section = ".HardFault.default"))]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn HardFault_() -> ! {
     #[allow(clippy::empty_loop)]
     loop {}
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn DefaultHandler_() -> ! {
     #[allow(clippy::empty_loop)]
     loop {}
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn DefaultPreInit() {}
 
 /* Exceptions */
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ pub enum Exception {
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub use self::Exception as exception;
 
-extern "C" {
+unsafe extern "C" {
     fn Reset() -> !;
 
     fn NonMaskableInt();
@@ -1224,8 +1224,8 @@ pub union Vector {
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, link_section = ".vector_table.exceptions")]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, unsafe(link_section = ".vector_table.exceptions"))]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub static __EXCEPTIONS: [Vector; 14] = [
     // Exception 2: Non Maskable Interrupt.
     Vector {
@@ -1284,10 +1284,10 @@ pub static __EXCEPTIONS: [Vector; 14] = [
 // to the default handler
 #[cfg(all(any(not(feature = "device"), test), not(armv6m), not(armv8m_main)))]
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts")]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, unsafe(link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"))]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub static __INTERRUPTS: [unsafe extern "C" fn(); 240] = [{
-    extern "C" {
+    unsafe extern "C" {
         fn DefaultHandler();
     }
 
@@ -1297,10 +1297,10 @@ pub static __INTERRUPTS: [unsafe extern "C" fn(); 240] = [{
 // ARMv8-M Mainline can have up to 480 device specific interrupts
 #[cfg(all(not(feature = "device"), armv8m_main))]
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts")]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, unsafe(link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"))]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub static __INTERRUPTS: [unsafe extern "C" fn(); 480] = [{
-    extern "C" {
+    unsafe extern "C" {
         fn DefaultHandler();
     }
 
@@ -1310,10 +1310,10 @@ pub static __INTERRUPTS: [unsafe extern "C" fn(); 480] = [{
 // ARMv6-M can only have a maximum of 32 device specific interrupts
 #[cfg(all(not(feature = "device"), armv6m))]
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
-#[no_mangle]
+#[unsafe(link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts")]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub static __INTERRUPTS: [unsafe extern "C" fn(); 32] = [{
-    extern "C" {
+    unsafe extern "C" {
         fn DefaultHandler();
     }
 

diff --git a/cortex-m-semihosting/CHANGELOG.md b/cortex-m-semihosting/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
-- MSRV bumped to 1.60 to align with `embedded-hal` version 1.
+- MSRV bumped to 1.85
 - Updated references from 'Cortex-M Team' to 'Arm Team'
 
 ## [v0.5.0] - 2022-03-01

diff --git a/cortex-m-semihosting/Cargo.toml b/cortex-m-semihosting/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
 [package]
-authors = [
-    "The Embedded Devices Working Group's Arm Team <cortex-m@teams.rust-embedded.org>",
-    "Jorge Aparicio <japaricious@gmail.com>",
-]
 description = "Semihosting for ARM Cortex-M processors"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/cortex-m-semihosting"
 keywords = ["semihosting", "arm", "cortex-m"]
@@ -12,8 +8,8 @@ name = "cortex-m-semihosting"
 readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/rust-embedded/cortex-m"
 version = "0.5.0"
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.71"
+edition = "2024"
+rust-version = "1.85"
 
 [features]
 jlink-quirks = []

diff --git a/cortex-m-semihosting/README.md b/cortex-m-semihosting/README.md
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ This project is developed and maintained by the [Embedded Devices Working Group'
 
 # Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV)
 
-This crate is guaranteed to compile on stable Rust 1.61.0 and up. It *might*
+This crate is guaranteed to compile on stable Rust 1.85 and up. It *might*
 compile with older versions but that may change in any new patch release.
 
 ## License