GH-51474: [Python][Annotations] Add pyrefly check to CI

ci/scripts/python_test_type_annotations.sh

@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ fi
 pip install fsspec pandas-stubs scipy-stubs types-cffi types-psutil types-requests types-python-dateutil
 
 # Install type checkers
-pip install mypy pyright ty
+pip install mypy pyrefly pyright ty
 
 # Run type checkers
 cd "${pyarrow_dir}"
 mypy
 pyright --stats
 ty check --verbose --output-format concise
+pyrefly check --summarize-errors

docs/source/developers/python/development.rst

@@ -145,6 +145,17 @@ To run ty (note: currently only partially configured):
    $ cd arrow/python
    $ ty check
 
+**pyrefly**
+
+To run pyrefly:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   $ cd arrow/python
+   $ pyrefly check
+
+The pyrefly configuration is in the ``[tool.pyrefly]`` section of ``pyproject.toml``.
+
 Maintaining Type Stubs
 -----------------------
 

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -137,6 +137,19 @@ exclude = [
 stubPath = "pyarrow-stubs"
 typeCheckingMode = "basic"
 
+# TODO: Enable type checking once stubs are merged
+[tool.pyrefly]
+project-includes = ["pyarrow-stubs"]
+project-excludes = [
+    "pyarrow",
+    "benchmarks",
+    "examples",
+    "scripts",
+    "build",
+]
+search-path = ["pyarrow-stubs"]
+python-version = "3.11"
+
 # TODO: Enable type checking once stubs are merged
 [tool.ty.environment]
 extra-paths = ["pyarrow-stubs"]