add bigdecimal

[greenbigfrog]

Most likely not the optimal solution, but it'll do the job. Require #131 to work.
(This will most likely only work on master crystal)

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This change is 

[greenbigfrog]

Attempt of #126 ( @pynixwang )

[pynixwang]

directly replace PG:: Numeric with BigDecimal will be better?

[marksiemers]

See inline comments.

[greenbigfrog]

@will have you looked at this yet?

[will]

@greenbigfrog thanks. I'm curious though why you said it requires #131?

[greenbigfrog]

It requires a few patches that haven't been released yet (and back when I opened this PR, I had no idea rly how crystal's compiling worked). It only requires following PRs:

https://github.com/crystal-lang/crystal/pull/5582
https://github.com/crystal-lang/crystal/pull/5589
(and maybe https://github.com/crystal-lang/crystal/pull/5525 , not sure if it's required for the functionality of this PR. (I did need it for my project though))

[greenbigfrog]

Just noticed that this should be BigDecimal.new(0) to avoid unnecessary allocation...

[will]

The new patch has a travis failure @greenbigfrog

 1) PG::Numeric to_big_d
       Invalid BigDecimal: -9.0e-5 (Unexpected 'e' character)
       /usr/share/crystal/src/big/big_decimal.cr:0:9 in 'initialize'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/big/big_decimal.cr:78:5 in 'initialize'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/big/big_decimal.cr:77:3 in 'new'
       /numeric_spec.cr:14:3 in 'bd'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/spec/expectations.cr:0:7 in '~procProc(Nil)'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/spec/methods.cr:255:3 in 'it'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/spec/methods.cr:0:5 in '~procProc(Nil)'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/spec/context.cr:255:3 in 'describe'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/spec/methods.cr:16:5 in 'describe'
       spec/pg/encoder_spec.cr:1:1 in '__crystal_main'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/crystal/main.cr:11:3 in '_crystal_main'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/crystal/main.cr:112:5 in 'main_user_code'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/crystal/main.cr:101:7 in 'main'
       /usr/share/crystal/src/crystal/main.cr:135:3 in 'main'
       __libc_start_main
       ???
       ???

[pynixwang]

scientific notation is not support ?

[greenbigfrog]

As said, you need the patches I linked in #132 (comment)
Mainly actually only crystal-lang/crystal#5582 now that I think of it.

[greenbigfrog]

Realized today that this doesn't allow to do math in the query itself (eg -1 * 1.1) since it only passes it in as string (-1 * '1.1')

[ysbaddaden]

There is pg/pg_ext/big_rational so this method can become:

def to_big_d : BigDecimal
  to_big_r.to_big_d
end

In fact, maybe both files could be merged into a single pg/pg_ext/big file?